在 Django 中使用更多字段扩展用户模型的最佳方法是啥？

Posted 2023-02-24

【中文标题】在 Django 中使用更多字段扩展用户模型的最佳方法是啥？

【英文标题】：What is the best way to extend User model with more fields in Django?在 Django 中使用更多字段扩展用户模型的最佳方法是什么？

【发布时间】：2022-01-05 23:08:49

【问题描述】：

需要 Django 模型的帮助或资源。

你好， 我正在尝试修改/扩展django.contrib.auth.models.User 类，以便它可以注册更多字段，除了username 和password。 目前，我仅将User 类实现为另一个Task 类中的外键。

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

# Create your models here.

class Task(models.Model):

    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True) # cascade deletes all tasks/items when user is deleted
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    description = models.TextField(null=True, blank=True)
    complete = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    def __str__(self) :
        return self.title

    
    class Meta:
        ordering = ['complete']

我尝试了什么：

我尝试将其与 Employee 类建立一对一关系，但事情变得有些混乱，因为我需要先注册用户，然后再将属性添加到 Employee以及选择（已经创建的）User 作为主键。我想这不切实际。

所以我的问题是：

在User 类中添加电子邮件、ID 号、名字、姓氏等属性的最佳方法是什么，以及如何在views.py 中实现/呈现适当的表单？

这是我的 views.py 文件：

from django.contrib.auth.mixins import LoginRequiredMixin   # settings.py modification requried as following:
                                                            # add line: LOGIN_URL = 'login' above STATIC_URL field on line 120

from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm      # for registration
from django.contrib.auth import login

from .models import Task

# Create your views here.
class CustomLoginView(LoginView):
    template_name = 'base/login.html'
    fields = '__all__'
    redirect_authenticated_user = True

    def get_success_url(self):           
        return reverse_lazy('tasks')    # Redirects to the homepage


class RegisterPage(FormView):
    template_name = 'base/register.html'
    form_class = UserCreationForm
    redirect_authenticated_user = True 
    success_url = reverse_lazy('tasks')

    def form_valid(self, form):
        user = form.save()
        if user is not None:
            login(self.request, user)
        return super(RegisterPage, self).form_valid(form)

    def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if self.request.user.is_authenticated:
            return redirect('tasks')
        
        return super(RegisterPage, self).get(*args, **kwargs)


class TaskList(LoginRequiredMixin ,ListView):
    model = Task 
    context_object_name = 'tasks'

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
        context['tasks'] = context['tasks'].filter(user=self.request.user)    # returns tasks from that user o.O
        context['count'] = context['tasks'].filter(complete=False).count()

        search_input = self.request.GET.get('search-area') or ''
        if search_input:
            context['tasks'] = context['tasks'].filter(title__icontains=search_input)

        context['search_input'] = search_input

        return context


class TaskDetail(LoginRequiredMixin, DetailView):      # LoginRequiredMixin has to be added for security
    model = Task 
    context_object_name = 'task'
    template_name = 'base/task.html'


class TaskCreate(LoginRequiredMixin, CreateView):
    model = Task
    fields = ['title', 'description', 'complete']
    success_url = reverse_lazy('tasks')

    def form_valid(self, form):
        form.instance.user = self.request.user 
        return super(TaskCreate, self).form_valid(form)


class TaskUpdate(LoginRequiredMixin, UpdateView):
    model = Task
    fields = ['title', 'description', 'complete']
    success_url = reverse_lazy('tasks')


class TaskDelete(LoginRequiredMixin, DeleteView):
    model = Task
    context_object_name = 'task'
    success_url = reverse_lazy('tasks')

和我的文件结构：

.
├── base
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── migrations
│   │   ├── 0001_initial.py
│   │   ├── 0002_user.py
│   │   ├── 0003_delete_user.py
│   │   └── __init__.py
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── templates
│   │   └── base
│   │       ├── login.html
│   │       ├── register.html
│   │       ├── task.html
│   │       ├── task_confirm_delete.html
│   │       ├── task_form.html
│   │       └── task_list.html
│   ├── tests.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── views.py
├── db.sqlite3
├── manage.py
└── todo_list
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── asgi.py
    ├── settings.py
    ├── urls.py
    └── wsgi.py

提前致谢！ :)

【问题讨论】：

你可以看看这篇文章，也许会有所帮助：link

这能回答你的问题吗？ Extending the User model with custom fields in Django

【参考方案1】：

您可以从您正在使用的User 模型或AbstractUser 模型继承并创建您自己的用户模型，其中包含任意数量的字段