为啥我不能用 gem install rails -v 4.0.0 安装 rails？

Posted 2023-02-15

【中文标题】为啥我不能用 gem install rails -v 4.0.0 安装 rails？

【英文标题】：Why I can't install rails with gem install rails -v 4.0.0?为什么我不能用 gem install rails -v 4.0.0 安装 rails？

【发布时间】：2013-11-30 16:37:03

【问题描述】：

我已经安装在 GNU/Linux 上：

rvm 1.23.16（稳定版）作者 Wayne E. Seguin，Michal Papis [https://rvm.io/] ruby 2.0.0p247（2013-06-27 修订版 41674）[x86_64-darwin12.4.0]

我的系统中显然有所有 gem，但是当我运行命令时：gem install rails -v 4.0.0 它表明安装了一个 gem。但是 Rails 还没有安装。

当我使用gem install rails -v 4.0.0 或gem install rails --version=4.0 发生这种情况：

Parsing documentation for rails-4.0.0
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/belongs_to.png, skipping
unable to convert "\xF4" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/book_icon.gif, skipping
unable to convert "\x91" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/bullet.gif, skipping
unable to convert "\xF5" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/chapters_icon.gif, skipping
unable to convert "\xF5" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/check_bullet.gif, skipping
unable to convert "\xF4" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/credits_pic_blank.gif, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/csrf.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/edge_badge.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x9E" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/favicon.ico, skipping
unable to convert "\x80" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/feature_tile.gif, skipping
unable to convert "\x80" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/footer_tile.gif, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/fxn.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/getting_started/challenge.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/getting_started/confirm_dialog.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/getting_started/forbidden_attributes_for_new_post.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/getting_started/form_with_errors.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/getting_started/index_action_with_edit_link.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/getting_started/new_post.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/getting_started/post_with_comments.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/getting_started/rails_welcome.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/getting_started/routing_error_no_controller.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/getting_started/routing_error_no_route_matches.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/getting_started/show_action_for_posts.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/getting_started/template_is_missing_posts_new.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/getting_started/undefined_method_post_path.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/getting_started/unknown_action_create_for_posts.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/getting_started/unknown_action_new_for_posts.png, skipping
unable to convert "\xF0" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/grey_bullet.gif, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/habtm.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/has_many.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/has_many_through.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/has_one.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/has_one_through.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/header_backdrop.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x80" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/header_tile.gif, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/i18n/demo_html_safe.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/i18n/demo_localized_pirate.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/i18n/demo_translated_en.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/i18n/demo_translated_pirate.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/i18n/demo_translation_missing.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/i18n/demo_untranslated.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/callouts/1.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/callouts/10.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/callouts/11.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/callouts/12.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/callouts/13.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/callouts/14.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/callouts/15.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/callouts/2.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/callouts/3.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/callouts/4.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/callouts/5.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/callouts/6.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/callouts/7.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/callouts/8.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/callouts/9.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/caution.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/example.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/home.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/important.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/next.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/note.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/prev.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/tip.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/up.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/icons/warning.png, skipping
unable to convert "\xFF" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/jaimeiniesta.jpg, skipping
unable to convert "\xF5" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/nav_arrow.gif, skipping
unable to convert "\xFF" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/oscardelben.jpg, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/polymorphic.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/radar.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/rails4_features.png, skipping
unable to convert "\xFF" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/rails_guides_kindle_cover.jpg, skipping
unable to convert "\xEC" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/rails_guides_logo.gif, skipping
unable to convert "\x8C" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/rails_logo_remix.gif, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/session_fixation.png, skipping
unable to convert "\x80" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/tab_grey.gif, skipping
unable to convert "\x80" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/tab_info.gif, skipping
unable to convert "\x80" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/tab_note.gif, skipping
unable to convert "\x80" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/tab_red.gif, skipping
unable to convert "\x80" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/tab_yellow.gif, skipping
unable to convert "\x89" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/tab_yellow.png, skipping
unable to convert "\xFF" from ASCII-8BIT to UTF-8 for guides/assets/images/vijaydev.jpg, skipping
1 gem installed

如何使用 RVM 安装 Rails 4.0.0？

【问题讨论】：

你怎么知道“Rails 还没有安装”？

+1 & rails -v 显示什么？

gem list 显示了什么。和which gem 你在用吗？

好吧，rails -v 显示包 rails 没有安装。并给出使用 apt-get install rails 安装的简单建议。但是，如果我想为 rails 4.0.0 使用 rvm 和特定 gem，这种方式没有意义。

您能否检查gem install rails --version=4.0 是否有效并告诉我们？

【参考方案1】：

我已经与新的 Rails 用户一起处理了很多这个问题，人们经常错过的是在安装后重新启动终端（或任何 shell）。 您看到一个 gem 已安装但之后无法立即找到它的事实可能是一种症状。（知道这是一个旧帖子，但试图帮助减轻痛苦。）

【参考方案2】：

运行这个命令

$ . ~/.bash_profile 

rvm 安装后

【讨论】：

大功告成。我认为我需要逐步展示我的安装。

这个问题与rvm无关。

@carols10cents 安装时出现提示无法转换 beetwen ASCII 和字符模式 UTF 的所有行？

@VitaliyKrushelnitsky 这正是我使用的基本内容。 Carol 公开的方法可以精确地解决文档问题。

【参考方案3】：

在您的机器上安装 Rails 文档时会创建这些错误消息。我发现两个 Rails 问题讨论这个问题：#9590 和 #11814。

这最终是 an issue with rdoc and ruby 2.0 是 fixed，但还没有在 rdoc 的发布版本中。

有几种方法可以解决这个问题，我按我可能会尝试的顺序列出它们：

不要使用 rails gem 安装文档；而不是运行gem install rails 做gem install rails --no-rdoc --no-ri。无论如何，我几乎从不使用内置文档，所以我的 ~/.gemrc 文件中实际上有 gem: --no-ri --no-rdoc，因此永远不会为任何 gem 安装文档。

在没有文档的情况下安装 rails，如 #1，然后使用 rdoc 和 --exclude='.dat' 标志手动构建文档，如 rdoc --exclude='.dat' activesupport/lib 构建 activesupport 文档，as recommended in this comment。

在比ceb81dd11 晚的提交处从 github 安装 rdoc。在您的 Gemfile 中使用 bundler 的 git 或 github 选项可以轻松完成此操作，但必须有其他原因导致新版本尚未发布，因此可能存在错误。

【讨论】：

我很快就会仔细考虑您的考虑，因为我解决了que但形状非常实验性的问题。目前我可以说我确实重新安装了 Rails 工作所需的所有 gem，个性化，而不是连接，尽管之前发生了任何错误。

关于分离安装rails和文档的方法你是对的。从现在开始对我有用，谢谢。但是，我仍然没有成功安装导轨的简单任务。命令运行，显示安装了一个 gem，但是任何版本的 rails 都成为我环境的一部分。很奇怪。

我建议您开始一个新问题，描述您现在看到的内容，因为您已经克服了这些错误。我怀疑您的 PATH、rvm、rvm gemsets、bundler 或您的系统 ruby​​ 有问题...

我在 Debian 7.2 和 Ubuntu 12.04 上安装了相同的模式，只是建议增加参数，不要在 Rails 安装的同一过程中安装文档：> gem install rails -v 4.0 .0 --no-rdoc --no-ri。感谢您的关注。