如何在静态方法或自定义类中注入 HttpClient?
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【中文标题】如何在静态方法或自定义类中注入 HttpClient?【英文标题】:How to inject HttpClient in static method or custom class? 【发布时间】:2018-09-05 13:40:41 【问题描述】:我想在静态方法或类中使用角度HttpClient
(在类中它不能定义为构造函数参数)。
我尝试了类似的方法:
export class SomeNotInjectableService
static doSomething()
const injector = Injector.create(
providers: [provide: HttpClient, deps:[]]
);
const httpClient: HttpClient = injector.get(HttpClient);
httpClient.request(...); // error Cannot read property 'handle' of undefined
这是在静态服务方法中手动注入客户端的尝试。不工作。我很好奇如何做到这一点,或者如何在普通方法中注入客户端,但在一个不是组件的类中。
【问题讨论】:
你总是可以避免使用静态方法... 仍然,问题是如何在普通方法中注入 HttpClient,但使用注入器而不是构造函数。上述解决方案可行吗? 你还需要在静态方法中注入Injector :) 我找不到解决方案。请帮帮我.. 【参考方案1】:我不确定为什么它不能按照您尝试的方式工作(可能是在您创建注入器时缺少某些东西),但如果您使用“注入”注入器,它就可以工作
如果您查看引发错误的源代码,您会发现它提到了请求的处理程序,在您的示例中这似乎为空。当 HttpClient 以“传统”方式提供时,也许 Angular 会注册一些内部处理程序,但不是您这样做的方式
// Start with an Observable.of() the initial request, and run the handler (which
// includes all interceptors) inside a concatMap(). This way, the handler runs
// inside an Observable chain, which causes interceptors to be re-run on every
// subscription (this also makes retries re-run the handler, including interceptors).
var /** @type ? */ events$ = rxjs_operator_concatMap.concatMap.call(rxjs_observable_of.of(req), function (req) return _this.handler.handle(req); );
解决方法:
app.module.ts
import Injector from '@angular/core';
export let InjectorInstance: Injector;
export class AppModule
constructor(private injector: Injector)
InjectorInstance = this.injector;
你的静态类/方法
import InjectorInstance from './app.module';
export class SomeNotInjectableService
static doSomething()
/* const injector = Injector.create(
providers: [provide: HttpClient, deps:[]]
);
const httpClient: HttpClient = injector.get(HttpClient);
*/
const httpClient = InjectorInstance.get<HttpClient>(HttpClient);
httpClient.request(...)...
Stackblitz 示例: https://stackblitz.com/edit/angular-li8b37?file=app%2Fapp.component.ts
【讨论】:
这是唯一的解决方案吗?如果我想将其编写为独立库并避免在任何组件/服务中声明任何内容怎么办?这只是一个例子。您的解决方案让我非常满意,但也许还有其他选择。 @elzoy 抱歉,我不太确定。也许将 httpClient 实例传递给您的静态方法作为解决方法? 这是给 httpclient 的。如果我们在这个自定义类中包含大量可注入服务怎么办。【参考方案2】:如果您没有注射器,您也可以跳过注射器。这意味着自己进行“注射”。我不建议这样做。如果您真的想使用静态方法(支持适当的服务),请传递所有需要的东西。
我不确定这是否还不是很明显,但是这个 httpClient 管道中会丢失任何 HTTP 拦截器,因为没有办法解决它们。
import HttpClient, HttpXhrBackend from '@angular/common/http';
const httpClient = new HttpClient(new HttpXhrBackend( build: () => new XMLHttpRequest() ));
httpClient.get('test').subscribe(r => console.log(r));
或使用您自己创建的注入器(如果您不喜欢传递 ctor args):
const injector = Injector.create(
providers: [
provide: HttpClient, deps: [HttpHandler] ,
provide: HttpHandler, useValue: new HttpXhrBackend( build: () => new XMLHttpRequest ) ,
],
);
const httpClient: HttpClient = injector.get(HttpClient);
httpClient.get('test').subscribe(r => console.log(r));
【讨论】:
【参考方案3】:基于安德鲁的回答。 如果您想在此 httpClient 管道中使用拦截器,请从 angular repo http/src/interceptor.ts 和 http/src/module.ts 添加两个重新定义的类:
class HttpInterceptorHandler implements HttpHandler
constructor(private next: HttpHandler, private interceptor: HttpInterceptor)
handle(req: HttpRequest<any>): Observable<HttpEvent<any>>
return this.interceptor.intercept(req, this.next);
class HttpInterceptingHandler implements HttpHandler
private chain: HttpHandler|null = null;
private httpBackend:HttpHandler;
constructor(private injector: Injector)
this.httpBackend = new HttpXhrBackend( build: () => new XMLHttpRequest );
handle(req: HttpRequest<any>): Observable<HttpEvent<any>>
if (this.chain === null)
const interceptors = this.injector.get(HTTP_INTERCEPTORS, []);
this.chain = interceptors.reduceRight((next, interceptor) => new HttpInterceptorHandler(next,interceptor),this.httpBackend);
return this.chain.handle(req);
拦截器需要没有@Injectable 装饰器:
class HttpIntersept implements HttpInterceptor
intercept(req: HttpRequest<any>, next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>>
console.log(req.urlWithParams);
return next.handle(req)
就像安德鲁所说的那样
const injector = Injector.create(
providers: [
provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS, useClass: HttpIntersept, multi: true, deps: [],
provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS, useClass: HttpIntersept2, multi: true, deps: [],
provide: HttpHandler, useClass:HttpInterceptingHandler,deps [Injector,HTTP_INTERCEPTORS],
provide: HttpClient, deps: [HttpHandler]
],
);
【讨论】:
【参考方案4】:将需要的服务/对象作为参数传递会很有帮助。此外,它还有助于测试和代码“可读性”。以下解决方案适用于您尝试注入的任何类型的对象。而且,至少,您可以在需要的地方/时间注入它。调用对象负责注入需要的对象。
export class SomeNotInjectableService
static doSomething(injected: any)
httpClient = injected as HttpClient;
if(httpClient)
httpClient.get(...);
然后在你的调用组件或服务中,像这样使用它
...
export class MyService/*or MyComponent*/
constructor(private http: HttpClient)
doTheThing()
SomeNotInjectableService.doSomething(this.http)/*...subscribe()*/;
【讨论】:
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