如何从数据库和身份验证用户中撤回加盐密码?
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【中文标题】如何从数据库和身份验证用户中撤回加盐密码?【英文标题】:How to retract a salted password from the Database and auth user? 【发布时间】:2016-11-13 00:07:22 【问题描述】:这是我第一次尝试使用所有存储在数据库 (mysql) 中的加盐密码来实现会员网站。除了“会员登录”页面中的错误之外,一切正常。
错误:
会员登录页面接受会员网站的任何条目,并且由于某种原因通过了我对$result === false
的检查
这是检查成员是否存在的代码,请告诉我问题所在:
$servername = 'localhost';
$username = 'root';
$pwd = '';
$dbname = 'lp001';
$connect = new mysqli($servername,$username,$pwd,$dbname);
if ($connect->connect_error)
die('connection failed, reason: '.$connect->connect_error);
$name = mysqli_real_escape_string($connect, $_POST['name']);
$password = mysqli_real_escape_string($connect, $_POST['password']);
$saltQuery = "SELECT salt FROM users WHERE name = '$name';";
$result = mysqli_query($connect, $saltQuery);
if ($result === false)
die(mysqli_error());
$row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result);
$salt = $row['salt'];
$saltedPW = $password.$salt;
$hashedPW = hash('sha256', $saltedPW);
$sqlQuery = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '$name' AND password = '$hashedPW'";
if (mysqli_query($connect, $sqlQuery))
echo '<h1>Welcome to the member site '.$name.'</h1>';
else
echo 'error adding the query: '.$sql_q.'<br> Reason: '.mysqli_error($connect);
【问题讨论】:
看到这对你来说几乎是统包,登录部分,password_verify()
在这里:***.com/a/33665819。它包括会话、错误报告和 try/catch
SHA-* 算法不能安全地存储密码,而是使用函数password_hash() 来生成安全的 BCrypt 哈希。单独存放盐会变得不必要,看看这个answer。
@martinstoeckli - 谢谢你,如果你能把它写成代码,我会把它作为答案,在未来帮助我和其他人,再次感谢。
【参考方案1】:
开发人员经常在验证登录密码时遇到困难,因为他们不确定如何处理存储的密码哈希。他们知道密码应该使用像password_hash()这样的适当函数进行哈希处理,并将它们存储在varchar(255)
字段中:
// Hash a new password for storing in the database.
// The function automatically generates a cryptographically safe salt.
$hashToStoreInDb = password_hash($password, PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
在登录表单中,我们无法直接用 SQL 验证密码,也无法搜索,因为存储的哈希是加盐的。相反,我们...
-
必须从数据库中读取密码哈希,按用户 ID 搜索
然后可以使用password_verify() 函数根据找到的哈希检查登录密码。
您可以在下面找到一些示例代码,展示如何使用 mysqli 连接进行密码验证。该代码没有错误检查以使其可读:
/**
* mysqli example for a login with a stored password-hash
*/
$mysqli = new mysqli($dbHost, $dbUser, $dbPassword, $dbName);
$mysqli->set_charset('utf8');
// Find the stored password hash in the db, searching by username
$sql = 'SELECT password FROM users WHERE username = ?';
$stmt = $mysqli->prepare($sql);
$stmt->bind_param('s', $_POST['username']); // it is safe to pass the user input unescaped
$stmt->execute();
// If this user exists, fetch the password-hash and check it
$isPasswordCorrect = false;
$stmt->bind_result($hashFromDb);
if ($stmt->fetch() === true)
// Check whether the entered password matches the stored hash.
// The salt and the cost factor will be extracted from $hashFromDb.
$isPasswordCorrect = password_verify($_POST['password'], $hashFromDb);
请注意,该示例使用准备好的语句来避免 SQL 注入,在这种情况下不需要转义。从 pdo 连接读取的等效示例如下所示:
/**
* pdo example for a login with a stored password-hash
*/
$dsn = "mysql:host=$dbHost;dbname=$dbName;charset=utf8";
$pdo = new PDO($dsn, $dbUser, $dbPassword);
// Find the stored password hash in the db, searching by username
$sql = 'SELECT password FROM users WHERE username = ?';
$stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
$stmt->bindValue(1, $_POST['username'], PDO::PARAM_STR); // it is safe to pass the user input unescaped
$stmt->execute();
// If this user exists, fetch the password hash and check it
$isPasswordCorrect = false;
if (($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)) !== false)
$hashFromDb = $row['password'];
// Check whether the entered password matches the stored hash.
// The salt and the cost factor will be extracted from $hashFromDb.
$isPasswordCorrect = password_verify($_POST['password'], $hashFromDb);
【讨论】:
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