将 curl POST 与 bash 脚本函数中定义的变量一起使用
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【中文标题】将 curl POST 与 bash 脚本函数中定义的变量一起使用【英文标题】:Using curl POST with variables defined in bash script functions 【发布时间】:2013-06-06 11:08:28 【问题描述】:当我回显时,我得到了这个,当我将它输入终端时运行
curl -i \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type:application/json" \
-X POST --data '"account":"email":"akdgdtk@test.com","screenName":"akdgdtk","type":"NIKE","passwordSettings":"password":"Starwars1","passwordConfirm":"Starwars1","firstName":"Test","lastName":"User","middleName":"ObiWan","locale":"en_US","registrationSiteId":"520","receiveEmail":"false","dateOfBirth":"1984-12-25","mobileNumber":"9175555555","gender":"male","fuelActivationDate":"2010-10-22","postalCode":"10022","country":"US","city":"Beverton","state":"OR","bio":"This is a test user","jpFirstNameKana":"unsure","jpLastNameKana":"ofthis","height":"80","weight":"175","distanceUnit":"MILES","weightUnit":"POUNDS","heightUnit":"FT/INCHES"' https://xxx:xxxxx@xxxx-www.xxxxx.com/xxxxx/xxxx/xxxx
但是当在 bash 脚本文件中运行时,我得到了这个错误
curl: (6) Could not resolve host: application; nodename nor servname provided, or not known
curl: (6) Could not resolve host: is; nodename nor servname provided, or not known
curl: (6) Could not resolve host: a; nodename nor servname provided, or not known
curl: (6) Could not resolve host: test; nodename nor servname provided, or not known
curl: (3) [globbing] unmatched close brace/bracket at pos 158
这是文件中的代码
curl -i \
-H '"'Accept: application/json'"' \
-H '"'Content-Type:application/json'"' \
-X POST --data "'"'"account":"email":"'$email'","screenName":"'$screenName'","type":"'$theType'","passwordSettings":"password":"'$password'","passwordConfirm":"'$password'","firstName":"'$firstName'","lastName":"'$lastName'","middleName":"'$middleName'","locale":"'$locale'","registrationSiteId":"'$registrationSiteId'","receiveEmail":"'$receiveEmail'","dateOfBirth":"'$dob'","mobileNumber":"'$mobileNumber'","gender":"'$gender'","fuelActivationDate":"'$fuelActivationDate'","postalCode":"'$postalCode'","country":"'$country'","city":"'$city'","state":"'$state'","bio":"'$bio'","jpFirstNameKana":"'$jpFirstNameKana'","jpLastNameKana":"'$jpLastNameKana'","height":"'$height'","weight":"'$weight'","distanceUnit":"MILES","weightUnit":"POUNDS","heightUnit":"FT/INCHES"'"'" "https://xxx:xxxxx@xxxx-www.xxxxx.com/xxxxx/xxxx/xxxx"
我认为我的引号有问题,但我经常使用它们,并且遇到过类似的错误。所有变量都在实际脚本中用不同的函数定义
【问题讨论】:
【参考方案1】:您不需要将包含自定义标题的引号传递给 curl。此外,data
参数中间的变量应该被引用。
首先,编写一个生成脚本发布数据的函数。这使您免于遇到关于 shell 引用的各种麻烦,并且比您尝试在 curl 的调用行上提供 post 数据更容易阅读维护脚本:
generate_post_data()
cat <<EOF
"account":
"email": "$email",
"screenName": "$screenName",
"type": "$theType",
"passwordSettings":
"password": "$password",
"passwordConfirm": "$password"
,
"firstName": "$firstName",
"lastName": "$lastName",
"middleName": "$middleName",
"locale": "$locale",
"registrationSiteId": "$registrationSiteId",
"receiveEmail": "$receiveEmail",
"dateOfBirth": "$dob",
"mobileNumber": "$mobileNumber",
"gender": "$gender",
"fuelActivationDate": "$fuelActivationDate",
"postalCode": "$postalCode",
"country": "$country",
"city": "$city",
"state": "$state",
"bio": "$bio",
"jpFirstNameKana": "$jpFirstNameKana",
"jpLastNameKana": "$jpLastNameKana",
"height": "$height",
"weight": "$weight",
"distanceUnit": "MILES",
"weightUnit": "POUNDS",
"heightUnit": "FT/INCHES"
EOF
然后很容易在 curl 的调用中使用该函数:
curl -i \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type:application/json" \
-X POST --data "$(generate_post_data)" "https://xxx:xxxxx@xxxx-www.xxxxx.com/xxxxx/xxxx/xxxx"
说到这里,这里对shell引用规则做几点说明:
-H
参数中的双引号(如-H "foo bar"
)告诉 bash 将里面的内容保留为单个参数(即使它包含空格)。
--data
参数中的单引号(如 --data 'foo bar'
)的作用相同,只是它们逐字传递所有文本(包括双引号字符和美元符号)。
要在单引号文本中间插入变量,你必须结束单引号,然后与双引号变量连接,然后重新打开单引号以继续文本:'foo bar'"$variable"'more foo'
。
【讨论】:
"'"$EOF
。删除后一切正常。
@dbreaux 这取决于你在哪里运行 curl 命令。如果命令在脚本中,您只需在同一脚本中的任何位置定义函数即可。如果您直接从命令行运行 curl,您有几个选项,其中之一是在新文件中键入函数,然后在命令行运行 source my_new_file
以在当前环境中定义函数。之后,您可以按照指示运行 curl 命令。
@slashdottir 这是一个名为 Here Documents 的 bash 功能。您可以在this link 上阅读有关它的更多详细信息 - 特别是请查看示例 19-5。 SO上也已经有full question about it。【参考方案2】:
Athos 爵士提供的信息完美运行!!
以下是我必须在我的 curl 脚本中为 couchDB 使用它的方法。它真的有帮助 出了很多。谢谢!
bin/curl -X PUT "db_domain_name_:5984/_config/vhosts/$1.couchdb" -d '"/'"$1"'/"' --user "admin:*****"
【讨论】:
【参考方案3】:Curl 可以从文件中发布二进制数据,因此我一直在使用进程替换并利用文件描述符,只要我需要使用 curl 发布令人讨厌的内容并且仍然想要访问当前 shell 中的变量。比如:
curl "http://localhost:8080" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type:application/json" \
--data @<(cat <<EOF
"me": "$USER",
"something": $(date +%s)
EOF
)
这最终看起来像--data @/dev/fd/<some number>
,它只是像普通文件一样被处理。无论如何,如果你想看到它在本地工作,只需先运行nc -l 8080
,然后在不同的 shell 中触发上述命令。你会看到类似的东西:
POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
User-Agent: curl/7.43.0
Accept: application/json
Content-Type:application/json
Content-Length: 43
"me": "username", "something": 1465057519
如您所见,您可以在 heredoc 中调用 subshell 和诸如此类的东西以及引用 var。快乐的黑客希望这有助于'"'"'""""'''""''
。
【讨论】:
另一个答案对我不起作用,因为我试图在 Zabbix 的警报中调用它。这个完美解决了,更干净。 但是如果你把代码放在一个 bash 函数中会怎样:myFunction () .... ? 值得注意的是,这个配方只有在脚本被逐字复制时才有效(即没有重新格式化 EOF、大括号等) 就简单性、可读性而言,我想说的最优雅的答案..【参考方案4】:使用https://httpbin.org/ 和内联bash 脚本测试的解决方案1. 对于其中没有空格的变量,即1
:
替换时只需在$variable
前后添加'
字符串
for i in 1..3; do \
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d \
'"number":"'$i'"' "https://httpbin.org/post"; \
done
2. 对于带空格的输入:
用附加的"
包装变量,即"el a"
:
declare -a arr=("el a" "el b" "el c"); for i in "$arr[@]"; do \
curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d \
'"elem":"'"$i"'"' "https://httpbin.org/post"; \
done
哇好用:)
【讨论】:
当$i
包含空格时不起作用。 :(
你能举个例子吗?
当然。 i="a b"
而不是 for 循环
我发现接受和第二个投票的答案在/bin/sh
中不起作用。然而,这个答案成功了。它比其他答案简单得多。太感谢了!我已经用一些更好的换行格式编辑了你的答案。否则,很难发现光彩。干杯队友
非常感谢@pbaranski 你节省了我很多时间【参考方案5】:
晚了几年,但如果您使用 eval 或反引号替换,这可能会对某人有所帮助:
postDataJson="\"guid\":\"$guid\",\"auth_token\":\"$token\""
使用 sed 去除响应开头和结尾的引号
$(curl --silent -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://$target_host/runs/get-work -d $postDataJson | sed -e 's/^"//' -e 's/"$//')
【讨论】:
【参考方案6】:现有答案指出 curl 可以从文件中发布数据,并使用 heredocs 来避免过多的引号转义,并清楚地将 JSON 分解为新行。但是,不需要定义函数或从 cat 捕获输出,因为 curl 可以从标准输入发布数据。我觉得这个表格非常易读:
curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '$@-' $API_URL << EOF
"account":
"email": "$email",
"screenName": "$screenName",
"type": "$theType",
"passwordSettings":
"password": "$password",
"passwordConfirm": "$password"
,
"firstName": "$firstName",
"lastName": "$lastName",
"middleName": "$middleName",
"locale": "$locale",
"registrationSiteId": "$registrationSiteId",
"receiveEmail": "$receiveEmail",
"dateOfBirth": "$dob",
"mobileNumber": "$mobileNumber",
"gender": "$gender",
"fuelActivationDate": "$fuelActivationDate",
"postalCode": "$postalCode",
"country": "$country",
"city": "$city",
"state": "$state",
"bio": "$bio",
"jpFirstNameKana": "$jpFirstNameKana",
"jpLastNameKana": "$jpLastNameKana",
"height": "$height",
"weight": "$weight",
"distanceUnit": "MILES",
"weightUnit": "POUNDS",
"heightUnit": "FT/INCHES"
EOF
【讨论】:
【参考方案7】:在此处的答案指导后,这对我真正有用:
export BASH_VARIABLE="[1,2,3]"
curl http://localhost:8080/path -d "$(cat <<EOF
"name": $BASH_VARIABLE,
"something": [
"value1",
"value2",
"value3"
]
EOF
)" -H 'Content-Type: application/json'
【讨论】:
【参考方案8】:将数据放入 txt 文件对我有用
bash --version
GNU bash, version 4.2.46(2)-release (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)
curl --version
curl 7.29.0 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)
cat curl_data.txt
"type":"index-pattern", "excludeExportDetails": true
curl -X POST http://localhost:30560/api/saved_objects/_export -H 'kbn-xsrf: true' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d "$(cat curl_data.txt)" -o out.json
【讨论】:
当然可以,但是之后您需要清理一个讨厌的临时文件。这仅在 Windows 上才真正有用,在这种情况下您无法可靠地将变量插入字符串。【参考方案9】:我们可以使用单引号 '
为 curl 分配一个 变量,并将 一些其他变量 包裹在双单双引号 "'"
中以在 中进行替换>卷曲变量。然后我们可以轻松地使用 curl-variable,这里是 MERGE
。
例子:
# other variables ...
REF_NAME="new-branch";
# variable for curl using single quote => ' not double "
MERGE='
"repository": "tmp",
"command": "git",
"args": [
"pull",
"origin",
"'"$REF_NAME"'"
],
"options":
"cwd": "/home/git/tmp"
';
注意这一行:
"'"$REF_NAME"'"
所以我们可以使用这个 bash 变量 $MERGE
并像往常一样调用 curl:
curl -s -X POST localhost:1365/M -H 'Content-Type: application/json' --data "$MERGE"
【讨论】:
由于某种原因,shell 脚本转义了引号,占位符的正确引号组合为我做到了。some_body='"query":"/v1/'$some_id'","body":""' curl --data "$some_body" 'https://some.url'
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