chromedriver 在前台运行的 windows jenkins slave 上失败

Posted 2023-02-26

【中文标题】chromedriver 在前台运行的 windows jenkins slave 上失败

【英文标题】：chromedriver fails on windows jenkins slave running in foreground

【发布时间】：2016-12-22 04:08:26

【问题描述】：

有没有什么技巧可以让 Win Jenkins slave 使用 chromedriver？

我的测试从 maven 存储库中提取 chromedriver 和便携式 chrome，然后执行它们。在我的本地以及当我的构建用户在我的构建系统上执行相同操作时工作正常。

当 jenkins 做同样的事情时，即使在前台（不是 svc）运行时，它也会失败并出现以下错误。我尝试通过参数来提高详细程度，但无济于事。

org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException：未知错误：Chrome 启动失败：正常退出 （驱动程序信息：chromedriver=2.23.409699 (49b0fa931cda1caad0ae15b7d1b68004acd05129),platform=Windows NT 6.1.7601 SP1 x86_64）（警告：服务器未提供任何堆栈跟踪信息） 命令持续时间或超时：62.63 秒 构建信息：版本：'2.41.0'，修订：'3192d8a6c4449dc285928ba024779344f5423c58'，时间：'2014-03-27 11:29:39' 系统信息：主机：'winengbld15'，ip：'10.2.2.105'，os.name：'Windows Server 2008 R2'，os.arch：'amd64'，os.version：'6.1'，java.version：'1.8 .0_40' 驱动程序信息：org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver 在 sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) 在 sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62) 在 sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) 在 java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:422) 在 org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable(ErrorHandler.java:193) 在 org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed(ErrorHandler.java:145) 在 org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute（RemoteWebDriver.java:595） 在 org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:240) 在 org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.startSession(ChromeDriver.java:181) 在 org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.(RemoteWebDriver.java:126) 在 org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.(RemoteWebDriver.java:139) 在 org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.(ChromeDriver.java:160) 在 org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.(ChromeDriver.java:128)

我是这样设置 Chrome 驱动的：

defaultPath = "target/drivers/chromedriver.exe";
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", defaultPath);
ChromeLocator locator = new ChromeLocator();
driver = new ChromeDriver(locator.getCapabilities());

public class ChromeLocator 
  private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ChromeLocator.class);

  /**
   * Obtain Chrome Configuration with location of binary
   * @return
   * @throws IOException 
   */
  public DesiredCapabilities getCapabilities() throws IOException 
    Map<String, Object> chromeOptions = new HashMap<String, Object>();
    chromeOptions.put("binary", getChromeExecutableLocation().getAbsolutePath());

    DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
    capabilities.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, chromeOptions);

    return capabilities;
  

  // Windows defaults to unpacked location
  private File getChromeExecutableLocation() throws IOException 

    File chromeExe;

    if (SystemUtils.IS_OS_WINDOWS) 
      chromeExe = new File(System.getProperty("win.google.chrome.bin"));  
      log.info("*** win.google.chrome.bin: " + System.getProperty("win.google.chrome.bin"));
     else 
      // Use the standard locator option for all other operating systems
      GoogleChromeLocator locator = new GoogleChromeLocator();
      BrowserInstallation installation = locator.findBrowserLocationOrFail();
      chromeExe = new File(installation.launcherFilePath());
    
    log.info("Chrome Exe: " + chromeExe.getAbsolutePath() + " Is File: " + chromeExe.isFile());
    if (! chromeExe.exists() || ! chromeExe.isFile()) 
      throw new IOException("Cannot locate Chrome Executable.  Expected Location: " + chromeExe.getAbsolutePath());
    
    return chromeExe;
  

【参考方案1】：

我们有几个问题，关键似乎是 Chrome 的无沙盒选项。下面是一个适用于桌面和在前台或通过服务运行的 jenkins slave 的解决方案。

第一部分：Chrome 和驱动程序的 Maven 解包

下载 PortableApps GoogleChrome 安装 将目录重命名为通用名称 (GoogleChrome) 压缩目录 添加到存储库管理器

设置 maven-dependency-plugin 执行以解包

  <plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8</version>
<executions>
 <execution>
   <id>extract portable google chrome</id>
   <phase>process-test-resources</phase>
   <goals>
     <goal>unpack</goal>
   </goals>
   <configuration>
     <skip>$skipWinChromeUnpack</skip>
     <markersDirectory>$project.build.directory/dependency-maven-plugin-markers/googlechrome</markersDirectory>
     <overWriteIfNewer>false</overWriteIfNewer>
     <artifactItems>
       <artifactItem>
          <groupId>com.google.chromium</groupId>
          <artifactId>chromedriver</artifactId>
          <version>$win.chromedriver.version</version>                
          <classifier>win32</classifier>
          <type>zip</type>
        <outputDirectory>$project.build.directory</outputDirectory>
       </artifactItem>
       <artifactItem>
          <groupId>com.portableapps</groupId>
          <artifactId>googlechrome</artifactId>
          <version>$win.chrome.version</version>
          <classifier>win64</classifier>
          <type>zip</type>
        <outputDirectory>$project.build.directory</outputDirectory>
       </artifactItem>
     </artifactItems>
   </configuration>
 </execution>         

结果 在测试执行时，我们有 target/chromedriver.exe 和 target/GooglePortable/Google...exe 文件可供使用

第二部分：Maven Surefire 配置

我们为驱动程序和 chrome exe 的位置设置系统属性以传递给所有单元测试

        <systemPropertyVariables>
          <webdriver.chrome.driver>$project.build.directory/chromedriver.exe</webdriver.chrome.driver>
          <win.google.chrome.bin>$win.chrome.exe</win.google.chrome.bin>  
        </systemPropertyVariables>

第三部分：测试代码

我们使用 chrome 驱动程序服务构建器将详细程度设置为 11，并使用我们最喜欢的功能启动驱动程序

public class ChromeLocator 
    private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(ChromeLocator.class);

/**
 * Obtain Chrome Configuration with location of binary
 * @return
 * @throws IOException
 */
public DesiredCapabilities getCapabilities() throws IOException 
    ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
    chromeOptions.setBinary(getChromeExecutableLocation().getAbsolutePath());
    chromeOptions.addArguments("no-sandbox");
    DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();
    capabilities.setCapability(ChromeOptions.CAPABILITY, chromeOptions);


    return capabilities;


// Windows defaults to unpacked location
private File getChromeExecutableLocation() throws IOException 

    File chromeExe;

    if (SystemUtils.IS_OS_WINDOWS) 
        chromeExe = new File(System.getProperty("win.google.chrome.bin"));
     else 
        // Use the standard locator option for all other operating systems
        GoogleChromeLocator locator = new GoogleChromeLocator();
        BrowserInstallation installation = locator.findBrowserLocationOrFail();
        chromeExe = new File(installation.launcherFilePath());
    
    System.out.println("Chrome Exe: " + chromeExe.getAbsolutePath() + " Is File: " + chromeExe.isFile());
    if (! chromeExe.exists() || ! chromeExe.isFile()) 
        throw new IOException("Cannot locate Chrome Executable.  Expected Location: " + chromeExe.getAbsolutePath());
    
    return chromeExe;

public class WebTest


static ChromeDriverService service = null;
static WebDriver driver = null;

@BeforeClass
static public void setupOnce() throws IOException 

    // Setup ChromeDriver with Verbosity on - perhaps control via system property - off by default?
    service = new ChromeDriverService.Builder()
            .withVerbose(true)
            .usingAnyFreePort()
            .build();

    service.start();

    // Setup locator to find unpacked Portable chrome exe
    ChromeLocator locator = new ChromeLocator();

    // Use service + capabilities from locator to open driver with settings and chrome bin
    driver = new RemoteWebDriver(service.getUrl(), locator.getCapabilities());


@AfterClass
static public void teardownOnce() 
    if (null != service) 
        service.stop();
        service = null;
    

@Test
public void testGoogleSearch() throws InterruptedException, IOException 
    driver.get("http://www.google.com/xhtml");
    assertEquals("Google", driver.getTitle());

    WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.name("q"));
    String searchString = "ChromeDriver";
    searchBox.sendKeys(searchString);
    searchBox.submit();

    String source = driver.getPageSource().toString();
    assertTrue("Expected DOCTYPE in\n" + source,
            source.contains("DOCTYPE"));
    driver.quit();
    service.stop();