Ubuntu 14.04 中的 OpenGL 4.3 开发设置
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【中文标题】Ubuntu 14.04 中的 OpenGL 4.3 开发设置【英文标题】：OpenGL 4.3 development setup in Ubuntu 14.04 【发布时间】：2014-07-29 19:38:37 【问题描述】：我刚刚开始学习 OpenGL SuperBible 第 6 版，并且很难让任何示例在 Ubuntu 14.04 上编译。我安装了开发包依赖项：
sudo apt-get install xorg-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libglfw-dev nvidia-331-dev cmake
我从 skaslev 的 github 获取 gl3w，运行 python 脚本，然后 sudo 将 gl3w.h 和 glcorearb.h 复制到 /usr/include/GL/
我从 SuperBible github 和媒体文件中获取样本，将媒体文件解压缩到 bin/media 中。然后我回到 sb6 文件的根目录（在我的情况下，该文件夹称为 sb6code_2013_11_10）并运行：
cmake .
make
cmake 工作正常，但 make 抛出：
[ 6%] Built target sb6
Linking CXX executable bin/alienrain
CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/src/alienrain/alienrain.cpp.o: In function `sb6::application::run(sb6::application*)':
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x21): undefined reference to `glfwInit'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x7a): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindowHint'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x90): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindowHint'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x9f): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindowHint'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0xae): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindowHint'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0xc4): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindowHint'
CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/src/alienrain/alienrain.cpp.o:alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0xee): more undefined references to `glfwOpenWindowHint' follow
CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/src/alienrain/alienrain.cpp.o: In function `sb6::application::run(sb6::application*)':
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x12c): undefined reference to `glfwGetDesktopMode'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x18e): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindow'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x1a8): undefined reference to `glfwSwapInterval'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x1f2): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindow'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x22e): undefined reference to `glfwSetWindowTitle'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x238): undefined reference to `glfwSetWindowSizeCallback'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x242): undefined reference to `glfwSetKeyCallback'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x24c): undefined reference to `glfwSetMouseButtonCallback'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x256): undefined reference to `glfwSetMousePosCallback'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x260): undefined reference to `glfwSetMouseWheelCallback'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x277): undefined reference to `glfwEnable'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x27e): undefined reference to `glfwDisable'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x28f): undefined reference to `glfwGetWindowParam'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x373): undefined reference to `glfwGetTime'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x393): undefined reference to `glfwSwapBuffers'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x39d): undefined reference to `glfwGetKey'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x3bd): undefined reference to `glfwGetWindowParam'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x3f5): undefined reference to `glfwTerminate'
lib/libsb6.a(gl3w.c.o): In function `open_libgl':
gl3w.c:(.text+0xf): undefined reference to `dlopen'
lib/libsb6.a(gl3w.c.o): In function `close_libgl':
gl3w.c:(.text+0x2b): undefined reference to `dlclose'
lib/libsb6.a(gl3w.c.o): In function `get_proc':
gl3w.c:(.text+0x45): undefined reference to `glXGetProcAddress'
gl3w.c:(.text+0x66): undefined reference to `dlsym'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [bin/alienrain] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2
所以我决定尝试根据书中的清单2.1编写自己的小程序：
#include "sb6.h"
class my_application : public sb6::application
void init()
static const char title[] = "OpenGL SuperBible - Listing 2.1";
sb6::application::init();
memcpy(info.title, title, sizeof(title));
void render(double currentTime)
static const GLfloat red[] = 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f;
glClearBufferfv(GL_COLOR, 0, red);
;
DECLARE_MAIN(my_application)
然后我尝试编译它：
g++ listing2.1.cpp -o listing2.1 -lGL -lGLU -lX11 -lglfw -D_LINUX
但这给了我一组不同的错误：
In file included from sb6.h:65:0,
from listing2.1.cpp:1:
GL/gl3w.h:546:8: error: ‘PFNGLGETNMAPDVARBPROC’ does not name a type
extern PFNGLGETNMAPDVARBPROC gl3wGetnMapdvARB;
^
GL/gl3w.h:547:8: error: ‘PFNGLGETNMAPFVARBPROC’ does not name a type
extern PFNGLGETNMAPFVARBPROC gl3wGetnMapfvARB;
^
GL/gl3w.h:548:8: error: ‘PFNGLGETNMAPIVARBPROC’ does not name a type
extern PFNGLGETNMAPIVARBPROC gl3wGetnMapivARB;
^
GL/gl3w.h:549:8: error: ‘PFNGLGETNPIXELMAPFVARBPROC’ does not name a type
extern PFNGLGETNPIXELMAPFVARBPROC gl3wGetnPixelMapfvARB;
^
GL/gl3w.h:550:8: error: ‘PFNGLGETNPIXELMAPUIVARBPROC’ does not name a type
extern PFNGLGETNPIXELMAPUIVARBPROC gl3wGetnPixelMapuivARB;
^
GL/gl3w.h:551:8: error: ‘PFNGLGETNPIXELMAPUSVARBPROC’ does not name a type
extern PFNGLGETNPIXELMAPUSVARBPROC gl3wGetnPixelMapusvARB;
^
GL/gl3w.h:552:8: error: ‘PFNGLGETNPOLYGONSTIPPLEARBPROC’ does not name a type
extern PFNGLGETNPOLYGONSTIPPLEARBPROC gl3wGetnPolygonStippleARB;
^
GL/gl3w.h:553:8: error: ‘PFNGLGETNCOLORTABLEARBPROC’ does not name a type
extern PFNGLGETNCOLORTABLEARBPROC gl3wGetnColorTableARB;
^
GL/gl3w.h:554:8: error: ‘PFNGLGETNCONVOLUTIONFILTERARBPROC’ does not name a type
extern PFNGLGETNCONVOLUTIONFILTERARBPROC gl3wGetnConvolutionFilterARB;
^
GL/gl3w.h:555:8: error: ‘PFNGLGETNSEPARABLEFILTERARBPROC’ does not name a type
extern PFNGLGETNSEPARABLEFILTERARBPROC gl3wGetnSeparableFilterARB;
^
GL/gl3w.h:556:8: error: ‘PFNGLGETNHISTOGRAMARBPROC’ does not name a type
extern PFNGLGETNHISTOGRAMARBPROC gl3wGetnHistogramARB;
^
GL/gl3w.h:557:8: error: ‘PFNGLGETNMINMAXARBPROC’ does not name a type
extern PFNGLGETNMINMAXARBPROC gl3wGetnMinmaxARB;
^
我在 sb6.h 中检查了 gl3w.h 包含在任何 OpenGL 依赖项之前，这是真的，所以我真的不确定接下来要尝试什么。似乎是一个链接问题，但自从我使用 C++ 开发以来已经有很长时间了，我不确定接下来要尝试什么。
更新
我按照 didierc 的建议，发现有一个 sb6code_2013_11_10/include/GL 文件夹，里面有 gl3w.h 和 glcorearb.h。我暂时将 GL 文件夹移出 sb6code_2013_11_10/include 然后再次运行 cmake 和 make 然后收到以下错误：
Scanning dependencies of target sb6
[ 1%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/src/sb6/sb6.cpp.o
In file included from /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/include/sb6ext.h:29:0,
from /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/include/sb6.h:71,
from /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/src/sb6/sb6.cpp:26:
/usr/include/GL/glext.h:6184:181: error: conflicting declaration ‘typedef void (* PFNGLCLEARNAMEDBUFFERSUBDATAEXTPROC)(GLuint, GLenum, GLsizeiptr, GLsizeiptr, GLenum, GLenum, const void*)’
typedef void (APIENTRYP PFNGLCLEARNAMEDBUFFERSUBDATAEXTPROC) (GLuint buffer, GLenum internalformat, GLsizeiptr offset, GLsizeiptr size, GLenum format, GLenum type, const void *data);
^
In file included from /usr/include/GL/gl3w.h:4:0,
from /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/include/sb6.h:65,
from /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/src/sb6/sb6.cpp:26:
/usr/include/GL/glcorearb.h:4348:25: error: ‘PFNGLCLEARNAMEDBUFFERSUBDATAEXTPROC’ has a previous declaration as ‘typedef void (* PFNGLCLEARNAMEDBUFFERSUBDATAEXTPROC)(GLuint, GLenum, GLenum, GLenum, GLsizeiptr, GLsizeiptr, const void*)’
typedef void (APIENTRYP PFNGLCLEARNAMEDBUFFERSUBDATAEXTPROC) (GLuint buffer, GLenum internalformat, GLenum format, GLenum type, GLsizeiptr offset, GLsizeiptr size, const void *data);
^
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/src/sb6/sb6.cpp.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2
然后我想“好吧，那么也许我会尝试使用 sb6 软件包附带的 gl3w.h 和 glcorearb.h。”于是我恢复了GL文件夹，然后删除了之前用python脚本生成的gl3w.h和glcorearb.h，放在/usr/include/GL中。在 cmake 和 make 之后，我得到这个错误：
[ 1%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/src/sb6/sb6.cpp.o
[ 2%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/src/sb6/sb6ktx.cpp.o
[ 3%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/src/sb6/sb6object.cpp.o
[ 5%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/src/sb6/sb6shader.cpp.o
[ 6%] Building C object CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/src/sb6/gl3w.c.o
Linking CXX static library lib/libsb6.a
[ 6%] Built target sb6
Linking CXX executable bin/alienrain
CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/src/alienrain/alienrain.cpp.o: In function `sb6::application::run(sb6::application*)':
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x21): undefined reference to `glfwInit'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x7a): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindowHint'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x90): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindowHint'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x9f): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindowHint'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0xae): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindowHint'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0xc4): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindowHint'
CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/src/alienrain/alienrain.cpp.o:alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0xee): more undefined references to `glfwOpenWindowHint' follow
CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/src/alienrain/alienrain.cpp.o: In function `sb6::application::run(sb6::application*)':
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x12c): undefined reference to `glfwGetDesktopMode'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x18e): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindow'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x1a8): undefined reference to `glfwSwapInterval'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x1f2): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindow'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x22e): undefined reference to `glfwSetWindowTitle'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x238): undefined reference to `glfwSetWindowSizeCallback'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x242): undefined reference to `glfwSetKeyCallback'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x24c): undefined reference to `glfwSetMouseButtonCallback'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x256): undefined reference to `glfwSetMousePosCallback'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x260): undefined reference to `glfwSetMouseWheelCallback'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x277): undefined reference to `glfwEnable'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x27e): undefined reference to `glfwDisable'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x28f): undefined reference to `glfwGetWindowParam'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x373): undefined reference to `glfwGetTime'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x393): undefined reference to `glfwSwapBuffers'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x39d): undefined reference to `glfwGetKey'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x3bd): undefined reference to `glfwGetWindowParam'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x3f5): undefined reference to `glfwTerminate'
lib/libsb6.a(gl3w.c.o): In function `open_libgl':
gl3w.c:(.text+0xf): undefined reference to `dlopen'
lib/libsb6.a(gl3w.c.o): In function `close_libgl':
gl3w.c:(.text+0x2b): undefined reference to `dlclose'
lib/libsb6.a(gl3w.c.o): In function `get_proc':
gl3w.c:(.text+0x45): undefined reference to `glXGetProcAddress'
gl3w.c:(.text+0x66): undefined reference to `dlsym'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [bin/alienrain] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [all] Error 2
所以我不确定这是否是进步，但至少暴露了一些蛇。任何关于下一步做什么的建议将不胜感激！
更新 2
这是我在 GL 文件夹完好无损的情况下运行 make VERBOSE=1 得到的结果（即就像我下载 sb6 文件时一样，但我也有 glw3.h 和 glcorearb.h /usr/include/GL):
/usr/bin/cmake -H/home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10 -B/home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10 --check-build-system CMakeFiles/Makefile.cmake 0
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_start /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/CMakeFiles /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/CMakeFiles/progress.marks
make -f CMakeFiles/Makefile2 all
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10'
make -f CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/depend
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10'
cd /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10 && /usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_depends "Unix Makefiles" /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10 /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10 /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10 /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10 /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/DependInfo.cmake --color=
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10'
make -f CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/build
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10'
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_report /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/CMakeFiles 51
[ 1%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/src/sb6/sb6.cpp.o
/usr/bin/c++ -D_LINUX -I/home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/include -I/home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/extern/glfw-2.7.6/include -o CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/src/sb6/sb6.cpp.o -c /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/src/sb6/sb6.cpp
Linking CXX static library lib/libsb6.a
/usr/bin/cmake -P CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/cmake_clean_target.cmake
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/link.txt --verbose=1
/usr/bin/ar cr lib/libsb6.a CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/src/sb6/sb6.cpp.o CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/src/sb6/sb6ktx.cpp.o CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/src/sb6/sb6object.cpp.o CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/src/sb6/sb6shader.cpp.o CMakeFiles/sb6.dir/src/sb6/gl3w.c.o
/usr/bin/ranlib lib/libsb6.a
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10'
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_report /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/CMakeFiles 51 52 53 54 55
[ 6%] Built target sb6
make -f CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/depend
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10'
cd /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10 && /usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_depends "Unix Makefiles" /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10 /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10 /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10 /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10 /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/DependInfo.cmake --color=
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10'
make -f CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/build
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10'
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_report /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/CMakeFiles 1
[ 7%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/src/alienrain/alienrain.cpp.o
/usr/bin/c++ -D_LINUX -I/home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/include -I/home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/extern/glfw-2.7.6/include -o CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/src/alienrain/alienrain.cpp.o -c /home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/src/alienrain/alienrain.cpp
Linking CXX executable bin/alienrain
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/link.txt --verbose=1
/usr/bin/c++ -D_LINUX CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/src/alienrain/alienrain.cpp.o -o bin/alienrain -L/home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/lib -rdynamic lib/libsb6.a -Wl,-rpath,/home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10/lib
CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/src/alienrain/alienrain.cpp.o: In function `sb6::application::run(sb6::application*)':
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x21): undefined reference to `glfwInit'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x7a): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindowHint'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x90): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindowHint'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x9f): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindowHint'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0xae): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindowHint'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0xc4): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindowHint'
CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/src/alienrain/alienrain.cpp.o:alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0xee): more undefined references to `glfwOpenWindowHint' follow
CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/src/alienrain/alienrain.cpp.o: In function `sb6::application::run(sb6::application*)':
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x12c): undefined reference to `glfwGetDesktopMode'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x18e): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindow'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x1a8): undefined reference to `glfwSwapInterval'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x1f2): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindow'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x22e): undefined reference to `glfwSetWindowTitle'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x238): undefined reference to `glfwSetWindowSizeCallback'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x242): undefined reference to `glfwSetKeyCallback'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x24c): undefined reference to `glfwSetMouseButtonCallback'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x256): undefined reference to `glfwSetMousePosCallback'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x260): undefined reference to `glfwSetMouseWheelCallback'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x277): undefined reference to `glfwEnable'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x27e): undefined reference to `glfwDisable'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x28f): undefined reference to `glfwGetWindowParam'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x373): undefined reference to `glfwGetTime'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x393): undefined reference to `glfwSwapBuffers'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x39d): undefined reference to `glfwGetKey'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x3bd): undefined reference to `glfwGetWindowParam'
alienrain.cpp:(.text._ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_[_ZN3sb611application3runEPS0_]+0x3f5): undefined reference to `glfwTerminate'
lib/libsb6.a(gl3w.c.o): In function `open_libgl':
gl3w.c:(.text+0xf): undefined reference to `dlopen'
lib/libsb6.a(gl3w.c.o): In function `close_libgl':
gl3w.c:(.text+0x2b): undefined reference to `dlclose'
lib/libsb6.a(gl3w.c.o): In function `get_proc':
gl3w.c:(.text+0x45): undefined reference to `glXGetProcAddress'
gl3w.c:(.text+0x66): undefined reference to `dlsym'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [bin/alienrain] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10'
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/alienrain.dir/all] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/lewa/workspace-cpp/opengl-superbible/sb6code_2013_11_10'
make: *** [all] Error 2
更新 3
我能够使用 sb6 示例代码找到构建问题的解决方案。事实证明，示例代码中包含的 CMakeLists.txt 中有一个错误，其中第 13 行的“elif (UNIX)”应该是“elseif (UNIX)”。请参阅参考资料：
trouble trying to build opengl superbible example code
https://github.com/openglsuperbible/sb6code/issues/12
https://github.com/openglsuperbible/sb6code/issues/8
通过该修复，现在可以为我编译 sb6 示例代码。但是，当我尝试在我自己的示例代码中使用 sb6.h 时（在上面的 my_application 中列出）我仍然得到
In file included from sb6ext.h:29:0,
from sb6.h:71,
from listing2.1.cpp:1:
/usr/include/GL/glext.h:6184:181: error: conflicting declaration ‘typedef void (* PFNGLCLEARNAMEDBUFFERSUBDATAEXTPROC)(GLuint, GLenum, GLsizeiptr, GLsizeiptr, GLenum, GLenum, const void*)’
typedef void (APIENTRYP PFNGLCLEARNAMEDBUFFERSUBDATAEXTPROC) (GLuint buffer, GLenum internalformat, GLsizeiptr offset, GLsizeiptr size, GLenum format, GLenum type, const void *data);
^
In file included from /usr/include/GL/gl3w.h:4:0,
from sb6.h:65,
from listing2.1.cpp:1:
/usr/include/GL/glcorearb.h:4348:25: error: ‘PFNGLCLEARNAMEDBUFFERSUBDATAEXTPROC’ has a previous declaration as ‘typedef void (* PFNGLCLEARNAMEDBUFFERSUBDATAEXTPROC)(GLuint, GLenum, GLenum, GLenum, GLsizeiptr, GLsizeiptr, const void*)’
typedef void (APIENTRYP PFNGLCLEARNAMEDBUFFERSUBDATAEXTPROC) (GLuint buffer, GLenum internalformat, GLenum format, GLenum type, GLsizeiptr offset, GLsizeiptr size, const void *data);
^
【问题讨论】：
也许你有不同版本的glcorearb.h 冲突：检查/usr/include/GL 或/usr/local/include/GL（或者你的$PATH 中的其他目录）看看那里是否安装了一个。 sb6.h 可能希望在它自己的子目录中找到那个，其中包含*define gcc 抱怨的内容。
试过了 - 更新后
您没有与glfw3、GLX 和dl 链接。 make VERBOSE=1 应该向您显示正在发出的实际命令；如果您无法理解它，请将其附加到问题中。如果您可以编译并运行任何 glfw 示例 - 您的设置就可以了。
已更新。在这种情况下如何链接 glfw？感谢您的帮助！
我用 sb6 代码解决了编译问题，但在编译我自己的示例时仍然遇到问题。查看更新。
【参考方案1】：
我能够通过修复 CMakeLists.txt 中的一个错误来解决 sb6 示例代码编译问题，其中第 13 行的“elif (UNIX)”应该是“elseif (UNIX)”。请参阅以下内容以获取参考：
trouble trying to build opengl superbible example code
https://github.com/openglsuperbible/sb6code/issues/12
https://github.com/openglsuperbible/sb6code/issues/8
当我在自己的代码中使用 sb6.h 时，我还没有解决我的编译问题，但是当我这样做时会更新这个答案
【讨论】：
更新：在我自己的代码中使用 sb6.h 时，我仍然没有解决冲突声明错误。事实上，我已经完全停止使用 SuperBible，而是阅读 Anton Gerdelan 的 book 和 website 以及 arcsynthesis tutorials，从代码和可读性的角度来看，它们都更易于访问。以上是关于Ubuntu 14.04 中的 OpenGL 4.3 开发设置的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章
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