如何通过按下和拖动在 Qt Quick/QML 画布中绘制一个矩形

Posted 2023-02-16

【中文标题】如何通过按下和拖动在 Qt Quick/QML 画布中绘制一个矩形

【英文标题】：How to draw a rectangle in QtQuick/QML canvas by press and draging

【发布时间】：2017-03-27 12:50:02

【问题描述】：

我想在图像顶部绘制一些矩形，这些矩形由 QQuickPaintedItem 子类绘制并在 QML 中创建。我使用画布绘制矩形，可以使用鼠标对图像进行平移和缩放。 以下代码不起作用：

 Canvas
    id:canvas
    anchors.fill:parent
    // zoom in/out managed by mouse wheel
    property double dx:0.0
    property double dy:0.0
    property double sx:1.0
    property double sy:1.0
    // mapped mouse position will be displayed on the left top of the window
    property double mx:0
    property double my:0
    // mapped mouse postion when last left buttion pressed
    property double lastx:0.0
    property double lasty:0.0
    // flag
    property bool drawing:false

    // map x,y to my coordinate
    function mapToPaint(x,y)
    
        var mx=(x-dx)/sx;
        var my=(y-dy)/sy;
        return "x":mx,"y":my;
    


    onPaint:
        var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
        ctx.lineWidth = 1
        ctx.strokeStyle = Qt.lighter(root.color)
        ctx.clearRect (0, 0, width, height);
        ctx.save();
        // transform to my coordinate
        ctx.translate(dx,dy);
        ctx.scale(sx,sy);
        // draw a rect
        // !! I hope drawing can be displayed when mouse moving,
        // !! but the rect wasn't displayed after the mouse button 
        // !! was released. Instead many rectangles will be showed when 
        // !! I rolled the mouse wheel after the press-drag operation.
        if(drawing)
            ctx.rect(lastx,lasty,mx-lastx,my-lasty);
        ctx.stroke();
        ctx.restore();

MouseArea 
    id:area
    anchors.fill: parent
    hoverEnabled:true
    preventStealing:true
    property double factor: 1.2
    onPressed:
    

        if (mouse.button == Qt.LeftButton)
        
            var p=canvas.mapToPaint(mouse.x,mouse.y);
            canvas.lastx=p.x;
            canvas.lasty=p.y;
            canvas.drawing=true
        
    

    onWheel:
    
        if(wheel.angleDelta.y > 0)  // zoom in
            var zoomFactor = factor
        else                        // zoom out
            zoomFactor = 1/factor   

        canvas.sx*=zoomFactor;
        canvas.sy*=zoomFactor;
        canvas.dx=wheel.x-(wheel.x-canvas.dx)*zoomFactor;
        canvas.dy=wheel.y-(wheel.y-canvas.dy)*zoomFactor;
        canvas.requestPaint();
    
    onPositionChanged:
    
        var p=canvas.mapToPaint(mouse.x,mouse.y);
        canvas.mx=p.x;
        canvas.my=p.y;
        // I hope the rectangle can be showed when draging
        // but it didn't work!! why?
        // mouse.button == Qt.LeftButton is always false!!!
        // so I have to use the canvas.drawing flag
        // if (mouse.button == Qt.LeftButton)
        if(canvas.drawing)
            canvas.requestPaint();
    

当我按下并拖动鼠标时，我得到了以下图片：

here

更新：

使用 ctx.strokeRect 代替 ctx.rect，我得到了正确的矩形，但在 onPositionChanged 中仍然无法接收到鼠标按钮。

here

【参考方案1】：

一般来说，如果您需要实时预览矩形（或任何其他对象），您需要创建一个临时矩形，以便在单击画布时在画布上进行绘制，同时移动鼠标，您只需将该矩形调整为鼠标位置增量的大小，当您松开鼠标时，您实际上在画布上绘制矩形并删除预览。

这就是我要做的，在 QML 中创建一个临时矩形非常简单，所以我想你自己实现它应该没问题？

您当然可以在画布上绘制所有更新，但由于仅删除最后一个更新并不容易，因此我猜使用这种带有临时叠加层的方法会更容易。

【参考方案2】：

//handle Painted
Canvas
    id:canvas
    anchors.fill:parent
    // zoom in/out managed by mouse wheel
    property double dx:0.0
    property double dy:0.0
    property double sx:1.0
    property double sy:1.0
    // mapped mouse position will be displayed on the left top of the window
    property double mx:0
    property double my:0
    // mapped mouse postion when last left buttion pressed
    property double lastx:0.0
    property double lasty:0.0
    // flag
    property bool drawing:false

    // map x,y to my coordinate
    function mapToPaint(x,y)
    
        var mx=(x-dx)/sx;
        var my=(y-dy)/sy;
        return "x":mx,"y":my;
    

    function clear()
        var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
        ctx.reset();
        canvas.requestPaint();

    
    onPaint:
        var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
        ctx.lineWidth = 1
        ctx.strokeStyle = 'blue'

        ctx.save();
        // transform to my coordinate
        ctx.translate(dx,dy);
        ctx.scale(sx,sy);
        // draw a rect
        // !! I hope drawing can be displayed when mouse moving,
        // !! but the rect wasn't displayed after the mouse button
        // !! was released. Instead many rectangles will be showed when
        // !! I rolled the mouse wheel after the press-drag operation.

        if(drawing)
            ctx.rect(lastx,lasty,mx-lastx,my-lasty);
        ctx.stroke();
        ctx.restore();

    


    MouseArea 
        id:area
        anchors.fill: parent
        hoverEnabled:true
        preventStealing:true
        property double factor: 1.2
        onPressed:
        


            var p=canvas.mapToPaint(mouse.x,mouse.y);
            canvas.lastx=p.x;
            canvas.lasty=p.y;
            canvas.drawing=true

        

        onPositionChanged:
        
            canvas.clear();
            var p=canvas.mapToPaint(mouse.x,mouse.y);
            canvas.mx=p.x;
            canvas.my=p.y;
            // I hope the rectangle can be showed when draging
            // but it didn't work!! why?
            // mouse.button == Qt.LeftButton is always false!!!
            // so I have to use the canvas.drawing flag
            // if (mouse.button == Qt.LeftButton)
            if(canvas.drawing)
                canvas.requestPaint();
        
        onReleased: 
            canvas.clear();
            console.log(canvas.lastx,canvas.lasty,canvas.mx,canvas.my);
            canvas.drawing=false
        

    

【讨论】：

您好，请在发布的代码中添加一些说明。