Django-Postgres:CharField 的长度作为主键

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【中文标题】Django-Postgres:CharField 的长度作为主键【英文标题】:Django-Postgres: length of CharField as primary key 【发布时间】:2018-11-18 15:04:34 【问题描述】:

在我的 Django 模型中,有一个 CharField 作为主键,有 250 个字符,如 max_length 和一个 ManyToManyField

class GenericRoom(models.Model):
    key = models.CharField(primary_key=True, max_length=250)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=500, default='')
    extension = models.IntegerField(null=True)
    owner = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, null=True, related_name="%(app_label)s_%(class)s_owner",
                              on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    moderators = models.ManyToManyField(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL, related_name="%(app_label)s_%(class)s_moderators",
                                        blank=True)
    type = models.CharField(max_length=50, choices=ROOM_TYPE_CHOICES, default='meeting')


class Room(GenericRoom):
    pin = models.IntegerField(null=True)

另外,在 Postgres 中,key 列的最大长度为 250,如下所示:

       Column        |          Type          | Collation | Nullable | Default 
---------------------+------------------------+-----------+----------+---------
 key                 | character varying(250) |           | not null | 

但是,当我提供的密钥超过 50 个字符时,我正在这样做:

r=Room.objects.create(key='a_veeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeery_long_key')
r.moderators.add(User.objects.get(id=123))

我得到:

  File "/home/ilias/.virtualenvs/vsceneapi/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 85, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
psycopg2.DataError: value too long for type character varying(50)


The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/ilias/.virtualenvs/vsceneapi/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related_descriptors.py", line 898, in add
    self._add_items(self.source_field_name, self.target_field_name, *objs)
  File "/home/ilias/.virtualenvs/vsceneapi/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related_descriptors.py", line 1065, in _add_items
    for obj_id in new_ids
  File "/home/ilias/.virtualenvs/vsceneapi/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 466, in bulk_create
    ids = self._batched_insert(objs_without_pk, fields, batch_size)
  File "/home/ilias/.virtualenvs/vsceneapi/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 1142, in _batched_insert
    inserted_id = self._insert(item, fields=fields, using=self.db, return_id=True)
  File "/home/ilias/.virtualenvs/vsceneapi/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 1125, in _insert
    return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
  File "/home/ilias/.virtualenvs/vsceneapi/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py", line 1283, in execute_sql
    cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/ilias/.virtualenvs/vsceneapi/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 100, in execute
    return super().execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/ilias/.virtualenvs/vsceneapi/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 68, in execute
    return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
  File "/home/ilias/.virtualenvs/vsceneapi/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 77, in _execute_with_wrappers
    return executor(sql, params, many, context)
  File "/home/ilias/.virtualenvs/vsceneapi/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 85, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "/home/ilias/.virtualenvs/vsceneapi/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "/home/ilias/.virtualenvs/vsceneapi/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 85, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
django.db.utils.DataError: value too long for type character varying(50)

对于小于 50 的键,一切正常。

因此,key 列必须有 50 个字符的隐式限制,即使限制似乎是 250。

但是为什么呢?我该如何改变呢?

编辑:

Postgres 对表格的描述是:

       Column        |          Type          | Collation | Nullable | Default 
---------------------+------------------------+-----------+----------+---------
 key                 | character varying(250) |           | not null | 
 owner_id            | integer                |           |          | 
 extension           | integer                |           |          | 
 name                | character varying(500) |           | not null | 
 type                | character varying(100) |           | not null | 
 pexip_conference_id | integer                |           |          | 
 pin                 | integer                |           |          | 
Indexes:
    "rooms_room_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (key)
    "rooms_room_key_ca48250b_like" btree (key varchar_pattern_ops)
    "rooms_room_owner_id_13734245" btree (owner_id)
Foreign-key constraints:
    "rooms_room_owner_id_13734245_fk_users_user_id" FOREIGN KEY (owner_id) REFERENCES users_user(id) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
Referenced by:
    TABLE "meeting_spaces_meetingspace" CONSTRAINT "meeting_spaces_meetingspace_room_id_10905900_fk" FOREIGN KEY (room_id) REFERENCES rooms_room(key) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
    TABLE "meetings_meeting" CONSTRAINT "meetings_meeting_room_id_02a205a4_fk" FOREIGN KEY (room_id) REFERENCES rooms_room(key) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
    TABLE "recordings_recording" CONSTRAINT "recordings_recording_room_id_799f40af_fk" FOREIGN KEY (room_id) REFERENCES rooms_room(key) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
    TABLE "rooms_room_moderators" CONSTRAINT "rooms_room_moderators_room_id_abd2abc5_fk_rooms_room_key" FOREIGN KEY (room_id) REFERENCES rooms_room(key) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED
    TABLE "users_user" CONSTRAINT "users_user_room_id_06ed4152_fk" FOREIGN KEY (room_id) REFERENCES rooms_room(key) DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED

【问题讨论】:

您能否显示导致此行为的查询? 你有相关的领域吗? @WillemVanOnsem 请查看我的问题的编辑版本。这是我添加到多对多字段的时候。 @houzayfarifai 请查看我的问题的编辑版本。有一个多对多的字段 你能得到表格的实际描述并提供吗? 【参考方案1】:

使用 long varchars 作为主键绝不是一个好主意。 最好使用序列值作为 pk。

但是,既然你想要它,我快速搜索并发现:“一个限制是不能在超过 2,000 个字符的列上创建索引”(找到它here)。

【讨论】:

【参考方案2】:

不同的数据库后端对索引列中的字符串长度有不同的限制。

对于postgres,你可以找到限制here(这是一个长度为2000的字符串)

对于mysql,你可以找到限制here [还有一个SO帖子更好地解释它here,这是一个长度为255的字符串)

所以理论上应该没有理由不这样做(Django 还添加了处理数据库可移植性的限制,allowing custom primary_keys, with max_length=255,但您的密钥长度在该范围内)。

我怀疑原因在于您管理数据库的方式,因为我发现您的模型与实际数据库表不匹配(数据库中的键 typevarchar(100),但模型中的 max_length=50) .

我建议您查看您的迁移并仔细检查它们,也许重新创建表会起作用,也许那里出了问题。

希望它可能会有所帮助。

【讨论】:

【参考方案3】:

不要使用 CharFields 作为主键,最好使用默认的 pk 或 uuid

import uuid
class YourModel(model.Model):
    uuid = models.UUIDField(default=uuid.uuid4, primary_key=True, editable=False)

【讨论】:

【参考方案4】:

我认为问题出在type 列/字段上。在 PG 中有 100 个,而您的模型有 50 个 - 作为最大尺寸。

请转至here 使用适合您的方法查看 SQL 查询。一般来说,这类问题来自复杂性。分割,切片,直到你有足够小的一块来解决问题。建议是查看确切的查询 - 这样您就可以查看问题是出在数据库上,还是出在应用程序/模型上。然后你可以尝试更小的模型,或者像两列这样的更小的表 - 键 + 一些东西,没有继承......无论如何 - 我的赌注 - 模型。 :)

【讨论】:

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