如何在 Powershell 中为“网络服务”帐户创建 Windows 服务？

Posted 2023-02-25

【中文标题】如何在 Powershell 中为“网络服务”帐户创建 Windows 服务？

【英文标题】：How to create a Windows Service in Powershell for "Network Service" account?

【发布时间】：2013-01-20 10:56:55

【问题描述】：

我想使用 Powershell 创建一个 Windows 服务。为给定的用户创建它是小菜一碟。我用这个函数改编自here。

function ReinstallService1 ($serviceName, $binaryPath, $login, $pass)
  
    Write-Host "installing service"
    # creating credentials which can be used to run my windows service
    $secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString $pass -AsPlainText -Force
    $mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($login, $secpasswd)

    # creating widnows service using all provided parameters
    New-Service -name $serviceName -binaryPathName $binaryPath -displayName $serviceName -startupType Automatic -credential $mycreds
    Write-Host "installation completed"

我的问题是：如何创建“网络服务”帐户？

如果我修改 New-Service 行并删除凭据参数，则会为 “本地系统” 帐户创建服务。差点错过。

New-Service -name $serviceName -binaryPathName $binaryPath -displayName $serviceName -startupType Automatic 

我在 Google 上搜索了很多，但没有发现任何指示服务帐户的方法。如果我尝试为用户 “NETWORK SSERVICE” 使用 Credential 参数，我不知道要输入什么密码，如果我发明了一个（以防 cmdlet 忽略它）它不起作用。错误是：

新服务：服务'XXXX（XXXX）' 由于以下错误无法创建：帐户名称是 无效或不存在，或该帐户的密码无效 指定名称

【问题讨论】：

您能分享您的确切新服务热线吗？当我使用这样的东西时： New-Service -name $serviceName -binaryPathName $path -displayName $serviceName -startupType Automatic -Credential "NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE" 我收到密码提示。

问题是您在 -Credential 中只传递了用户名。我的线路和你的一样，但我通过 -Credential $MyCreds $MyCreds value is: $MyCreds= $mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($login, $secpasswd) $login value is "NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE " $secpassword 可以是任何东西。

@Aniket，我已经在脚本的最终版本中添加了一个答案，所以你可以比我的评论更好地看到它......

【参考方案1】：

帐户的正确名称是NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE。

【讨论】：

不，这不是正确的名称，正确的名称取决于您正在执行的系统的语言，可以像这样找到：$SID = [System.Security.Principal.WellKnownSidType ]::NetworkServiceSid $Account = new-object system.security.principal.securityidentifier($SID, $null) $NetworkServiceName = $Account.Translate([system.security.principal.ntaccount]).value

【参考方案2】：

这是重新安装服务的最终版本，为所有人谋福利，特别是针对 Aniket。

function ReinstallService ($serviceName, $binaryPath, $description, $login, $password, $startUpType)

        Write-Host "Trying to create service: $serviceName"

        #Check Parameters
        if ((Test-Path $binaryPath)-eq $false)
        
            Write-Host "BinaryPath to service not found: $binaryPath"
            Write-Host "Service was NOT installed."
            return
        

        if (("Automatic", "Manual", "Disabled") -notcontains $startUpType)
        
            Write-Host "Value for startUpType parameter should be (Automatic or Manual or Disabled) and it was $startUpType"
            Write-Host "Service was NOT installed."
            return
        

        # Verify if the service already exists, and if yes remove it first
        if (Get-Service $serviceName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)
        
            # using WMI to remove Windows service because PowerShell does not have CmdLet for this
            $serviceToRemove = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Service -Filter "name='$serviceName'"

            $serviceToRemove.delete()
            Write-Host "Service removed: $serviceName"
        

        # if password is empty, create a dummy one to allow have credentias for system accounts: 
        #NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE
        #NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE
        if ($password -eq "") 
        
            #$secpassword = (new-object System.Security.SecureString)
            # Bug detected by @GaTechThomas
            $secpasswd = (new-object System.Security.SecureString)
        
        else
        
            $secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString $password -AsPlainText -Force
        
        $mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($login, $secpasswd)

        # Creating Windows Service using all provided parameters
        Write-Host "Installing service: $serviceName"
        New-Service -name $serviceName -binaryPathName $binaryPath -Description $description -displayName $serviceName -startupType $startUpType -credential $mycreds

        Write-Host "Installation completed: $serviceName"

        # Trying to start new service
        Write-Host "Trying to start new service: $serviceName"
        $serviceToStart = Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Service -Filter "name='$serviceName'"
        $serviceToStart.startservice()
        Write-Host "Service started: $serviceName"

        #SmokeTest
        Write-Host "Waiting 5 seconds to give time service to start..."
        Start-Sleep -s 5
        $SmokeTestService = Get-Service -Name $serviceName
        if ($SmokeTestService.Status -ne "Running")
        
            Write-Host "Smoke test: FAILED. (SERVICE FAILED TO START)"
            Throw "Smoke test: FAILED. (SERVICE FAILED TO START)"
        
        else
        
            Write-Host "Smoke test: OK."
        

【讨论】：

这可能会产生奇怪的副作用，如果用户的密码是dummy，而调用者没有提供密码，它就可以工作。

This answer 提供了一种创建空SecureString 的方法。

此代码中的错误：$secpassword 应为 $secpasswd

【参考方案3】：

您可以像这样直接获得网络服务的信誉：

$login = "NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE"
#### #just set a dummy psw since it's just used to get credentials

$psw = "dummy"

$scuritypsw = ConvertTo-SecureString $psw -AsPlainText -Force

$mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential($login, $scuritypsw)
#### #then you can use the cred to new a windows service

$serviceName = "Test"
$binaryPath = "C:\Test\Test.exe"

New-Service -name $serviceName -binaryPathName $binaryPath -displayName $serviceName -startupType Automatic -credential $mycreds

【参考方案4】：

Get-WmiObject 现已弃用。但是，PowerShell 现在已内置 cmdlet 以使用服务。以下是 Oscar Foley 的答案中 ReinstallService 的更新版本，相应地调整了方便的默认值和用于启动和停止服务的包装器：

# https://***.com/questions/35064964/powershell-script-to-check-if-service-is-started-if-not-then-start-it
function TryStopService([string] $serviceName)

    Write-Host "Attempting to stop service: $serviceName..."
    $service = Get-Service -Name $serviceName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

    if($service)
    
        if ($service.Status -ne 'Running')
        
            Write-Host "    Service: $serviceName is not running."
        
        else
        
            Stop-Service -name $serviceName
            Write-Host "    Stopped service: $serviceName."
        
    
    else
    
        Write-Host "    Service: $serviceName is not found."
    


function UninstallService([string] $serviceName)

    Write-Host "Attempting to uninstall service: $serviceName..."
    if (Get-Service $serviceName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue)
    
        Remove-Service -Name $serviceName
        Write-Host "    Uninstalled service: $serviceName."
    
    else
    
        Write-Host "    Service: $serviceName is not found."
    


function StartSertice([string] $serviceName)

    Write-Host "Attempting to start service: $serviceName..."
    $service = Get-Service -Name $serviceName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

    if($service)
    
        if ($service.Status -eq 'Running')
        
            Write-Host "    Service: $serviceName is already running."
            return
        
    

    # Trying to start new service.
    Write-Host "    Trying to start new service: $serviceName."
    Start-Service -Name $serviceName

    #Check that service has started.
    Write-Host "    Waiting 5 seconds to give service time to start..."
    Start-Sleep -s 5
    $testService = Get-Service -Name $serviceName

    if ($testService.Status -ne "Running")
    
        [string] $errMessage = "    Failed to start service: $serviceName"
        Write-Host $errMessage
        Throw $errMessage
    
    else
    
        Write-Host "    Started service: $serviceName."
    


function ReinstallService ([string] $serviceName, [string] $binaryPath, [string] $description = "", [string] $login = "NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE", [string] $password = "", [string] $startUpType = "Automatic")

    Write-Host "Attempting to reinstall service: $serviceName..."

    #Check Parameters
    if ((Test-Path $binaryPath)-eq $false)
    
        Write-Host "    BinaryPath to service was not found: $binaryPath."
        Write-Host "    Service was NOT installed."
        return
    

    if (("Automatic", "Manual", "Disabled") -notcontains $startUpType)
    
        Write-Host "    Value for startUpType parameter should be (Automatic or Manual or Disabled) and it was $startUpType"
        Write-Host "    Service was NOT installed."
        return
    

    TryStopService -serviceName $serviceName
    UninstallService -serviceName $serviceName

    # if password is empty, create a dummy one to allow having credentias for system accounts:
    #     NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE
    #     NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE
    if ($password -eq "")
    
        $secpassword = (new-object System.Security.SecureString)
    
    else
    
        $secpassword = ConvertTo-SecureString $password -AsPlainText -Force
    

    $mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ($login, $secpassword)

    # Creating Windows Service using all provided parameters.
    Write-Host "Installing service: $serviceName with user name: '$login'..."
    New-Service -name $serviceName -binaryPathName $binaryPath -Description $description -displayName $serviceName -startupType $startUpType -credential $mycreds
    Write-Host "    Installed service: $serviceName."

    # Trying to start new service.
    StartSertice -serviceName $serviceName