Django,在模板中显示 ValidationError
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【中文标题】Django,在模板中显示 ValidationError【英文标题】:Django, show ValidationError in template 【发布时间】:2014-04-23 14:50:57 【问题描述】:我创建了一个注册应用程序,用户可以在其中注册并提供用户名、电子邮件和密码。我所做的是确保电子邮件字段是唯一的(如您在下面的代码中所见)。但我不知道如何在用户输入已在使用的电子邮件地址时显示错误。
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from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.core.context_processors import csrf
from forms import RegistrationForm
# Create your views here.
def register_user(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = RegistrationForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect('../../membership/register_success')
else:
return HttpResponseRedirect('../../membership/register_failed')
args =
args.update(csrf(request))
args['form'] = RegistrationForm()
return render(request,'registration/registration_form.html', args)
def register_success(request):
return render_to_response('registration/registration_success.html')
def register_failed(request):
return render_to_response('registration/registration_failed.html')
表格
from django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
# forms.py
class RegistrationForm(UserCreationForm):
email = forms.EmailField(required=True)
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('username', 'email', 'password1', 'password2')
def clean_email(self):
email = self.cleaned_data.get('email')
username = self.cleaned_data.get('username')
if email and User.objects.filter(email=email).exclude(username=username).count():
raise forms.ValidationError(_("This email address is already in use. Please supply a different email address."))
return email
def save(self, commit=True):
user = super(RegistrationForm, self).save(commit=False)
user.email = self.cleaned_data['email']
if commit:
user.save()
return user
registration.html
% extends "base.html" %
% block title %Registration% endblock %
% block content %
<h1>Registration</h1>
% if form.errors %
<h1>ERRORRRRRR same email again???</h1>
% endif %
% if registered %
<strong>thank you for registering!</strong>
<a href="../../">Return to the homepage.</a><br />
% else %
<strong>register here!</strong><br />
<form method="post" action="/membership/register/">% csrf_token %
form
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Register" />
</form>
% endif %
% endblock %
【问题讨论】:
【参考方案1】:您在模板上显示带有 form
的表单。默认情况下,它本身应该显示所有验证错误,但在您的情况下,如果表单无效,您将重定向到其他页面。因此,除非您使用 GET 参数传递错误,否则您永远无法显示错误。您可以将视图更改为此以获取注册页面本身的错误 -
def register_user(request):
args =
if request.method == 'POST':
form = RegistrationForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect('../../membership/register_success')
else:
form = RegistrationForm()
args['form'] = form
return render(request,'registration/registration_form.html', args)
其工作原理是,如果请求方法是 POST,则使用 POST 数据启动表单,然后使用 is_valid()
调用对其进行验证,因此如果表单对象无效,则现在表单对象会显示验证错误消息。如果有效,则保存并重定向。如果无效,则进入args['form'] = form
部分,其中带有错误消息的表单对象被设置为上下文,然后传递给渲染。
如果请求方法不是POST,则实例化一个没有数据的表单对象并传递给render()
。
现在,如果有任何错误,您的模板应该在每个字段下方显示所有错误消息。
【讨论】:
我遇到了同样的错误,但我不明白args
是如何参与其中的。为什么 args 甚至存在?模板中没有用到。【参考方案2】:
forms.py
from django import forms
class RegistForm(forms.Form):
name = forms.CharField(required=True)
email = forms.EmailField(required=True)
password = forms.CharField(required=True)
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.generic import TemplateView
import forms
class Register(TemplateView):
def get(self, request):
return render(request, 'register.html', )
def post(self, request):
form = forms.RegistForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print(1)
else:
print(form.errors)
content = 'form':form;
return render(request, 'register.html', content)
register.html
<form action="% url 'register' %" method="post">
% csrf_token %
<fieldset>
<label for="name">Name:</label>
<input type="text" id="name" name="name" value="">
form.errors.name
<label for="mail">Email:</label>
<input type="text" id="mail" name="email">
form.errors.email
<label for="password">Password:</label>
<input type="password" id="password" name="password">
form.errors.password
</fieldset>
<button type="submit">Sign Up</button>
<p class="message">Already registered? <a href="% url 'login' %">Login</a></p>
</form>
** 随意复制代码,尽情享受吧! **
【讨论】:
【参考方案3】:为什么不做这样的事情:
...
if User.objects.filter(email=email):
raise forms.ValidationError(_("This email address is already in use. Please supply a different email address."))
return email
...
如果用户已经注册,让它引发验证错误。如果您不希望它这样做,您可以执行以下操作:
...
email_exists = User.objects.filter(email=email):
if email_exists and email_exists.username != username:
raise forms.ValidationError(_("This email address is already in use. Please supply a different email address."))
return email
...
要显示表单错误,请使用form.is_valid()
确保它通过验证。 Django 为custom validations 说以下内容:
Note that any errors raised by your Form.clean() override will not be associated with any field in particular. They go into a special “field” (called __all__), which you can access via the non_field_errors() method if you need to. If you want to attach errors to a specific field in the form, you need to call add_error().
然后在您的模板中,您可以使用 form.non_field_errors
等内容。
请参阅 Django 文档中的此部分,位于 Using a form in a view
和 Customizing the form template
:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/forms/
【讨论】:
感谢您的快速回复!问题是我无法管理“ValidationError”以在模板中显示消息。即(% if form.errors %...) 啊,它在 django 文档中。如果您在视图中使用form.is_valid()
,则可以执行form.errors
和其他操作。查看我的更新回复。
如果您使用form.is_valid()
在视图中检查验证,它应该显示在% form.errors %
中。我很好奇,所以如果可行,请随时通知我。
问题是我确实在我的views.py 文件中使用了“form.is_valid()”。你可以在这里找到它pastebin.com/068mAnWh。
我在这里找到了答案:link我更新了我的回复。您需要致电add_error()
和non_field_errors()
【参考方案4】:
基于类的视图更容易。
from django.views import generic
from .forms import RegistrationForm
class RegistrationView(generic.CreateView):
template_class = 'registration/registration_form.html'
form_class = RegistrationForm
success_url = '/success/url'
def form_valid(self, form):
# add a log after save or whatever
super(RegistrationView, self).form_valid(self, form)
clean 方法是自动的,表单和消息会这样呈现, 基于类的视图让生活更轻松,您的代码更干燥。
【讨论】:
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