我如何告诉 django-admin 使用哪个设置模块？

Posted 2023-02-24

【中文标题】我如何告诉 django-admin 使用哪个设置模块？

【英文标题】：How do I tell django-admin which settings module to use?

【发布时间】：2017-03-23 22:41:20

【问题描述】：

当我使用--settings 开关运行django-admin 时，它失败了：

(env) $ django-admin help --settings=myapp.settings
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/srv/http/myapp/env/bin/django-admin", line 11, in <module>
    sys.exit(execute_from_command_line())
  File "/srv/http/myapp/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 367, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/srv/http/myapp/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 316, in execute
    settings.INSTALLED_APPS
  File "/srv/http/myapp/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 53, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/srv/http/myapp/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 41, in _setup
    self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
  File "/srv/http/myapp/env/lib/python3.5/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 97, in __init__
    mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 969, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 944, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 222, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 986, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 969, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 956, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ImportError: No module named 'myapp'

(env) $ ls myapp/settings.py
myapp/settings.py

但是manage.py 工作得很好。为了清楚起见，我想有额外的settings.py 用于开发环境。

另外，从这个脚本导入设置：

#!/usr/bin/env python
import myapp.settings

也可以。

【参考方案1】：

嗯，the doc 确实说：

manage.py 与django-admin 做同样的事情，但会为您处理一些事情：

它将您的项目包放在sys.path。

它设置DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 环境变量，使其指向您项目的settings.py 文件。

但它也说：

如果您需要在多个 Django 设置文件之间切换，请使用 django-admin 和 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 或 --settings 命令行选项。

所有的例子都是这样的：

$ django-admin migrate --settings=mysite.settings

问题是它可以工作your project dir must be in sys.path。实现这一目标的一种方法是：

PYTHONPATH=/path/to/project django-admin help --settings=myapp.settings

或者你可以使用--pythonpath开关，或者提前设置PYTHONPATH。