如何在 PyQT 小部件中嵌入 Python 解释器
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【中文标题】如何在 PyQT 小部件中嵌入 Python 解释器【英文标题】:How to embed a Python interpreter in a PyQT widget 【发布时间】:2010-05-03 13:00:09 【问题描述】:我希望能够从我的 python 应用程序中调出一个交互式 python 终端。我的程序中的一些(但不是全部)变量需要暴露给解释器。
目前我使用子类和修改的QPlainTextEdit
并将那里的所有“命令”路由到eval
或exec
,并跟踪字典中的单独命名空间。然而,必须有一个更优雅和健壮的方式!怎么样?
这是一个做我想做的事的例子,但它是用 IPython 和 pyGTK... http://ipython.scipy.org/moin/Cookbook/EmbeddingInGTK
以下是我目前拥有的。但是有很多极端案例,我可能错过了一些。它很慢,尝试大打印循环...它必须是一种更简单且不易出错的方式,...我希望!!
def runCommand(self)
函数是理解我的问题的关键。理想情况下,我不想改进它,我宁愿用更简单、更智能的东西来替换它的内容。
“main”中console.updateNamespace('myVar1' : app, 'myVar2' : 1234)
语句的功能也很重要。
import sys, os
import traceback
from PyQt4 import QtCore
from PyQt4 import QtGui
class Console(QtGui.QPlainTextEdit):
def __init__(self, prompt='$> ', startup_message='', parent=None):
QtGui.QPlainTextEdit.__init__(self, parent)
self.prompt = prompt
self.history = []
self.namespace =
self.construct = []
self.setGeometry(50, 75, 600, 400)
self.setWordWrapMode(QtGui.QTextOption.WrapAnywhere)
self.setUndoRedoEnabled(False)
self.document().setDefaultFont(QtGui.QFont("monospace", 10, QtGui.QFont.Normal))
self.showMessage(startup_message)
def updateNamespace(self, namespace):
self.namespace.update(namespace)
def showMessage(self, message):
self.appendPlainText(message)
self.newPrompt()
def newPrompt(self):
if self.construct:
prompt = '.' * len(self.prompt)
else:
prompt = self.prompt
self.appendPlainText(prompt)
self.moveCursor(QtGui.QTextCursor.End)
def getCommand(self):
doc = self.document()
curr_line = unicode(doc.findBlockByLineNumber(doc.lineCount() - 1).text())
curr_line = curr_line.rstrip()
curr_line = curr_line[len(self.prompt):]
return curr_line
def setCommand(self, command):
if self.getCommand() == command:
return
self.moveCursor(QtGui.QTextCursor.End)
self.moveCursor(QtGui.QTextCursor.StartOfLine, QtGui.QTextCursor.KeepAnchor)
for i in range(len(self.prompt)):
self.moveCursor(QtGui.QTextCursor.Right, QtGui.QTextCursor.KeepAnchor)
self.textCursor().removeSelectedText()
self.textCursor().insertText(command)
self.moveCursor(QtGui.QTextCursor.End)
def getConstruct(self, command):
if self.construct:
prev_command = self.construct[-1]
self.construct.append(command)
if not prev_command and not command:
ret_val = '\n'.join(self.construct)
self.construct = []
return ret_val
else:
return ''
else:
if command and command[-1] == (':'):
self.construct.append(command)
return ''
else:
return command
def getHistory(self):
return self.history
def setHisory(self, history):
self.history = history
def addToHistory(self, command):
if command and (not self.history or self.history[-1] != command):
self.history.append(command)
self.history_index = len(self.history)
def getPrevHistoryEntry(self):
if self.history:
self.history_index = max(0, self.history_index - 1)
return self.history[self.history_index]
return ''
def getNextHistoryEntry(self):
if self.history:
hist_len = len(self.history)
self.history_index = min(hist_len, self.history_index + 1)
if self.history_index < hist_len:
return self.history[self.history_index]
return ''
def getCursorPosition(self):
return self.textCursor().columnNumber() - len(self.prompt)
def setCursorPosition(self, position):
self.moveCursor(QtGui.QTextCursor.StartOfLine)
for i in range(len(self.prompt) + position):
self.moveCursor(QtGui.QTextCursor.Right)
def runCommand(self):
command = self.getCommand()
self.addToHistory(command)
command = self.getConstruct(command)
if command:
tmp_stdout = sys.stdout
class stdoutProxy():
def __init__(self, write_func):
self.write_func = write_func
self.skip = False
def write(self, text):
if not self.skip:
stripped_text = text.rstrip('\n')
self.write_func(stripped_text)
QtCore.QCoreApplication.processEvents()
self.skip = not self.skip
sys.stdout = stdoutProxy(self.appendPlainText)
try:
try:
result = eval(command, self.namespace, self.namespace)
if result != None:
self.appendPlainText(repr(result))
except SyntaxError:
exec command in self.namespace
except SystemExit:
self.close()
except:
traceback_lines = traceback.format_exc().split('\n')
# Remove traceback mentioning this file, and a linebreak
for i in (3,2,1,-1):
traceback_lines.pop(i)
self.appendPlainText('\n'.join(traceback_lines))
sys.stdout = tmp_stdout
self.newPrompt()
def keyPressEvent(self, event):
if event.key() in (QtCore.Qt.Key_Enter, QtCore.Qt.Key_Return):
self.runCommand()
return
if event.key() == QtCore.Qt.Key_Home:
self.setCursorPosition(0)
return
if event.key() == QtCore.Qt.Key_PageUp:
return
elif event.key() in (QtCore.Qt.Key_Left, QtCore.Qt.Key_Backspace):
if self.getCursorPosition() == 0:
return
elif event.key() == QtCore.Qt.Key_Up:
self.setCommand(self.getPrevHistoryEntry())
return
elif event.key() == QtCore.Qt.Key_Down:
self.setCommand(self.getNextHistoryEntry())
return
elif event.key() == QtCore.Qt.Key_D and event.modifiers() == QtCore.Qt.ControlModifier:
self.close()
super(Console, self).keyPressEvent(event)
welcome_message = '''
---------------------------------------------------------------
Welcome to a primitive Python interpreter.
---------------------------------------------------------------
'''
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
console = Console(startup_message=welcome_message)
console.updateNamespace('myVar1' : app, 'myVar2' : 1234)
console.show();
sys.exit(app.exec_())
【问题讨论】:
google 的第一个结果:doc.trolltech.com/qq/qq23-pythonqt.html,第二个结果:wiki.python.org/moin/EmbedingPyQtTutorial。这些符合您的需求吗?再次:***.com/questions/2742636/… 不,我的应用程序是用 Python 编写的。这些页面涉及在 python 中包装 C(++) 应用程序并将 python 嵌入到 C(++) 应用程序中。 请忘记我之前的评论 【参考方案1】:我知道有点晚,但我推荐 code.InteractiveConsole 类:http://docs.python.org/py3k/library/code.html#code.InteractiveConsole
【讨论】:
我认为这是正确的答案。 InteractiveConsole 将允许您通过传递这些变量的字典来定义其本地名称空间中的变量。 i = InteractiveConsole(locals=locals())【参考方案2】:您可能会考虑在打印大循环时使用线程来保持 UI 响应。这也有助于保持您的回溯干净。
将变量保存在 dict 中是可行的方法 - 这是 Python 本身在内部所做的。 至于暴露其中的“一些,但不是全部”,请考虑将它们全部暴露。容易得多。如果您担心安全性,请注意您无法在 Python 中可靠地隐藏任何内容。
至于可怕的光标/文本操作:利用您拥有 GUI 的事实。 使用终端,您只有一个“文本框”,但在 Qt 中,拥有一个日志/结果视图和一个单独的命令框可能更合适。
日志视图将在只读文本框中显示输入的命令和结果。
命令文本框可以让您干净地输入命令。
这种方法在一些 Web 框架中使用——例如通过WebError:
【讨论】:
屏幕截图链接已损坏。还可以考虑将图片直接嵌入到您的答案文本中,而不是链接。 感谢您告诉我!我找到了一个新的截图,希望它也能传达信息。【参考方案3】:我的代码更新版本的初稿以支持 IPython 0.13
'''
Created on 18-03-2012
@author: Paweł Jarosz
'''
import os, sys
import atexit
from PySide import QtCore, QtGui
from IPython.zmq.ipkernel import IPKernelApp
from IPython.lib.kernel import find_connection_file, connect_qtconsole
from IPython.frontend.qt.kernelmanager import QtKernelManager
from IPython.frontend.qt.console.rich_ipython_widget import RichIPythonWidget
from IPython.config.application import catch_config_error
class IPythonLocalKernelApp(IPKernelApp):
"""IPython kernel application with nonblocking loop, running in dedicated thread.
example:
app = QtGui.QApplication([])
kernelapp = IPythonLocalKernelApp.instance()
kernelapp.start()
namespace = kernelapp.get_user_namespace()
namespace["QtGui"]=QtGui
namespace["QtCore"]=QtCore
app.exec_()"""
#DEFAULT_INSTANCE_ARGS starting commandline
DEFAULT_INSTANCE_ARGS = ['qtconsole','--pylab=inline', '--colors=linux']
@catch_config_error
def initialize(self, argv=None):
super(IPythonLocalKernelApp, self).initialize(argv)
self.kernel.eventloop = self.loop_qt4_nonblocking
def loop_qt4_nonblocking(self, kernel):
"""Non-blocking version of the ipython qt4 kernel loop"""
kernel.timer = QtCore.QTimer()
kernel.timer.timeout.connect(kernel.do_one_iteration)
kernel.timer.start(1000*kernel._poll_interval)
def start(self, argv=DEFAULT_INSTANCE_ARGS):
"""Starts IPython kernel app
argv: arguments passed to kernel
"""
self.initialize(argv)
#self.heartbeat.start()
#if self.poller is not None:
# self.poller.start()
self.kernel.start()
super(IPythonLocalKernelApp, self).start()
def get_connection_file(self):
"""Returne current kernel connection file."""
return self.connection_file
def get_user_namespace(self):
"""Returns current kernel userspace dict"""
return self.kernel.shell.user_ns
class IPythonConsoleQtWidget(RichIPythonWidget):
"""Ipython console Qt4+ widget
Usage example:
app = QtGui.QApplication([])
kernelapp = IPythonLocalKernelApp.instance()
kernelapp.start()
namespace = kernelapp.get_user_namespace()
widget = IPythonConsoleQtWidget()
widget.set_default_style(colors='linux')
widget.connect_kernel(connection_file=kernelapp.get_connection_file())
# if you won't to connect to remote kernel:
widget.connect_kernel(connection_file='kernel-16098.json')
widget.show()
namespace["widget"] = widget
namespace["QtGui"]=QtGui
namespace["QtCore"]=QtCore
app.exec_()"""
_connection_file = None
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
RichIPythonWidget.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
self._existing = True
self._may_close = False
self._confirm_exit = False
def _init_kernel_manager(self):
km = QtKernelManager(connection_file=self._connection_file, config=self.config)
km.load_connection_file()
km.start_channels(hb=self._heartbeat)
self.kernel_manager = km
atexit.register(self.kernel_manager.cleanup_connection_file)
def connect_kernel(self, connection_file, heartbeat=False):
"""Connect's to ipython kernel.
connection_file - connection file to use
heartbeat - should start heartbeat server? Workaround for problems with inproc embedded kernels
(right click save image as/save as html kills kernel heartbeat/pool(??) serwer """
self._heartbeat = heartbeat
if os.path.exists(connection_file):
self._connection_file = connection_file
else:
self._connection_file = find_connection_file(connection_file)
self._init_kernel_manager()
app = QtGui.QApplication([])
kernelapp = IPythonLocalKernelApp.instance()
kernelapp.start()
namespace = kernelapp.get_user_namespace()
widget = IPythonConsoleQtWidget()
widget.set_default_style(colors='linux')
widget.connect_kernel(connection_file=kernelapp.get_connection_file())
# if you won't to connect to remote kernel:
# widget.connect_kernel(connection_file='kernel-16098.json')
widget.show()
namespace["widget"] = widget
namespace["QtGui"]=QtGui
namespace["QtCore"]=QtCore
app.exec_()
【讨论】:
顺便说一句...右键单击另存为 HTML 的问题现在已经消失了;)。随意测试它。【参考方案4】:不确定您到底想要什么,但尝试将小部件内容保存到一个临时文件中并使用 Popen 将其传递给标准 python 解释器?
文档在这里:http://docs.python.org/release/2.6.5/library/subprocess.html#subprocess.Popen
例子:
import tempfile, os, sys, subprocess
# get the code
code = get_widget_content()
# save the code to a temporary file
file_handle, file_path = tempfile.mkstemp()
tmp_file = os.fdopen(file_handle, 'w')
tmp_file.write(code)
tmp_file.close()
#execute it
p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, file_path], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
# wait for the command to complete
p.wait()
# retrieve the output:
pyerr = p.stderr.readlines()
pyout = p.stdout.readlines()
# do what ever you want with it
print(pyerr)
print(pyout)
【讨论】:
【参考方案5】:听起来你做了一些类似于我的 Veusz 应用程序https://veusz.github.io/。我认为您可能会发现查看更完整的实现很有用。我不能发布超链接,但可以查看小部件类的 windows/consolewindow.py。命令由 document/commandinterpreter.py 类执行。该接口在 document/commandinterface.py 中定义。然而,它主要是通过操纵一个 dict 来完成的。
【讨论】:
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