NoClassDefFoundError：com/google/cloud/kms/v1/KeyManagementServiceClient
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【中文标题】NoClassDefFoundError：com/google/cloud/kms/v1/KeyManagementServiceClient【英文标题】：NoClassDefFoundError: com/google/cloud/kms/v1/KeyManagementServiceClient 【发布时间】：2020-12-21 23:47:30 【问题描述】：我是第一次在这里写作，所以如果我应该在问题中添加更多内容，我深表歉意。我正在使用 java 创建一个应用程序，并尝试在 Google Cloud 上创建一个 KeyManagementServiceClient 连接。程序构建正确，但是当我运行以下函数时，我收到与 com/google/cloud/kms/v1/KeyManagementServiceClient 相关的 NoClassDefFound 错误。
try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create())
我正在使用 maven，我对这个问题的所有研究都让我认为我的 pom.xml 文件存在问题，我在下面包含了该文件，但尝试任何修复都没有摆脱错误。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
<artifactId>encryptiontobucket</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>my-app</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>google-cloud-kms-bom</artifactId>
<version>1.40.0</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>google-cloud-kms</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<!-- clean lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#clean_Lifecycle -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- default lifecycle, jar packaging: see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_jar_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.22.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
<!-- site lifecycle, see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#site_Lifecycle -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
如果有人能帮我解决错误，将不胜感激！另外，如果需要其他任何东西来理解这个问题，请告诉我。
编辑：下面是我的代码。我最初创建了一个名为 my-app 的 maven 项目，其中包含 pom.xml。我的程序EncryptionToBucket.java在maven默认创建的app文件夹的目录下。重现问题：
-
将程序放置在上面指示的位置。
运行 mvn 包
运行 java -cp target\my-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar EncryptionToBucket
输入随机projectId，随机选择locationId，点击Create New Key按钮，命令行会报错。
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKey;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKey.CryptoKeyPurpose;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersion.CryptoKeyVersionAlgorithm;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.CryptoKeyVersionTemplate;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyManagementServiceClient;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.KeyRing;
import com.google.cloud.kms.v1.LocationName;
import java.io.IOException;
class EncryptionToBucket implements ActionListener
private String projectId,locationId, keyRingPath, keyNamePath, asymmKey;
private JButton createNewKeyRing, createNewKey, encryptData, back, back2, createNewSigningKey;
private JTextField projText, keyRingTField, keyNameTField, asymmKeyEntry;
private JComboBox locations;
private JFrame initialFrame, keyRingFrame, keyFrame;
public EncryptionToBucket()
initialInfoPage();
public void keyRingCreation()
// Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only
// needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After
// completing all of your requests, call the "close" method on the client to
// safely clean up any remaining background resources.
try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create())
// Build the parent name from the project and location.
// LocationName locationName = LocationName.of(projectId, locationId);
// Build the key ring to create.
//KeyRing keyRing = KeyRing.newBuilder().build();
// Create the key ring.
// KeyRing createdKeyRing = client.createKeyRing(locationName, asymmKey, keyRing);
//System.out.printf("Created key ring %s%n", createdKeyRing.getName());
catch (IOException e)
//System.out.println("Rut Row");
public static void main(String args[])
EncryptionToBucket constructor = new EncryptionToBucket();
public void initialInfoPage()
/*TODO: Remove Gaps
*/
initialFrame = new JFrame("Enter Information");
initialFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
initialFrame.setSize(500, 500);
initialFrame.setResizable(false);
initialFrame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
JLabel proj = new JLabel("Project ID: ");
JLabel location = new JLabel("Location ID: ");
projText = new JTextField(10);
projText.setText(projectId);
String[] locationIds= " ", "asia-east1", "asia-east2", "asia-northeast1", "asia-northeast2", "asia-northeast3", "asia-south1", "asia-southeast1", "asia-southeast2", "australia-southeast1", "europe-north1", "europe-west1", "europe-west2", "europe-west3", "europe-west4", "europe-west6", "northamerica-northeast1", "southamerica-east1", "us-central1", "us-east1", "us-east4", "us-west1", "us-west2", "us-west3", "us-west4";
locations = new JComboBox(locationIds);
locations.setSelectedItem(locationId);
GridLayout layout = new GridLayout(2,0);
JPanel topPane = new JPanel(layout);
JPanel topPane1 = new JPanel();
JPanel topPane2 = new JPanel();
topPane1.add(proj);
topPane1.add(projText);
topPane2.add(location);
topPane2.add(locations);
topPane.add(topPane1);
topPane.add(topPane2);
JPanel secondTierPane = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,0));
JPanel secondTierPane1 = new JPanel();
JPanel secondTierPane2 = new JPanel();
JLabel keyRingName = new JLabel("Key Ring Path: ");
secondTierPane1.add(keyRingName);
keyRingTField = new JTextField(10);
keyRingTField.setText(keyRingPath);
secondTierPane1.add(keyRingTField);
secondTierPane.add(secondTierPane1);
createNewKeyRing = new JButton("Create a New Key Ring");
createNewKeyRing.addActionListener(this);
secondTierPane2.add(createNewKeyRing);
secondTierPane.add(secondTierPane2);
JPanel thirdTierPane = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,0));
JPanel thirdTierPane1 = new JPanel();
JPanel thirdTierPane2 = new JPanel();
JLabel keyName = new JLabel("Key Path: ");
thirdTierPane1.add(keyName);
keyNameTField = new JTextField(10);
keyNameTField.setText(keyNamePath);
thirdTierPane1.add(keyNameTField);
thirdTierPane.add(thirdTierPane1);
createNewKey = new JButton("Create a New Key");
createNewKey.addActionListener(this);
thirdTierPane2.add(createNewKey);
thirdTierPane.add(thirdTierPane2);
JPanel bottomPane = new JPanel();
encryptData = new JButton("Encrypt Data");
bottomPane.add(encryptData);
JPanel main = new JPanel(new GridLayout(4,1));
main.add(topPane);
main.add(secondTierPane);
main.add(thirdTierPane);
main.add(bottomPane);
initialFrame.add(main);
initialFrame.setVisible(true);
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
if(e.getSource() == createNewKeyRing)
projectId = projText.getText();
locationId = locations.getSelectedItem().toString();
//initialFrame.setVisible(false);
keyRingPage();
else if(e.getSource() == createNewKey)
if(projText.getText().isEmpty())
JOptionPane errormessage = new JOptionPane();
errormessage.showMessageDialog(null, "A projectId is needed to create a key ring!", "alert", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
else
projectId = projText.getText();
locationId = locations.getSelectedItem().toString();
keyRingPath = keyRingTField.getText();
initialFrame.setVisible(false);
keyPage();
else if(e.getSource() == encryptData)
else if(e.getSource() == back || e.getSource() == back2)
if(keyRingFrame.isVisible())
asymmKey = asymmKeyEntry.getText();
keyRingFrame.setVisible(false);
keyRingCreation();
else if(keyFrame.isVisible())
keyFrame.setVisible(false);
initialInfoPage();
public void keyRingPage()
/*
TODO: Key Ring Creation Code
*/
keyRingFrame = new JFrame("Key Ring Creation");
keyRingFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
keyRingFrame.setSize(500, 400);
keyRingFrame.setResizable(true);
keyRingFrame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
JPanel main = new JPanel(new GridLayout (3,2));
JPanel topPane = new JPanel();
topPane.setLayout(new BoxLayout(topPane, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));
JLabel projectsId = new JLabel("Project ID: " + projectId);
projectsId.setAlignmentX(Component.CENTER_ALIGNMENT);
JLabel locationsId = new JLabel("Location ID: " + locationId);
locationsId.setAlignmentX(Component.CENTER_ALIGNMENT);
topPane.add(projectsId);
topPane.add(locationsId);
main.add(topPane);
JPanel midPane = new JPanel();
midPane.setLayout(new BoxLayout(midPane, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));
JLabel asymmKeyName = new JLabel("Asymmetric Signing Key: ");
midPane.add(asymmKeyName);
asymmKeyEntry = new JTextField(10);
//asymmKeyEntry.setPreferredSize();
asymmKeyEntry.setAlignmentX(Component.CENTER_ALIGNMENT);
midPane.add(asymmKeyEntry);
createNewSigningKey = new JButton("Create New Signing Key");
midPane.add(createNewSigningKey);
main.add(midPane);
JPanel lowPane = new JPanel();
back = new JButton("Create Key Ring");
back.addActionListener(this);
lowPane.add(back);
main.add(lowPane);
keyRingFrame.add(main);
keyRingFrame.setVisible(true);
public void keyPage()
keyFrame = new JFrame("Key Ring Creation");
keyFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
keyFrame.setSize(500, 400);
keyFrame.setResizable(true);
keyFrame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
JPanel main = new JPanel();
back2 = new JButton("Enter");
back2.addActionListener(this);
main.add(back2);
keyFrame.add(main);
keyFrame.setVisible(true);
【问题讨论】：
我已经复制了您的 pom.xml 并构建了它，它可以正常工作，请您分享更多详细信息。 建筑不是错误。我的 java 代码使用了一堆运行良好的 java swing 函数，但是只要命令try (KeyManagementServiceClient client = KeyManagementServiceClient.create())（有或没有 try/catch，它就会给我那个错误。
将分享您的代码。
我的代码已被分享
您需要使用完整的类路径运行您的 jar，否则这样的库将不可用。
【参考方案1】：
要安装客户端库，请查看下面的链接
https://cloud.google.com/kms/docs/reference/libraries#installing_the_client_library
如果您使用的是 Maven，请将以下内容添加到您的 pom.xml 文件中。
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>libraries-bom</artifactId>
<version>9.1.0</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>google-cloud-kms</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
【讨论】：
没有运气将它添加到 pom.xml，我仍然得到同样的错误。 我已经在用这个了，但还是不行【参考方案2】：我也遇到过这个问题。
使用以下解决了我的问题：
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>google-cloud-kms</artifactId>
<version>0.72.0-beta</version>
</dependency>
【讨论】：
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