如何通过 Selenium WebDriver 和 Python 定位用户名和密码元素
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【中文标题】如何通过 Selenium WebDriver 和 Python 定位用户名和密码元素【英文标题】:How to locate the username and password element through Selenium WebDriver and Python 【发布时间】:2019-06-02 07:17:37 【问题描述】:我正在尝试使用 Selenium 自动输入特定网站的用户名和密码。我无法找到将密钥发送到的元素。我在下面附上了网站的 html 代码。
这是我目前使用的:
username = driver.find_element_by_id('UserName').getAttribute('value')
此外,该网站以 .bsd 结尾,我并不完全熟悉,并认为它可能会导致问题。
谢谢。
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/general.css" type="text/css">
<title>RC Inspection - Risk Control</title>
<script language="javascript1.3" src="scripts/clientside/badgerAPI.js"></script>
<script language="javascript1.3" src="scripts/clientside/inspectionClient.js"></script>
<script language="javascript1.3" src="scripts/clientside/validate.js"></script>
<script language="javascript1.3" src="scripts/widJETs/JETClient.js"></script>
<script language="javascript1.3" src="scripts/widJETs/JETDataTable.js"></script>
<script>var searchParameters;</script>
</head>
<frameset rows="0,95,*" framespacing="0">
<frame name="SystemWin" src="about:blank" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" margin margin frameborder="0" framespacing="0" scrolling="auto">
<frame name="HeaderWin" src="about:blank" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" margin margin frameborder="0" framespacing="0" scrolling="no">
<frame name="MainWin" src="Logon.bsd?Lang=English'" margin margin frameborder="0" framespacing="0" scrolling="auto"
<html><head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<script language="javascript1.3" src="scripts/clientside/XHConn.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/logon.css" type="text/css">
<script language="javascript1.3">
function executeAction(sFunction)
if (sFunction=='OnLoad')
this.document.MainForm.UserName.focus();
hide('r5');
else if (sFunction=='Login')
fParms='UserName,T,50,1|Password,T,20,1';
if(top.validatePage('top.MainWin.document.MainForm',fParms,'English'))
top.goPage('LogonUser@Logon.bsd?form=top.MainWin.document.MainForm|target=SystemWin|Lang=English') ;
else if (sFunction=='ForgotPassword')
hide('r1');
hide('r2');
show('r5');
else if (sFunction=='ResetPassword')
if(top.MainWin.document.MainForm.RP_UserName.value == "")
alert('Please enter Your Username');
return false;
var r = confirm("Are you sure you wish to reset your password?");
if (r == true)
try
var myConn = new XHConn();
if (!myConn) alert("XMLHTTP not available. Try a newer/better browser.");
myConn.connect("ResetPassword@Utilities.bsd", "POST", "RP_UserName="+this.document.MainForm.RP_UserName.value+"&Lang=English", fn_ChangeItem);
catch(e)
var msg = (typeof e == "string") ? e : ((e.message) ? e.message : "Unknown Error");
alert("Unable to get XML data:\n" + msg);
return;
fn_ChangeItem = function (XML)
eval(XML.responseText) ;
hide=function (szDivID)
if(document.layers) //NN4+
eval("document."+szDivID+".visibility = 'hide'");
else if(document.getElementById) //gecko(NN6) + IE 5+
var obj = document.getElementById(szDivID);
obj.style.display = "none";
else if(document.all) // IE 4
document.all[szDivID].style.display = "none";
show=function (szDivID)
if(document.layers) //NN4+
eval("document."+szDivID+".visibility = 'show'");
else if(document.getElementById) //gecko(NN6) + IE 5+
var obj = document.getElementById(szDivID);
obj.style.display = "";
else if(document.all) // IE 4
document.all[szDivID].style.display = "";
</script>
</head>
<body onload="javascript:executeAction('OnLoad');" margin margin>
<div class="loginwrapper">
<div class="logoncontent">
<div id="logon_header">
<img border="0" src="./images/companylogo.gif">
<div class="logintop">
Risk Control System <br>
version 4.5.4.1.5
</div>
</div>
<div class="clear"> </div>
<div id="logon_content">
<form name="MainForm" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<div id="r1">
<div style="float:left;margin-right:20px;">
<label for="UserName">User Name</label>
<input type="text" id="UserName" name="UserName" maxlength="50" tabindex="1">
</div>
<div style="float:left;">
<label for="Password">Password</label>
<input type="password" id="Password" name="Password" maxlength="20" tabindex="2" onkeypress="if (event.keyCode=='13') executeAction('Login');">
</div>
</div>
<div class="clear"> </div>
<div id="r2">
<a class="small" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="executeAction('ForgotPassword');return false;">Forgot Password?</a>
<span class="action_button green_button"><a href="javascript:void(0);" tabindex="3" onclick="executeAction('Login');">Login</a></span>
</div>
<div id="r5" style="display: none;">
<label class="rp_label" for="RP_UserName">Please Enter Your Username</label>
<input type="text" name="RP_UserName" value="" size="30" maxlength="50">
<!-- <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="executeAction('ResetPassword');return false;">Reset Password</a> -->
<input type="submit" value="Reset Password" onclick="executeAction('ResetPassword');return false;">
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clear"> </div>
<div class="loginbottom">
<a style="text-decoration: none;" href="http://www.riskcontroltech.com/" target="_blank">Risk Control Technologies Inc.</a> Copyright © 2015. All rights reserved.<br>
All Trademarks are owned by their respective companies.
</div>
</div><!-- end loginwrapper -->
</body></html>
</frameset>
</html>
【问题讨论】:
使用 id 找到它。如果您需要有关如何帮助您的建议,请在您尝试解决问题的地方添加代码 +1 附截图不好的做法,社区成员不会输入html代码让你重现你的问题,你可以添加html snip代替图片 我已经添加了代码。 【参考方案1】:只需使用WebDriverWait
:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r'C:\path\To\chromedriver.exe')
driver.get(url)
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
username = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//input[@id='UserName']")))
# username = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='UserName']")
username.send_keys("the useName")
# password = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='Password']")
password =wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//input[@id='Password']")))
password.send_keys("yourPassword")
希望对您有所帮助!
【讨论】:
这是我最初尝试运行的,但我收到以下错误消息: NoSuchElementException: no such element: Unable to locate element: "method":"id","selector":"UserName" (会话信息: chrome=71.0.3578.98) (驱动程序信息: chromedriver=2.42.591088 (7b2b2dca23cca0862f674758c9a3933e685c27d5),platform=Windows NT 10.0.15063 x86_64) @Its_code_outside 我已经更新到 xpath...现在试试 表示未定义名称“wait”。另外,非常感谢您提供的所有帮助。我真的很感激。 不用担心。不过它给了我 TimeoutException。【参考方案2】:要将字符序列发送到特定网站中的 用户名 和 密码 字段,因为元素位于 <frame>
内,您必须:
您可以使用以下任一解决方案:
使用CSS_SELECTOR
:
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"frame[name='MainWin'][src^='Logon.bsd?Lang=English']")))
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "label[for='UserName']"))).send_keys("Its_code_outside")
driver.find_element_by_css_selector("label[for='Password']").send_keys("Its_code_outside")
使用XPATH
:
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it((By.XPATH,"//frame[@name='MainWin' and starts-with(@src, 'Logon.bsd?Lang=English')]")))
WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//label[@for='UserName']"))).send_keys("Its_code_outside")
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//label[@for='Password']").send_keys("Its_code_outside")
注意:您必须添加以下导入:
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
【讨论】:
我使用了这个并收到以下错误消息:WebDriverException: unknown error: cannot focus element. @Its_code_outside 对于哪个元素 Username 或 Password? 它没有指定。 (这是第一次发生这种情况)通常它已指定用户名或密码作为错误源。 查看我更新的答案并告诉我状态 如果是本地 url 会有什么不同吗?以上是关于如何通过 Selenium WebDriver 和 Python 定位用户名和密码元素的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章
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