(Presto) 窗口函数“OVER”子句中“ROWS BETWEEN”和“RANGE BETWEEN”的区别
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【中文标题】(Presto) 窗口函数“OVER”子句中“ROWS BETWEEN”和“RANGE BETWEEN”的区别【英文标题】:Difference between "ROWS BETWEEN" and "RANGE BETWEEN" in (Presto) window function "OVER" clause 【发布时间】:2020-06-03 17:49:01 【问题描述】:这个问题主要是关于 PrestoSQL 的旧版本,这些问题已经在(现在更名的)Trino 项目中解决了 346. 然而,亚马逊的 Athena 项目基于 Presto 版本 0.217(Athena 引擎 2)和 0.172(Athena 引擎 1),它们确实存在下述问题。这个问题是专门围绕 Athena Engine 1 / PrestoSQL 版本 0.172 编写的
问题(tl;dr)
-
Presto 窗口函数中的
ROWS BETWEEN
和RANGE BETWEEN
有什么区别?
这些只是彼此的同义词,还是存在核心概念差异?
如果它们只是同义词,为什么ROWS BETWEEN
允许的选项比RANGE BETWEEN
多?
是否存在可以在ROWS BETWEEN
和RANGE BETWEEN
上使用完全相同的参数并获得不同结果的查询场景?
如果只使用unbounded
/current row
,是否存在使用RANGE
而不是ROWS
(反之亦然)的情况?
既然ROWS
有更多选项,为什么文档中根本没有提到呢? o_O
评论
presto documentation 甚至对RANGE
都相当安静,并且没有提及ROWS
。我没有在 Presto 中找到很多关于窗口函数的讨论或示例。我开始设置 Presto 代码库来尝试解决这个问题。希望有人能把我从这件事中解救出来,我们可以一起改进文档。
Presto 代码有a parser 和test cases 用于ROWS
变体,但有no mention in the documentation 和ROWS
。
我发现ROWS
和RANGE
的test cases 没有测试两种语法之间的任何不同。
它们几乎看起来像同义词,但在我的测试中它们的行为确实不同,并且具有不同的 allowed parameters 和 validation rules。
以下示例可以使用运行 Presto 0.213-e-0.1 的 starburstdata/presto Docker 映像运行。通常我通过 Amazon Athena 运行 Presto 0.172,并且几乎总是最终使用 ROWS
。
范围
RANGE 似乎仅限于“UNBOUNDED”和“CURRENT ROW”。以下返回错误:
range between 1 preceding and 1 following
use tpch.tiny;
select custkey, orderdate,
array_agg(orderdate) over (
partition by custkey
order by orderdate asc
range between 1 preceding and 1 following
) previous_orders
from orders where custkey in (419, 320) and orderdate < date('1996-01-01')
order by custkey, orderdate asc;
错误:
Window frame RANGE PRECEDING is only supported with UNBOUNDED
以下范围语法可以正常工作(预期不同的结果)。 以下所有示例均基于上述查询,只是更改了范围
range between unbounded preceding and current row
custkey | orderdate | previous_orders
---------+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
320 | 1992-07-10 | [1992-07-10]
320 | 1992-07-30 | [1992-07-10, 1992-07-30]
320 | 1994-07-08 | [1992-07-10, 1992-07-30, 1994-07-08]
320 | 1994-08-04 | [1992-07-10, 1992-07-30, 1994-07-08, 1994-08-04]
320 | 1994-09-18 | [1992-07-10, 1992-07-30, 1994-07-08, 1994-08-04, 1994-09-18]
320 | 1994-10-12 | [1992-07-10, 1992-07-30, 1994-07-08, 1994-08-04, 1994-09-18, 1994-10-12]
419 | 1992-03-16 | [1992-03-16]
419 | 1993-12-29 | [1992-03-16, 1993-12-29]
419 | 1995-01-30 | [1992-03-16, 1993-12-29, 1995-01-30]
range between current row and unbounded following
custkey | orderdate | previous_orders
---------+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
320 | 1992-07-10 | [1992-07-10, 1992-07-30, 1994-07-08, 1994-08-04, 1994-09-18, 1994-10-12]
320 | 1992-07-30 | [1992-07-30, 1994-07-08, 1994-08-04, 1994-09-18, 1994-10-12]
320 | 1994-07-08 | [1994-07-08, 1994-08-04, 1994-09-18, 1994-10-12]
320 | 1994-08-04 | [1994-08-04, 1994-09-18, 1994-10-12]
320 | 1994-09-18 | [1994-09-18, 1994-10-12]
320 | 1994-10-12 | [1994-10-12]
419 | 1992-03-16 | [1992-03-16, 1993-12-29, 1995-01-30]
419 | 1993-12-29 | [1993-12-29, 1995-01-30]
419 | 1995-01-30 | [1995-01-30]
无限前导和无限后继之间的范围
custkey | orderdate | previous_orders
---------+------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
320 | 1992-07-10 | [1992-07-10, 1992-07-30, 1994-07-08, 1994-08-04, 1994-09-18, 1994-10-12]
320 | 1992-07-30 | [1992-07-10, 1992-07-30, 1994-07-08, 1994-08-04, 1994-09-18, 1994-10-12]
320 | 1994-07-08 | [1992-07-10, 1992-07-30, 1994-07-08, 1994-08-04, 1994-09-18, 1994-10-12]
320 | 1994-08-04 | [1992-07-10, 1992-07-30, 1994-07-08, 1994-08-04, 1994-09-18, 1994-10-12]
320 | 1994-09-18 | [1992-07-10, 1992-07-30, 1994-07-08, 1994-08-04, 1994-09-18, 1994-10-12]
320 | 1994-10-12 | [1992-07-10, 1992-07-30, 1994-07-08, 1994-08-04, 1994-09-18, 1994-10-12]
419 | 1992-03-16 | [1992-03-16, 1993-12-29, 1995-01-30]
419 | 1993-12-29 | [1992-03-16, 1993-12-29, 1995-01-30]
419 | 1995-01-30 | [1992-03-16, 1993-12-29, 1995-01-30]
行
RANGE
的三个工作示例都适用于ROWS
,并产生相同的输出。
rows between unbounded preceding and current row
rows between current row and unbounded following
rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following
输出省略 - 与上面相同
但是,ROWS
允许更多的控制,因为您也可以执行上述 range
失败的语法:
rows between 1 preceding and 1 following
custkey | orderdate | previous_orders
---------+------------+--------------------------------------
320 | 1992-07-10 | [1992-07-10, 1992-07-30]
320 | 1992-07-30 | [1992-07-10, 1992-07-30, 1994-07-08]
320 | 1994-07-08 | [1992-07-30, 1994-07-08, 1994-08-04]
320 | 1994-08-04 | [1994-07-08, 1994-08-04, 1994-09-18]
320 | 1994-09-18 | [1994-08-04, 1994-09-18, 1994-10-12]
320 | 1994-10-12 | [1994-09-18, 1994-10-12]
419 | 1992-03-16 | [1992-03-16, 1993-12-29]
419 | 1993-12-29 | [1992-03-16, 1993-12-29, 1995-01-30]
419 | 1995-01-30 | [1993-12-29, 1995-01-30]
rows between current row and 1 following
custkey | orderdate | previous_orders
---------+------------+--------------------------
320 | 1992-07-10 | [1992-07-10, 1992-07-30]
320 | 1992-07-30 | [1992-07-30, 1994-07-08]
320 | 1994-07-08 | [1994-07-08, 1994-08-04]
320 | 1994-08-04 | [1994-08-04, 1994-09-18]
320 | 1994-09-18 | [1994-09-18, 1994-10-12]
320 | 1994-10-12 | [1994-10-12]
419 | 1992-03-16 | [1992-03-16, 1993-12-29]
419 | 1993-12-29 | [1993-12-29, 1995-01-30]
419 | 1995-01-30 | [1995-01-30]
rows between 5 preceding and 2 preceding
custkey | orderdate | previous_orders
---------+------------+--------------------------------------------------
320 | 1992-07-10 | NULL
320 | 1992-07-30 | NULL
320 | 1994-07-08 | [1992-07-10]
320 | 1994-08-04 | [1992-07-10, 1992-07-30]
320 | 1994-09-18 | [1992-07-10, 1992-07-30, 1994-07-08]
320 | 1994-10-12 | [1992-07-10, 1992-07-30, 1994-07-08, 1994-08-04]
419 | 1992-03-16 | NULL
419 | 1993-12-29 | NULL
419 | 1995-01-30 | [1992-03-16]
【问题讨论】:
range
用于定义覆盖the last 6 months
之类的内容的窗口,无论包含多少行。但我不知道 Presto。
@a_horse_with_no_name 所以听起来其他 SQL 引擎/语法允许 RANGE
基于列值,Presto 似乎不支持。如果是这种情况,那么 Presto 应该更倾向于记录 ROWS
函数,因为这基本上就是它所支持的全部内容。这确实是有道理的——“UNBOUNDED”在两种情况下都是一样的。
解释见这里:modern-sql.com/blog/2019-02/postgresql-11#over
sqlitetutorial.net/sqlite-window-functions/sqlite-window-frame SQLite 的这个解释也非常符合 Presto 的使用行为。
只是想插话并感谢您的体贴、勤奋和对本文清晰度的承诺。这是我们在拼命寻找 SO 时都希望找到的“宝石”之一。赞一个!
【参考方案1】:
ROWS
实际上是您要聚合的前后的行数。所以ORDER BY day ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING
会以 3 行结束:curnet 行前 1 行和后 1 行,无论 orderdate 的值如何。
RANGE
将查看 orderdate 的值,并决定哪些应该聚合,哪些不应该聚合。所以ORDER BY day RANGE BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING
理论上会占用所有值为 orderdate-1、orderdate 和 orderdate+1 的行——这可能超过 3 行(参见更多解释 here)
在 Presto 中,ROWS
已完全实现,但 RANGE
不知何故仅部分实现,您只能与 CURRENT ROW
和 UNBOUNDED
一起使用。
注意: Trino (formerly known as Presto SQL) 的最新版本已完整 支持
RANGE
和GROUPS
框架。见this blog post 解释它们的工作原理。
在 Presto 中,要查看两者之间的差异,最好的方法是确保 order 子句的值相同:
WITH
tt1 (custkey, orderdate, product) AS
( SELECT * FROM ( VALUES ('a','1992-07-10', 3), ('a','1993-08-10', 4), ('a','1994-07-13', 5), ('a','1995-09-13', 5), ('a','1995-09-13', 9), ('a','1997-01-13', 4),
('b','1992-07-10', 6), ('b','1992-07-10', 4), ('b','1994-07-13', 5), ('b','1994-07-13', 9), ('b','1998-11-11', 9) ) )
SELECT *,
array_agg(product) OVER (partition by custkey) c,
array_agg(product) OVER (partition by custkey order by orderdate) c_order,
array_agg(product) OVER (partition by custkey order by orderdate RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) range_ubub,
array_agg(product) OVER (partition by custkey order by orderdate ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) rows_ubub,
array_agg(product) OVER (partition by custkey order by orderdate RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) range_ubc,
array_agg(product) OVER (partition by custkey order by orderdate ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) rows_ubc,
array_agg(product) OVER (partition by custkey order by orderdate RANGE BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) range_cub,
array_agg(product) OVER (partition by custkey order by orderdate ROWS BETWEEN CURRENT ROW AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) rows_cub,
-- array_agg(product) OVER (partition by custkey order by orderdate RANGE BETWEEN 2 PRECEDING AND 2 FOLLOWING) range22,
-- SYNTAX_ERROR: line 19:65: Window frame RANGE PRECEDING is only supported with UNBOUNDED
array_agg(product) OVER (partition by custkey order by orderdate ROWS BETWEEN 2 PRECEDING AND 2 FOLLOWING) rows22
from tt1
order by custkey, orderdate, product
您可以运行,查看完整结果,并从中学习..
这里只放一些有趣的专栏:
custkey orderdate product range_ubc rows_ubc
a 10/07/1992 3 [3] [3]
a 10/08/1993 4 [3, 4] [3, 4]
a 13/07/1994 5 [3, 4, 5] [3, 4, 5]
a 13/09/1995 5 [3, 4, 5, 5, 9] [3, 4, 5, 5]
a 13/09/1995 9 [3, 4, 5, 5, 9] [3, 4, 5, 5, 9]
a 13/01/1997 4 [3, 4, 5, 5, 9, 4] [3, 4, 5, 5, 9, 4]
b 10/07/1992 4 [6, 4] [6, 4]
b 10/07/1992 6 [6, 4] [6]
b 13/07/1994 5 [6, 4, 5, 9] [6, 4, 5]
b 13/07/1994 9 [6, 4, 5, 9] [6, 4, 5, 9]
b 11/11/1998 9 [6, 4, 5, 9, 9] [6, 4, 5, 9, 9]
如果您查看第 5 行:orderdate:13/09/1995, product:5
(注意:13/09/1995
出现 两次custkey:a
)您可以看到 ROWS
确实将所有行从顶部到当前行。但是,如果您查看 RANGE
,您会发现它还包含行 after 中的值,因为它具有完全相同的 orderdate
,因此它被 考虑窗口。
【讨论】:
谢谢!非常清楚:) 如果整个窗口已满,是否也可以只进行计算?或者您应该为此将其包装在case when
中吗? ://
谢谢。除了将其包装在 case when
.. 中之外,我不知道有任何其他方式
看到 Trino(以前的 Presto)更全面地实现了该功能,这令人鼓舞——谢谢。就上下文而言,亚马逊的 Athena 产品仍然基于 Presto 0.217(Athena 引擎 v2)或 Presto 0.172(Athena 引擎 v1)构建,因此 AWS Athena 的功能仍然有限。希望他们在 v3 引擎的版本中实现更大的飞跃,我们可以在那里看到这些增强功能。以上是关于(Presto) 窗口函数“OVER”子句中“ROWS BETWEEN”和“RANGE BETWEEN”的区别的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章