在 Linux 上使用无头 Chrome 访问被拒绝页面，而有头 Chrome 通过 Python 使用 Selenium 在 Windows 上工作
Posted
技术标签:
【中文标题】在 Linux 上使用无头 Chrome 访问被拒绝页面，而有头 Chrome 通过 Python 使用 Selenium 在 Windows 上工作【英文标题】：Access Denied page with headless Chrome on Linux while headed Chrome works on windows using Selenium through Python 【发布时间】：2020-04-06 23:32:51 【问题描述】：我在本地机器上使用了这段代码：
from selenium import webdriver
chrom_path = r"C:\Users\user\sof\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver.exe"
driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrom_path)
link = 'https://www.google.com/'
driver.get(link)
s = driver.page_source
print((s.encode("utf-8")))
driver.quit()
这个代码返回这个网站的页面源，但是当我在Linux服务器centos7上使用这个代码时：
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('--headless')
options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="/usr/local/bin/chromedriver", chrome_options=options)
driver.get("https://www.google.com")
s = driver.page_source
print((s.encode("utf-8")))
driver.quit()
这段代码也应该返回页面源，但这段代码返回的是：
b'<html><head>\n<title>Access Denied</title>\n</head><body>\n<h1>Access Denied</h1>\n \nYou don\'t have permission to access "http://www.newark.com/" on this server.<p>\nReference #18.456cd417.1576243477.e007b9f\n\n\n</p></body></html>'
有人知道为什么相同的代码在不同的操作系统上工作方式不同吗？
【问题讨论】：
您在 windows 和 linux 中使用相同的 python+库版本吗？另外，请告诉我们期望的结果是什么。 是的，它们是一样的，结果应该是我的HTML页面源 您的防火墙规则是否阻止"http://www.newark.com"？
@Brydenr 我不明白你的意思
您的防火墙规则可能会阻止该站点
【参考方案1】：
根据您在 Windows 本地机器上的代码试验 non-headless Chrome 在 Linux 服务器 centos7 上使用 headless 时可以完美运行Chrome 会将您重定向到 拒绝访问 页面。
<html><head>\n<title>Access Denied</title>\n</head><body>\n<h1>Access Denied</h1>\n \nYou don\'t have permission to access "http://www.newark.com/" on this server.<p>\nReference #18.456cd417.1576243477.e007b9f\n\n\n</p></body></html>
访问被拒绝
根据文章How to bypass “Access Denied” pages when using Headless Chrome，Chrome 在无头模式下运行和在有头模式下运行时略有不同。核心网络堆栈相同，浏览器在数据包级别传输请求的方式没有差异，仅将我们指向请求的内容。在检查从 headless 和 headed Chrome 发出的请求时，观察到 headless Chrome 通过它的 User-Agent header 让自己知道。 headed Chrome 的标题几乎与减去 Headless 相似。
无头 Chrome 用户代理是：
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) HeadlessChrome/71.0.3578.98 Safari/537.36
解决方案
因此，一个精确的解决方案是将user-agent 设置为headed Chrome。 Chrome v79.x 的用户代理是：
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.79 Safari/537.36
你可以如下修改你的代码并执行：
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('--headless')
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
options.add_argument(f'user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.79 Safari/537.36')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="/usr/local/bin/chromedriver", chrome_options=options)
driver.get("https://www.google.com")
s = driver.page_source
print((s.encode("utf-8")))
driver.quit()
在 Windows 10 操作系统上执行
在windows-10 box 上执行的结果：
代码块：
from selenium import webdriver
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("start-maximized")
options.add_argument('--headless')
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
options.add_argument(f'user-agent=Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.79 Safari/537.36')
options.add_experimental_option("excludeSwitches", ["enable-automation"])
options.add_experimental_option('useAutomationExtension', False)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, executable_path=r'C:\WebDrivers\chromedriver.exe')
driver.get("https://www.google.com")
s = driver.page_source
print((s.encode("utf-8")))
driver.quit()
控制台输出：
[1214/041553.069:INFO:CONSOLE(0)] "A cookie associated with a resource at http://google.com/ was set with `SameSite=None` but without `Secure`. A future release of Chrome will only deliver cookies marked `SameSite=None` if they are also marked `Secure`. You can review cookies in developer tools under Application>Storage>Cookies and see more details at https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5633521622188032.", source: data:, (0)
[1214/041553.165:INFO:CONSOLE(0)] "A cookie associated with a resource at http://google.com/ was set with `SameSite=None` but without `Secure`. A future release of Chrome will only deliver cookies marked `SameSite=None` if they are also marked `Secure`. You can review cookies in developer tools under Application>Storage>Cookies and see more details at https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5633521622188032.", source: https://www.google.com/ (0)
[1214/041555.336:INFO:CONSOLE(0)] "A cookie associated with a cross-site resource at http://google.co.in/ was set without the `SameSite` attribute. A future release of Chrome will only deliver cookies with cross-site requests if they are set with `SameSite=None` and `Secure`. You can review cookies in developer tools under Application>Storage>Cookies and see more details at https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5088147346030592 and https://www.chromestatus.com/feature/5633521622188032.", source: https://www.google.com/ (0)
b'<html itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" lang="en-IN"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta content="origin" name="referrer"><meta content="/images/branding/googleg/1x/googleg_standard_color_128dp.png" itemprop="image"><meta content="origin" name="referrer"><title>Google</title><script src="https://apis.google.com/_/scs/abc-static/_/js/k=gapi.gapi.en.7kWSr24wXFc.O/m=gapi_iframes,googleapis_client,plusone/rt=j/sv=1/d=1/ed=1/rs=AHpOoo-i9r7IbCTUQfJ0v-FPhRKRS8aihQ/cb=gapi.loaded_0" nonce="M5SQ7iANEaS7TdDvxjlnQA==" async=""></script><script nonce="M5SQ7iANEaS7TdDvxjlnQA==">(function()window.google=kEI:\'0xr0Xe_oJNiV4-EP3NWg2As\',kEXPI:\'31\',authuser:0,kscs:\'c9c918f0_0xr0Xe_oJNiV4-EP3NWg2As\',kGL:\'IN\',kBL:\'9hVE\';google.sn=\'webhp\';google.kHL=\'en-IN\';google.jsfs=\'Ffpdje\';)();(function()google.lc=[];google.li=0;google.getEI=function(a)for(var b;a&&(!a.getAttribute||!(b=a.getAttribute("eid")));)a=a.parentNode;return b||google.kEI;google.getLEI=function(a)for(var b=null;a&&(!a.getAttribute||!(b=a.getAttribute("leid")));)a=a.parentNode;return b;google.https=function()return"https:"==window.location.protocol;google.ml=function()return null;google.time=function()return(new Date).getTime();google.log=function(a,b,e,c,g)if(a=google.logUrl(a,b,e,c,g))b=new Image;var d=google.lc,f=google.li;d[f]=b;b.onerror=b.onload=b.onabort=function()delete d[f];google.vel&&google.vel.lu&&google.vel.lu(a);b.src=a;google.li=f+1;google.logUrl=function(a,b,e,c,g)var d="",f=google.ls||"";e||-1!=b.search("&ei=")||(d="&ei="+google.getEI(c),-1==b.search("&lei=")&&(c=google.getLEI(c))&&(d+="&lei="+c));c="";!e&&google.cshid&&-1==b.search("&cshid=")&&"slh"!=a&&(c="&cshid="+google.cshid);a=e||"/"+(g||"gen_204")+"?atyp=i&ct="+a+"&cad="+b+d+f+"&zx="+google.time()+c;/^http:/i.test(a)&&google.https()&&(google.ml(Error("a"),!1,src:a,glmm:1),a="");return a;).call(this);(function()google.y=;google.x=function(a,b)if(a)var c=a.id;elsedo c=Math.random();while(google.y[c])google.y[c]=[a,b];return!1;google.lm=[];google.plm=function(a)google.lm.push.apply(google.lm,a);google.lq=[];google.load=function(a,b,c)google.lq.push([[a],b,c]);google.loadAll=function(a,b)google.lq.push([a,b]);).call(this);google.f=;(function()document.documentElement.addEventListener("submit",function(b)var a;if(a=b.target)var c=a.getAttribute("data-submitfalse");a="1"==c||"q"==c&&!a.elements.q.value?!0:!1else a=!1;a&&(b.preventDefault(),b.stopPropagation()),!0);).call(this);(function()google.hs=h:true,sie:false;)();(function()google.c=gl:false,lhc:false;(function()var e=window.performance;var g=function(a,b,c,d)a.addEventListener?a.removeEventListener(b,c,d||!1):a.attachEvent&&a.detachEvent("on"+b,c),h=function(a,b,c,d)a.addEventListener?a.addEventListener(b,c,d||!1):a.attachEvent&&a.attachEvent("on"+b,c);google.timers=;google.startTick=function(a)google.timers[a]=t:start:google.time(),e:,m:;google.tick=function(a,b,c)google.timers[a]||google.startTick(a);c=void 0!==c?c:google.time();b instanceof Array||(b=[b]);for(var d=0,f;f=b[d++];)google.timers[a].t[f]=c;google.c.e=function(a,b,c)google.timers[a].e[b]=c;google.c.b=function(a)var b=google.timers.load.m;b[a]&&google.ml(Error("a"),!1,m:a);b[a]=!0;google.c.u=function(a)var b=google.timers.load.m;if(b[a])b[a]=!1;for(a in b)if(b[a])return;google.csiReport()else google.ml(Error("b"),!1,m:a);google.rll=function(a,b,c)var d=function(f)c(f);g(a,"load",d);g(a,"error",d);h(a,"load",d);b&&h(a,"error",d);google.aft=function(a)a.setAttribute("data-iml",google.time());google.startTick("load");var k=google.timers.load;a:var l=k.t;if(e)var m=e.timing;if(m)var n=m.navigationStart,p=m.responseStart;if(p>n&&p<=l.start)l.start=p;k.wsrt=p-n;break ae.now&&(k.wsrt=Math.floor(e.now()))google.c.b("pr");google.c.b("xe");if(google.c.gl)var q=function(a)a&&google.aft(a.target);h(document.documentElement,"load",q,!0);google.c.glu=function()g(document.documentElement,"load",q,!0);).call(this);)();(function()var b=[function()google.tick&&google.tick("load","dcl")];google.dclc=function(a)b.length?b.push(a):a();function c()for(var a;a=b.shift();)a()window.addEventListener?(document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",c,!1),window.addEventListener("load",c,!1)):window.attachEvent&&window.attachEvent("onload",c);).call(this);(function()var b=[];google.jsc=xx:b,x:function(a)b.push(a),mm:[],m:function(a)google.jsc.mm.length||(google.jsc.mm=a);).call(this);(function()var f=this||self,g=Date.now||function()return+new Date;var y=;var aa=function(a,c)if(null===c)return!1;if("contains"in a&&1==c.nodeType)return a.contains(c);if("compareDocumentPosition"in a)return a==c||!!(a.compareDocumentPosition(c)&16);for(;c&&a!=c;)c=c.parentNode;return c==a;var ba=function(a,c)return function(d)d||(d=window.event);return c.call(a,d),A=function(a)a=a.target||a.srcElement;!a.getAttribute&&a.parentNode&&(a=a.parentNode);return a,B="undefined"!=typeof navigator&&/Macintosh/.test(navigator.userAgent),ca="undefined"!=typeof navigator&&!/Opera/.test(navigator.userAgent)&&/WebKit/.test(navigator.userAgent),da=A:1,INPUT:1,TEXTAREA:1,SELECT:1,BUTTON:1,ea=function()this._mouseEventsPrevented=!0,F=A:13,BUTTON:0,CHECKBOX:32,COMBOBOX:13,FILE:0,GRIDCELL:13,LINK:13,LISTBOX:13,MENU:0,MENUBAR:0,MENUITEM:0,MENUITEMCHECKBOX:0,MENUITEMRADIO:0,OPTION:0,RADIO:32,RADIOGROUP:32,RESET:0,SUBMIT:0,SWITCH:32,TAB:0,TREE:13,TREEITEM:13,G=CHECKBOX:!0,FILE:!0,OPTION:!0,RADIO:!0,H=COLOR:!0,DATE:!0,DATETIME:!0,"DATETIME-LOCAL":!0,EMAIL:!0,MONTH:!0,NUMBER:!0,PASSWORD:!0,RANGE:!0,SEARCH:!0,TEL:!0,TEXT:!0,TEXTAREA:!0,TIME:!0,URL:!0,WEEK:!0,fa=A:!0,AREA:!0,BUTTON:!0,DIALOG:!0,IMG:!0,INPUT:!0,LINK:!0,MENU:!0,OPTGROUP:!0,OPTION:!0,PROGRESS:!0,SELECT:!0,TEXTAREA:!0;var I=function()this.h=this.a=null,K=function(a,c)var d=J;d.a=a;d.h=c;return d;I.prototype.g=function()var a=this.a;this.a&&this.a!=this.h?this.a=this.a.__owner||this.a.parentNode:this.a=null;return a;var L=function()this.i=[];this.a=0;this.h=null;this.j=!1;L.prototype.g=function()if(this.j)return J.g();if(this.a!=this.i.length)var a=this.i[this.a];this.a++;a!=this.h&&a&&a.__owner&&(this.j=!0,K(a.__owner,this.h));return areturn null;var J=new I,M=new L;var O=function()this.o=[];this.a=[];this.g=[];this.j=;this.h=null;this.i=[];N(this,"_custom"),ha="undefined"!=typeof navigator&&/iPhone|iPad|iPod/.test(navigator.userAgent),P=String.prototype.trim?function(a)return a.trim():function(a)return a.replace(/^\\s+/,"").replace(/\\s+$/,""),ia=/\\s*;\\s*/,ma=function(a,c)return function p(b,l)l=void 0===l?!0:l;var m=c;if("_custom"==m)m=b.detail;if(!m||!m._type)return;m=m._typeif("click"==m&&(B&&b.metaKey||!B&&b.ctrlKey||2==b.which||null==b.which&&\n4==b.button||b.shiftKey))m="clickmod";elsevar k=b.which||b.keyCode;ca&&3==k&&(k=13);if(13!=k&&32!=k)k=!1;elsevar e=A(b),n;(n="keydown"!=b.type||!!(!("getAttribute"in e)||(e.getAttribute("type")||e.tagName).toUpperCase()in H||"BUTTON"==e.tagName.toUpperCase()||e.type&&"FILE"==e.type.toUpperCase()||e.isContentEditable)||b.ctrlKey||b.shiftKey||b.altKey||b.metaKey||(e.getAttribute("type")||e.tagName).toUpperCase()in G&&32==k)||((n=e.tagName in da)||(n=e.getAttributeNode("tabindex"),n=null!=n&&n.specified),n=!(n&&!e.disabled));if(n)k=!1;elsen=(e.getAttribute("role")||e.type||e.tagName).toUpperCase();var q=!(n in F)&&13==k;e="INPUT"!=e.tagName.toUpperCase()||!!e.type;k=(0==F[n]%k||q)&&ek&&(m="clickkey")e=b.srcElement||b.target;k=Q(m,b,e,"",null);b.path?(M.i=b.path,M.a=0,M.h=this,M.j=!1,n=M):n=K(e,this);for(;q=n.g();)var h=q;var r=void 0;var v=h;q=m;var t=v.__jsaction;if(!t)var z;t=null;"getAttribute"in v&&(t=v.getAttribute("jsaction"));if(z=t)t=y[z];if(!t)t=;for(var C=z.split(ia),ja=C?C.length:0,D=0;D<ja;D++)var x=C[D];if(x)var E=x.indexOf(":"),R=-1!=E,ka=R?P(x.substr(0,E)):"click";x=R?P(x.substr(E+1)):x;t[ka]=xy[z]=tv.__jsaction=telse t=la,v.__jsaction=tv=t;"maybe_click"==q&&v.click?(r=q,q="click"):"clickkey"==q?q="click":"click"!=q||v.click||(q="clickonly");r=m:r?r:q,action:v[q]||"",event:null,s:!1;k=Q(r.m,r.event||b,e,r.action||"",h,k.timeStamp);if(r.s||r.action)breakk&&"touchend"==k.eventType&&(k.event._preventMouseEvents=ea);if(r&&r.action)if(e="clickkey"==m)e=A(b),e=(e.type||\ne.tagName).toUpperCase(),(e=32==(b.which||b.keyCode)&&"CHECKBOX"!=e)||(e=A(b),n=e.tagName.toUpperCase(),r=(e.getAttribute("role")||"").toUpperCase(),e="BUTTON"===n||"BUTTON"===r?!0:!(e.tagName.toUpperCase()in fa)||"A"===n||"SELECT"===n||(e.getAttribute("type")||e.tagName).toUpperCase()in G||(e.getAttribute("type")||e.tagName).toUpperCase()in H?!1:!0);e&&(b.preventDefault?b.preventDefault():b.returnValue=!1);if("mouseenter"==m||"mouseleave"==m)if(e=b.relatedTarget,!("mouseover"==b.type&&"mouseenter"==\nm||"mouseout"==b.type&&"mouseleave"==m)||e&&(e===h||aa(h,e)))k.action="",k.actionElement=null;elsem=;for(var u in b)"function"!==typeof b[u]&&"srcElement"!==u&&"target"!==u&&(m[u]=b[u]);m.type="mouseover"==b.type?"mouseenter":"mouseleave";m.target=m.srcElement=h;m.bubbles=!1;k.event=m;k.targetElement=helse k.action="",k.actionElement=null;h=k;a.h&&!h.event.a11ysgd&&(u=Q(h.eventType,h.event,h.targetElement,h.action,h.actionElement,h.timeStamp),"clickonly"==u.eventType&&(u.eventType="click"),a.h(u,!0));if(h.actionElement)if(a.h)!h.actionElement||"A"!=h.actionElement.tagName||"click"!=h.eventType&&"clickmod"!=h.eventType||(b.preventDefault?b.preventDefault():b.returnValue=!1);var w=a.h(h);if(w&&l)p.call(this,w,!1);returnelseif((u=f.document)&&!u.createEvent&&u.createEventObject)tryw=u.createEventObject(b)catch(pa)w=belse w=b;h.event=w;a.i.push(h)if("touchend"==h.event.type&&h.event._mouseEventsPrevented)w=h.event;for(var qa in w);g(),Q=function(a,c,d,b,l,p)returneventType:a,event:c,targetElement:d,action:b,actionElement:l,timeStamp:p||g(),la=,na=function(a,c)return function(d)var b=a,l=c,p=!1;"mouseenter"==b?b="mouseover":"mouseleave"==b&&(b="mouseout");if(d.addEventListener)if("focus"==b||"blur"==b||"error"==b||"load"==b)p=!0;d.addEventListener(b,l,p)else d.attachEvent&&("focus"==b?b="focusin":"blur"==b&&(b="focusout"),l=ba(d,l),d.attachEvent("on"+b,l));returnm:b,l:l,capture:p,N=function(a,c)if(!a.j.hasOwnProperty(c))var d=ma(a,c),b=na(c,d);a.j[c]=d;a.o.push(b);for(d=0;d<a.a.length;++d)var l=a.a[d];l.g.push(b.call(null,l.a))"click"==c&&N(a,"keydown");O.prototype.l=function(a)return this.j[a];var V=function(a,c)var d=new oa(c),b;a:for(b=0;b<a.a.length;b++)if(S(a.a[b],c))b=!0;break ab=!1if(b)return a.g.push(d),d;T(a,d);a.a.push(d);U(a);return d,U=function(a)for(var c=a.g.concat(a.a),d=[],b=[],l=0;l<a.a.length;++l)var p=a.a[l];W(p,c)?(d.push(p),X(p)):b.push(p)for(l=0;l<a.g.length;++l)p=a.g[l],W(p,c)?d.push(p):(b.push(p),T(a,p));a.a=b;a.g=d,T=function(a,c)var d=c.a;ha&&(d.style.cursor="pointer");for(d=0;d<a.o.length;++d)c.g.push(a.o[d].call(null,c.a)),Y=function(a,c)a.h=c;a.i&&\n(0<a.i.length&&c(a.i),a.i=null),oa=function(a)this.a=a;this.g=[],S=function(a,c)for(var d=a.a,b=c;d!=b&&b.parentNode;)b=b.parentNode;return d==b,W=function(a,c)for(var d=0;d<c.length;++d)if(c[d].a!=a.a&&S(c[d],a.a))return!0;return!1,X=function(a)for(var c=0;c<a.g.length;++c)var d=a.a,b=a.g[c];d.removeEventListener?d.removeEventListener(b.m,b.l,b.capture):d.detachEvent&&d.detachEvent("on"+b.m,b.l)a.g=[];var Z=new O;V(Z,window.document.documentElement);N(Z,"click");N(Z,"focus");N(Z,"focusin");N(Z,"blur");N(Z,"focusout");N(Z,"error");N(Z,"load");N(Z,"change");N(Z,"dblclick");N(Z,"input");N(Z,"keyup");N(Z,"keydown");N(Z,"keypress");N(Z,"mousedown");N(Z,"mouseenter");N(Z,"mouseleave");N(Z,"mouseout");N(Z,"mouseover");N(Z,"mouseup");N(Z,"paste");N(Z,"touchstart");N(Z,"touchend");N(Z,"touchcancel");N(Z,"speech");(function(a)google.jsad=function(c)Y(a,c);google.jsaac=function(c)return V(a,c);google.jsarc=function(c)X(c);for(var d=!1,b=0;b<a.a.length;++b)if(a.a[b]===c)a.a.splice(b,1);d=!0;breakif(!d)for(d=0;d<a.g.length;++d)if(a.g[d]===c)a.g.splice(d,1);breakU(a))(Z);window.gws_wizbind=function(a)returntrigger:function(c)var d=a.l(c.type);d||(N(a,c.type),d=a.l(c.type));var b=c.target||c.srcElement;d&&d.call(b.ownerDocument.documentElement,c),bind:function(c)Y(a,c)(Z);).call(this);(function()window.jsarwt=function()return!1;).call(this);var a=window.location,b=a.href.indexOf("#");if(0<=b)var c=a.href.substring(b+1);/(^|&)q=/.test(c)&&-1==c.indexOf("#")&&a.replace("/search?"+c.replace(/(^|&)fp=[^&]*/g,"")+"&cad=h");var k="function"==typeof Object.defineProperties?Object.defineProperty:function(a,e,c)a!=Array.prototype&&a!=Object.prototype&&(a[e]=c.value),l="undefined"!=typeof window&&window===this?this:"undefined"!=typeof global&&null!=global?global:this,m=function(a,e)if(e)for(var c=l,b=a.split("."),f=0;f<b.length-1;f++)var d=b[f];d in c||(c[d]=);c=c[d]b=b[b.length-1];f=c[b];d=e(f);d!=f&&null!=d&&k(c,b,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:d);m("String.prototype.startsWith",function(a)return a?a:function(e,c)if(null==this)throw new TypeError("The \'this\' value for String.prototype.startsWith must not be null or undefined");if(e instanceof RegExp)throw new TypeError("First argument to String.prototype.startsWith must not be a regular expression");var b=this+"";e+="";for(var f=b.length,d=e.length,h=Math.max(0,Math.min(c|0,b.length)),g=0;g<d&&h<f;)if(b[h++]!=e[g++])return!1;return g>=d);google.arwt=function(a)a.href=document.getElementById(a.id.substring(a.id.startsWith("vcs")?3:1)).href;return!0;(function()function e(a)if(!a||/[?&]dsh=1(&|$)/.test(a))return null;if(/[?&]ae=1(&|$)/.test(a))var c=/[?&]adurl=([^&]+)/.exec(a);if(!c)return null;var
.
.
.
<textarea class="csi" name="csi" style="display:none"></textarea>
.
.
.
</script><script src="/xjs/_/js/k=xjs.s.en_GB.67AovsT7uRo.O/ck=xjs.s.8N3EJVB8puY.L.W.O/am=AAAAgEUAu-6AIP9vBQAAgB0DAAABbsEGC4QhocJYnYAIEA/d=1/exm=Fkg7bd,HcFEGb,IvlUe,MC8mtf,OF7gzc,RMhBfe,T4BAC,TJw5qb,TbaHGc,Y33vzc,cdos,csi,d,hsm,iDPoPb,jsa,mvYTse,tg8oTe,uz938c,vWNDde,ws9Tlc,yQ43ff/ed=1/dg=2/br=1/ct=zgms/rs=ACT90oGiS0w5o50czzw_k4qZG0GKuVBevw/m=WgDvvc,aa,abd,async,dvl,fEVMic,foot,lu,m,mUpTid,mu,sb_wiz,sf,sonic,spch,xz7cCd?xjs=s1" async="" gapi_processed="true"></script></body></html>'
tl;博士
您可以在以下位置找到相关讨论：
Way to change Google Chrome user agent in Selenium?【讨论】：
@ninio 你的代码试验不是针对https://www.google.com吗？如果您的要求发生了变化，请随时根据您的新要求提出新问题。 *** 贡献者将很乐意为您提供帮助。
@ninio 如果此/任何答案对您/对您有帮助，对未来的读者有帮助，请为答案投票。【参考方案2】：
一些网站拒绝访问无头浏览器。在您的本地机器上，浏览器不会在 linux 机器上无头运行。您可以通过设置自定义用户代理来规避这种情况：
options.add_argument("user-agent=whatever you want")
如果您将其设置为您在 Windows 机器上使用的用户代理，那应该可以解决问题。
【讨论】：
***.com/questions/54432980/… 我在这里做了所有的事情，但仍然没有帮助...... :(以上是关于在 Linux 上使用无头 Chrome 访问被拒绝页面，而有头 Chrome 通过 Python 使用 Selenium 在 Windows 上工作的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章