在 Ubuntu 64 位上使用 Qt Creator 编译 OpenGL 代码

Posted 2023-02-14

【中文标题】在 Ubuntu 64 位上使用 Qt Creator 编译 OpenGL 代码

【英文标题】：Compile OpenGL code using Qt Creator on Ubuntu 64 bit

【发布时间】：2013-08-21 14:27:24

【问题描述】：

我需要在 QT Creator 上编译这个 OpenGL 的东西，但我不知道我添加了库：X11 和 GL..

啊，我使用的是 Ubuntu Linux 64bit 12.04LTS。

当我编译时，它显示以下错误：

:-1: error: [Makefile] Error 3

在我添加 X11 和 GL 库后，这段代码在 Code Blocks IDE 上编译并运行良好。但它似乎在 QT Creator IDE 上不起作用......

如何解决？？

---

这是 .pro 文件：

TEMPLATE = app
CONFIG += console

CONFIG -= app_bundle
CONFIG -= qt

SOURCES += main.cpp


unix: CONFIG += link_pkgconfig
unix: PKGCONFIG += X11

unix: CONFIG += link_pkgconfig
unix: PKGCONFIG += GL

这是 C++ 文件：

/* A simple program to show how to set up an X window for OpenGL rendering.
 * X86 compilation: gcc -o -L/usr/X11/lib   main main.c -lGL -lX11
 * X64 compilation: gcc -o -L/usr/X11/lib64 main main.c -lGL -lX11
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include <GL/glx.h>    /* this includes the necessary X headers */
#include <GL/gl.h>

#include <X11/X.h>    /* X11 constant (e.g. TrueColor) */
#include <X11/keysym.h>

static int snglBuf[] = GLX_RGBA, GLX_DEPTH_SIZE, 16, None;
static int dblBuf[]  = GLX_RGBA, GLX_DEPTH_SIZE, 16, GLX_DOUBLEBUFFER, None;

Display   *dpy;
Window     win;
GLfloat    xAngle = 42.0, yAngle = 82.0, zAngle = 112.0;
GLboolean  doubleBuffer = GL_TRUE;

void fatalError(char *message)

  fprintf(stderr, "main: %s\n", message);
  exit(1);


void redraw(void)

  static GLboolean   displayListInited = GL_FALSE;

  if (displayListInited)
  
    /* if display list already exists, just execute it */
    glCallList(1);
  
  else
  
    /* otherwise compile and execute to create the display list */
    glNewList(1, GL_COMPILE_AND_EXECUTE);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

    /* front face */
    glBegin(GL_QUADS);
      glColor3f(0.0, 0.7, 0.1);  /* green */
      glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
      glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
      glVertex3f(1.0, -1.0, 1.0);
      glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0);

      /* back face */
      glColor3f(0.9, 1.0, 0.0);  /* yellow */
      glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0);
      glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, -1.0);
      glVertex3f(1.0, -1.0, -1.0);
      glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0);

      /* top side face */
      glColor3f(0.2, 0.2, 1.0);  /* blue */
      glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
      glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
      glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, -1.0);
      glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0);

      /* bottom side face */
      glColor3f(0.7, 0.0, 0.1);  /* red */
      glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 1.0);
      glVertex3f(1.0, -1.0, 1.0);
      glVertex3f(1.0, -1.0, -1.0);
      glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -1.0);
    glEnd();
    glEndList();
    displayListInited = GL_TRUE;
  
  if (doubleBuffer)
    glXSwapBuffers(dpy, win);/* buffer swap does implicit glFlush */
  else
    glFlush();  /* explicit flush for single buffered case */


int main(int argc, char **argv)

  XVisualInfo         *vi;
  Colormap             cmap;
  XSetWindowAttributes swa;
  GLXContext           cx;
  XEvent               event;
  GLboolean            needRedraw = GL_FALSE, recalcModelView = GL_TRUE;
  int                  dummy;

  /*** (1) open a connection to the X server ***/

  dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
  if (dpy == NULL)
    fatalError("could not open display");

  /*** (2) make sure OpenGL's GLX extension supported ***/

  if(!glXQueryExtension(dpy, &dummy, &dummy))
    fatalError("X server has no OpenGL GLX extension");

  /*** (3) find an appropriate visual ***/

  /* find an OpenGL-capable RGB visual with depth buffer */
  vi = glXChooseVisual(dpy, DefaultScreen(dpy), dblBuf);
  if (vi == NULL)
  
    vi = glXChooseVisual(dpy, DefaultScreen(dpy), snglBuf);
    if (vi == NULL) fatalError("no RGB visual with depth buffer");
    doubleBuffer = GL_FALSE;
  
  if(vi->c_class != TrueColor)
    fatalError("TrueColor visual required for this program");

  /*** (4) create an OpenGL rendering context  ***/

  /* create an OpenGL rendering context */
  cx = glXCreateContext(dpy, vi, /* no shared dlists */ None,
                        /* direct rendering if possible */ GL_TRUE);
  if (cx == NULL)
    fatalError("could not create rendering context");

  /*** (5) create an X window with the selected visual ***/

  /* create an X colormap since probably not using default visual */
  cmap = XCreateColormap(dpy, RootWindow(dpy, vi->screen), vi->visual, AllocNone);
  swa.colormap = cmap;
  swa.border_pixel = 0;
  swa.event_mask = KeyPressMask    | ExposureMask
                 | ButtonPressMask | StructureNotifyMask;
  win = XCreateWindow(dpy, RootWindow(dpy, vi->screen), 0, 0,
                      300, 300, 0, vi->depth, InputOutput, vi->visual,
                      CWBorderPixel | CWColormap | CWEventMask, &swa);
  XSetStandardProperties(dpy, win, "main", "main", None,
                         argv, argc, NULL);

  /*** (6) bind the rendering context to the window ***/

  glXMakeCurrent(dpy, win, cx);

  /*** (7) request the X window to be displayed on the screen ***/

  XMapWindow(dpy, win);

  /*** (8) configure the OpenGL context for rendering ***/

  glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); /* enable depth buffering */
  glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);    /* pedantic, GL_LESS is the default */
  glClearDepth(1.0);       /* pedantic, 1.0 is the default */

  /* frame buffer clears should be to black */
  glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);

  /* set up projection transform */
  glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
  glLoadIdentity();
  glFrustum(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 10.0);
  /* establish initial viewport */
  /* pedantic, full window size is default viewport */
  glViewport(0, 0, 300, 300);

  printf( "Press left mouse button to rotate around X axis\n" );
  printf( "Press middle mouse button to rotate around Y axis\n" );
  printf( "Press right mouse button to rotate around Z axis\n" );
  printf( "Press ESC to quit the application\n" );

  /*** (9) dispatch X events ***/

  while (1)
  
    do
    
      XNextEvent(dpy, &event);
      switch (event.type)
      
        case KeyPress:
        
          KeySym     keysym;
          XKeyEvent *kevent;
          char       buffer[1];
          /* It is necessary to convert the keycode to a
           * keysym before checking if it is an escape */
          kevent = (XKeyEvent *) &event;
          if (   (XLookupString((XKeyEvent *)&event,buffer,1,&keysym,NULL) == 1)
              && (keysym == (KeySym)XK_Escape) )
            exit(0);
          break;
        
        case ButtonPress:
          recalcModelView = GL_TRUE;
          switch (event.xbutton.button)
          
            case 1: xAngle += 10.0;
              break;
            case 2: yAngle += 10.0;
              break;
            case 3: zAngle += 10.0;
              break;
          
          break;
        case ConfigureNotify:
          glViewport(0, 0, event.xconfigure.width,
                     event.xconfigure.height);
          /* fall through... */
        case Expose:
          needRedraw = GL_TRUE;
          break;
      
     while(XPending(dpy)); /* loop to compress events */

    if (recalcModelView)
    
      glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

      /* reset modelview matrix to the identity matrix */
      glLoadIdentity();

      /* move the camera back three units */
      glTranslatef(0.0, 0.0, -3.0);

      /* rotate by X, Y, and Z angles */
      glRotatef(xAngle, 0.1, 0.0, 0.0);
      glRotatef(yAngle, 0.0, 0.1, 0.0);
      glRotatef(zAngle, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);

      recalcModelView = GL_FALSE;
      needRedraw = GL_TRUE;
    
    if (needRedraw)
    
      redraw();
      needRedraw = GL_FALSE;
    
  

  return 0;

【问题讨论】：

必须有更详细的编译器和可能的链接器输出。 make 错误不是编译器错误。 make 只是调用编译器前端。

【参考方案1】：

我实际上看不到您将 opengl 添加到核心的位置。 请尝试添加

QT       += core gui opengl

到您的 .pro 文件。

附言我不太了解 Linux，但我希望它对您有所帮助。

【讨论】：

我有 2 条建议： 1. 检查你的 makefile 本身，可能有一些额外的空格（makefile 对空间敏感，永远不要手动编辑它）。 2. 在 .pro 文件中检查您的来源和标题，如果没有尝试调用额外的人员（例如，您之前手动删除了一些 .cpp 或 .h 文件）。然后清理项目并重建它。 p.s.第二种情况更可取，不要炸毁你的项目。