开发中的 Angularjs：在另一个端口上使用服务

Posted 2023-03-03

【中文标题】开发中的 Angularjs：在另一个端口上使用服务

【英文标题】：Angularjs in development: using a service on another port

【发布时间】：2015-10-05 14:14:36

【问题描述】：

我正在开发一个 angularjs 客户端，用于使用我在 Django 中编写的 RESTful 服务。我目前没有对服务进行任何开发，也不需要能够方便地更改它。

我确实想方便地更改 Angular 客户端。当我开发时，我想让服务通过127.0.0.1 上的 dockerized nginx 服务器或127.0.0.1:8000 上的 Django 开发服务器运行，两者都可以。默认情况下，grunt 在 127.0.0.1:9000 上为 Angular 应用程序提供服务，这意味着对我的服务的调用，例如 (coffeescript)：

return $resource('api/logos/:id')

正在寻找127.0.0.1:9000/api/…，但找不到。在开发过程中，如何剥离或更改 Angular 正在寻找其服务的端口号？

编辑：Gruntfile 按要求：

// Generated on 2015-03-05 using generator-angular 0.11.1
'use strict';

// # Globbing
// for performance reasons we're only matching one level down:
// 'test/spec/,*/*.js'
// use this if you want to recursively match all subfolders:
// 'test/spec/**/*.js'

module.exports = function (grunt) 

// Load grunt tasks automatically
require('load-grunt-tasks')(grunt);

// Time how long tasks take. Can help when optimizing build times
require('time-grunt')(grunt);

// Configurable paths for the application
var appConfig = 
    app: require('./bower.json').appPath || 'app',
    dist: 'dist'
;

// Define the configuration for all the tasks
grunt.initConfig(

    // Project settings
    yeoman: appConfig,

    // Watches files for changes and runs tasks based on the changed files
    watch: 
    bower: 
        files: ['bower.json'],
        tasks: ['wiredep']
    ,
    coffee: 
        files: ['<%= yeoman.app %>/scripts/,*/*.coffee,litcoffee,coffee.md'],
        tasks: ['newer:coffee:dist']
    ,
    coffeeTest: 
        files: ['test/spec/,*/*.coffee,litcoffee,coffee.md'],
        tasks: ['newer:coffee:test', 'karma']
    ,
    compass: 
        files: ['<%= yeoman.app %>/styles/,*/*.scss,sass'],
        tasks: ['compass:server', 'autoprefixer']
    ,
    gruntfile: 
        files: ['Gruntfile.js']
    ,
    livereload: 
        options: 
        livereload: '<%= connect.options.livereload %>'
        ,
        files: [
        '<%= yeoman.app %>/,*/*.html',
        '.tmp/styles/,*/*.css',
        '.tmp/scripts/,*/*.js',
        '<%= yeoman.app %>/images/,*/*.png,jpg,jpeg,gif,webp,svg'
        ]
    
    ,

    // The actual grunt server settings
    connect: 
    options: 
        port: 9000,
        // Change this to '0.0.0.0' to access the server from outside.
        hostname: '0.0.0.0',
        livereload: 35729
    ,
    livereload: 
        options: 
        open: false,
        middleware: function (connect) 
            return [
            connect.static('.tmp'),
            connect().use(
                '/bower_components',
                connect.static('./bower_components')
            ),
            connect().use(
                '/app/styles',
                connect.static('./app/styles')
            ),
            connect.static(appConfig.app)
            ];
        
        
    ,
    test: 
        options: 
        port: 9001,
        middleware: function (connect) 
            return [
            connect.static('.tmp'),
            connect.static('test'),
            connect().use(
                '/bower_components',
                connect.static('./bower_components')
            ),
            connect.static(appConfig.app)
            ];
        
        
    ,
    dist: 
        options: 
        open: true,
        base: '<%= yeoman.dist %>'
        
    
    ,

    // Make sure code styles are up to par and there are no obvious mistakes
    jshint: 
    options: 
        jshintrc: '.jshintrc',
        reporter: require('jshint-stylish')
    ,
    all: 
        src: [
        'Gruntfile.js'
        ]
    
    ,

    // Empties folders to start fresh
    clean: 
    dist: 
        files: [
        dot: true,
        src: [
            '.tmp',
            '<%= yeoman.dist %>/,*/*',
            '!<%= yeoman.dist %>/.git,*/*'
        ]
        ]
    ,
    server: '.tmp'
    ,

    // Add vendor prefixed styles
    autoprefixer: 
    options: 
        browsers: ['last 1 version']
    ,
    server: 
        options: 
        map: true,
        ,
        files: [
        expand: true,
        cwd: '.tmp/styles/',
        src: ',*/*.css',
        dest: '.tmp/styles/'
        ]
    ,
    dist: 
        files: [
        expand: true,
        cwd: '.tmp/styles/',
        src: ',*/*.css',
        dest: '.tmp/styles/'
        ]
    
    ,

    // Automatically inject Bower components into the app
    wiredep: 
    app: 
        src: ['<%= yeoman.app %>/index.html'],
        ignorePath:  /\.\.\//
    ,
    test: 
        devDependencies: true,
        src: '<%= karma.unit.configFile %>',
        ignorePath:  /\.\.\//,
        fileTypes:
        coffee: 
            block: /(([\s\t]*)#\s*?bower:\s*?(\S*))(\n|\r|.)*?(#\s*endbower)/gi,
            detect: 
                js: /'(.*\.js)'/gi,
                coffee: /'(.*\.coffee)'/gi
            ,
            replace: 
            js: '\'filePath\'',
            coffee: '\'filePath\''
            
        
        
    ,
    sass: 
        src: ['<%= yeoman.app %>/styles/,*/*.scss,sass'],
        ignorePath: /(\.\.\/)1,2bower_components\//
    
    ,

    // Compiles CoffeeScript to javascript
    coffee: 
    options: 
        sourceMap: true,
        sourceRoot: ''
    ,
    dist: 
        files: [
        expand: true,
        cwd: '<%= yeoman.app %>/scripts',
        src: ',*/*.coffee',
        dest: '.tmp/scripts',
        ext: '.js'
        ]
    ,
    test: 
        files: [
        expand: true,
        cwd: 'test/spec',
        src: ',*/*.coffee',
        dest: '.tmp/spec',
        ext: '.js'
        ]
    
    ,

    // Compiles Sass to CSS and generates necessary files if requested
    compass: 
    options: 
        sassDir: '<%= yeoman.app %>/styles',
        cssDir: '.tmp/styles',
        generatedImagesDir: '.tmp/images/generated',
        imagesDir: '<%= yeoman.app %>/images',
        javascriptsDir: '<%= yeoman.app %>/scripts',
        fontsDir: '<%= yeoman.app %>/styles/fonts',
        importPath: './bower_components',
        httpImagesPath: '/images',
        httpGeneratedImagesPath: '/images/generated',
        httpFontsPath: '/styles/fonts',
        relativeAssets: false,
        assetCacheBuster: false,
        raw: 'Sass::Script::Number.precision = 10\n'
    ,
    dist: 
        options: 
        generatedImagesDir: '<%= yeoman.dist %>/images/generated'
        
    ,
    server: 
        options: 
        sourcemap: true
        
    
    ,

    // Renames files for browser caching purposes
    filerev: 
    dist: 
        src: [
        '<%= yeoman.dist %>/scripts/,*/*.js',
        '<%= yeoman.dist %>/styles/,*/*.css',
        '<%= yeoman.dist %>/images/,*/*.png,jpg,jpeg,gif,webp,svg',
        '<%= yeoman.dist %>/styles/fonts/*'
        ]
    
    ,

    // Reads HTML for usemin blocks to enable smart builds that automatically
    // concat, minify and revision files. Creates configurations in memory so
    // additional tasks can operate on them
    useminPrepare: 
    html: '<%= yeoman.app %>/index.html',
    options: 
        dest: '<%= yeoman.dist %>',
        flow: 
        html: 
            steps: 
            js: ['concat', 'uglifyjs'],
            css: ['cssmin']
            ,
            post: 
        
        
    
    ,

    // Performs rewrites based on filerev and the useminPrepare configuration
    usemin: 
    html: ['<%= yeoman.dist %>/,*/*.html'],
    css: ['<%= yeoman.dist %>/styles/,*/*.css'],
    options: 
        assetsDirs: [
        '<%= yeoman.dist %>',
        '<%= yeoman.dist %>/images',
        '<%= yeoman.dist %>/styles'
        ]
    
    ,

    // The following *-min tasks will produce minified files in the dist folder
    // By default, your `index.html`'s <!-- Usemin block --> will take care of
    // minification. These next options are pre-configured if you do not wish
    // to use the Usemin blocks.
    // cssmin: 
    //   dist: 
    //     files: 
    //       '<%= yeoman.dist %>/styles/main.css': [
    //         '.tmp/styles/,*/*.css'
    //       ]
    //     
    //   
    // ,
    // uglify: 
    //   dist: 
    //     files: 
    //       '<%= yeoman.dist %>/scripts/scripts.js': [
    //         '<%= yeoman.dist %>/scripts/scripts.js'
    //       ]
    //     
    //   
    // ,
    // concat: 
    //   dist: 
    // ,

    imagemin: 
    dist: 
        files: [
        expand: true,
        cwd: '<%= yeoman.app %>/images',
        src: ',*/*.png,jpg,jpeg,gif',
        dest: '<%= yeoman.dist %>/images'
        ]
    
    ,

    svgmin: 
    dist: 
        files: [
        expand: true,
        cwd: '<%= yeoman.app %>/images',
        src: ',*/*.svg',
        dest: '<%= yeoman.dist %>/images'
        ]
    
    ,

    htmlmin: 
    dist: 
        options: 
        collapseWhitespace: true,
        conservativeCollapse: true,
        collapseBooleanAttributes: true,
        removeCommentsFromCDATA: true,
        removeOptionalTags: true
        ,
        files: [
        expand: true,
        cwd: '<%= yeoman.dist %>',
        src: ['*.html', 'views/,*/*.html'],
        dest: '<%= yeoman.dist %>'
        ]
    
    ,

    // ng-annotate tries to make the code safe for minification automatically
    // by using the Angular long form for dependency injection.
    ngAnnotate: 
    dist: 
        files: [
        expand: true,
        cwd: '.tmp/concat/scripts',
        src: '*.js',
        dest: '.tmp/concat/scripts'
        ]
    
    ,

    // Replace Google CDN references
    cdnify: 
    dist: 
        html: ['<%= yeoman.dist %>/*.html']
    
    ,

    // Copies remaining files to places other tasks can use
    copy: 
    dist: 
        files: [
        expand: true,
        dot: true,
        cwd: '<%= yeoman.app %>',
        dest: '<%= yeoman.dist %>',
        src: [
            '*.ico,png,txt',
            '.htaccess',
            '*.html',
            'views/,*/*.html',
            'images/,*/*.webp',
            'styles/fonts/,*/*.*'
        ]
        , 
        expand: true,
        cwd: '.tmp/images',
        dest: '<%= yeoman.dist %>/images',
        src: ['generated/*']
        , 
        expand: true,
        cwd: '.',
        src: 'bower_components/bootstrap-sass-official/assets/fonts/bootstrap/*',
        dest: '<%= yeoman.dist %>'
        ]
    ,
    styles: 
        expand: true,
        cwd: '<%= yeoman.app %>/styles',
        dest: '.tmp/styles/',
        src: ',*/*.css'
    
    ,

    // Run some tasks in parallel to speed up the build process
    concurrent: 
    server: [
        'coffee:dist',
        'compass:server'
    ],
    test: [
        'coffee',
        'compass'
    ],
    dist: [
        'coffee',
        'compass:dist',
        'imagemin',
        'svgmin'
    ]
    ,

    // Test settings
    karma: 
    unit: 
        configFile: 'test/karma.conf.coffee',
        singleRun: true
    
    
);


grunt.registerTask('serve', 'Compile then start a connect web server', function (target) 
    if (target === 'dist') 
    return grunt.task.run(['build', 'connect:dist:keepalive']);
    

    grunt.task.run([
    'clean:server',
    'wiredep',
    'concurrent:server',
    'autoprefixer:server',
    'connect:livereload',
    'watch'
    ]);
);

grunt.registerTask('server', 'DEPRECATED TASK. Use the "serve" task instead', function (target) 
    grunt.log.warn('The `server` task has been deprecated. Use `grunt serve` to start a server.');
    grunt.task.run(['serve:' + target]);
);

grunt.registerTask('test', [
    'clean:server',
    'wiredep',
    'concurrent:test',
    'autoprefixer',
    'connect:test',
    'karma'
]);

grunt.registerTask('build', [
    'clean:dist',
    'wiredep',
    'useminPrepare',
    'concurrent:dist',
    'autoprefixer',
    'concat',
    'ngAnnotate',
    'copy:dist',
    'cdnify',
    'cssmin',
    'uglify',
    'filerev',
    'usemin',
    'htmlmin'
]);

grunt.registerTask('default', [
    'newer:jshint',
    'test',
    'build'
]);
;

【问题讨论】：

您使用哪个 Grunt 插件来提供文件？在问题中包含相关配置（Gruntfile）也可能会有所帮助。

@NikosParaskevopoulos 我正在使用 yeoman 角度生成器的标准配置，但我已将主机更改为 0.0.0.0，因为 grunt 也在 docker 容器中工作。我已经编辑了问题以包含 Gruntfile。

【参考方案1】：

更简单的方法是在服务上启用CORS。由于您的服务使用的是 Django，您应该可以使用 Django CORS headers app。

使用 pip 安装它，然后将 corsheaders 添加到您安装的应用程序中。接下来，在您的设置中添加 CORS 中间件before Django 的常用中间件，如下所示：

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    ...
    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    ...
)

最后，再次在 Django 设置中将 Angular 应用程序所在的端口列入白名单，如下所示：

CORS_ORIGIN_WHITELIST = (
    'localhost:9000' # for example. Your port may vary.
)

在角度方面，您需要在开发过程中为您的服务提供完整路径，否则端口差异会导致问题。

【参考方案2】：

我也遇到过类似的问题，我就是这样解决的：

拦截器修改 API 调用的 URL：

angular.module(...).config(['$httpProvider', function($httpProvider) 
    $httpProvider.interceptors.push(['env', function(env) 
        return 
            'request': function(config) 
                if( config.url.indexOf('/api/') === 0 ) 
                    config.url = env.apiContextPath + config.url;
                
                return config;
            
        ;
    ]);
]);

您可能需要调整 indexOf(...) 部分，但您大致了解。阅读here 了解拦截器。

env 服务持有应用程序环境 配置，即本地开发、开发服务器、生产等不同。我在 Grunt 中使用grunt-ng-constant 生成它有很多方法可以做到这一点 - 此处不详述。

最后你必须设置grunt-connect 才能使用代理。免责声明：我的配置与此略有不同，因此虽然总体思路可能是正确的，但有些细节可能需要调整！

您需要grunt-connect-proxy。简而言之，只需按照他们文档中的步骤操作即可：

将代理配置添加到connect:livereload

将代理中间件添加到您的中间件（我相信最好先）

livereload: 
    options: 
        open: false,
        middleware: function (connect) 
            return [
                // ADDED PROXY MIDDLEWARE HERE
                require('grunt-connect-proxy/lib/utils').proxyRequest,
                connect.static('.tmp'),
                connect().use(
                    '/bower_components',
                    connect.static('./bower_components')
                ),
                connect().use(
                    '/app/styles',
                    connect.static('./app/styles')
                ),
                connect.static(appConfig.app)
            ];
        
    ,
    proxies: [
        context: '/api',
        host: 'localhost', // the host serving your API
        port: 8000         // again the port of your API server
    ]
,

将configureProxy任务添加到服务器任务中：

grunt.registerTask('serve', 'Compile then start a connect web server', function (target) 
    if (target === 'dist') 
        return grunt.task.run(['build', 'connect:dist:keepalive']);
    

    grunt.task.run([
        'clean:server',
        'wiredep',
        'concurrent:server',
        'autoprefixer:server',
        'configureProxies:livereload',  // HERE
        'connect:livereload',
        'watch'
    ]);
);

【讨论】：

这看起来像我需要的。我现在离开了我的系统，所以我需要一段时间才能试用它，但一旦我开始工作，我会接受，并根据需要进行编辑。