在django中，如何读取表单数据，执行操作，然后存储到数据库中？

Posted 2023-02-26

【中文标题】在django中，如何读取表单数据，执行操作，然后存储到数据库中？

【英文标题】：In django,How to read form data, perform operation and then store in database?

【发布时间】：2014-09-24 05:51:01

【问题描述】：

这是我的模型：

class Expense(models.Model):   
     Item= models.CharField(max_length=100)
     description= models.CharField(max_length=1000)
     Amount=models.DecimalField(max_digits=18, decimal_places=2, default=0)
     date = models.DateField(default=date.today())
     category = models.ForeignKey(ExpenseCategory) # either expense or income

我想编写一个代码来读取 html 表单上 textarea 中的值

"Vegitable 10kg 100 Taxi 10kms 200 mobile  brothers 200  clothes 2shirts 1500.50"

然后我会将其拆分为不同的列表（我为此编写了代码）：

item=[vegitable,Taxi,mobile,clothes]
description = [10kg,10kms,brothes,2shirts]
amount=[100,200,200,1500.50]

现在我想编写一个代码来将上面的列表（04 条记录）连同日期和类别一起存储到上面的模型（实际上是数据库）中。数据库必须如下所示。

Item        description Amount    date     category
____________________________________________________
Vegitable    10kg        100    28/09/2014   expense
Taxi         10kms       200    28/09/2014   expense 
mobile       brothers    200    28/09/2014   expense
clothes      2shirts    1500.50 28/09/2014   expense

注意：这里的日期是今天的日期，类别是费用

【参考方案1】：

经过一些适当的python格式化后，数据如下所示：

item=['vegitable','Taxi','mobile','clothes']
amount=[100,200,200,1500.50]
description = ['10kg','10kms','brothes','2shirts']

根据您的模型重新排列数据：

import datetime
from decimal import Decimal as D

category = ExpenseCategory.objects.get(name='expense')

rows = map(lambda i,a,d: 'Item':i, 'Amount':D(a), 'description':d, item, amount, description)

for row in rows:
    expense = Expense(**row)
    expense.category = category
    expense.date = datetime.datetime.now()
    expense.save()

更新：

集成取决于您的表单处理：

把数据的格式放在Form.clean:

class ExpensesForm(forms.Form):
    def clean(self):
        cleaned_data = super(ExpensesForm, self).clean()
        # Your code for splitting things up goes here
        cleaned_data['expenses'] = map(lambda i,a,d: 'Item':i, 'Amount':D(a), 'description':d, item, amount, description)
        return cleaned_data

在你看来你可以做某事。像这样：

def my_view(request):
    ...
    if form.is_valid()
        for row in form.cleaned_data['expenses']:
            expense = Expense(**row)
            expense.category = category
            expense.date = datetime.datetime.now()
            expense.save()
    ...

【讨论】：

谢谢你的回答......你能告诉我在哪里插入这个代码......我是 django 的新手......我很感谢你的宝贵想法和时间.....

每一个很好的行都有正确的数据但数据库没有更新:(

is_valid() 缺少 1 个必需的位置参数：'self' ........这是我遇到的错误

非常感谢@tc77 我终于完成了任务我已经写了一个单独的答案

【参考方案2】：

def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
    category = ExpenseCategory.objects.get(description='expense')
    # code for split
    str=self.description
    lis=str.split()
    description=lis[0::3]
    item=lis[1::3]
    amount=lis[2::3]


    rows = map(lambda d,a: 'description':d,'amount':D(a), description, amount )

    for row in rows:
        print("I am in start of for")
        expense = Expense(**row)
        expense.category = category
        expense.date = self.date
        print("%s %s %s %s" % (self.description, self.amount,self.category,self.date))
        print("%s %s %s %s" % (expense.description, expense.amount,expense.category,expense.date))
        expense.save()
        #super(Blog, self).save(*args, **kwargs) # Call the "real" save() method
        super(Expense, expense).save(*args, **kwargs) # Call the "real" save() method
        print("I am in end of for")

上面的代码我已经写在models.py中了