如何关闭 ExecutorService?

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【中文标题】如何关闭 ExecutorService?【英文标题】:How to shutdown an ExecutorService? 【发布时间】:2012-05-17 06:21:25 【问题描述】:

每当我拨打shutdownNow()shutdown() 时,它都不会关闭。我读过一些帖子,上面说不能保证关闭 - 有人可以为我提供一个好的方法吗?

【问题讨论】:

请将正确答案标记为已接受 【参考方案1】:

最好的方法是我们在 javadoc 中实际拥有的:

以下方法分两个阶段关闭ExecutorService, 首先调用shutdown 拒绝传入的任务,然后调用 shutdownNow,如有必要,取消任何挥之不去的任务:

void shutdownAndAwaitTermination(ExecutorService pool) 
    pool.shutdown(); // Disable new tasks from being submitted
    try 
        // Wait a while for existing tasks to terminate
        if (!pool.awaitTermination(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) 
            pool.shutdownNow(); // Cancel currently executing tasks
            // Wait a while for tasks to respond to being cancelled
            if (!pool.awaitTermination(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS))
                System.err.println("Pool did not terminate");
        
     catch (InterruptedException ie) 
        // (Re-)Cancel if current thread also interrupted
        pool.shutdownNow();
        // Preserve interrupt status
        Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
    

【讨论】:

【参考方案2】:

典型的模式是:

executorService.shutdownNow();
executorService.awaitTermination();

当调用shutdownNow 时,执行程序(通常)会尝试中断它管理的线程。要使关闭优雅,您需要在线程中捕获中断的异常或检查中断状态。如果您不这样做,您的线程将永远运行,您的执行程序将永远无法关闭。这是因为 Java 中线程的中断是一个协作过程(即,当要求停止时,中断代码必须做某事,而不是中断代码)。

例如,以下代码打印Exiting normally...。但是如果你注释掉if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) break;这一行,它将打印Still waiting...,因为执行器中的线程仍在运行。

public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException 
    ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
    executor.submit(new Runnable() 

        @Override
        public void run() 
            while (true) 
                if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) break;
            
        
    );

    executor.shutdownNow();
    if (!executor.awaitTermination(100, TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS)) 
        System.out.println("Still waiting...");
        System.exit(0);
    
    System.out.println("Exiting normally...");

或者,它可以用InterruptedException 写成这样:

public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException 
    ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
    executor.submit(new Runnable() 

        @Override
        public void run() 
            try 
                while (true) Thread.sleep(10);
             catch (InterruptedException e) 
                //ok let's get out of here
            
        
    );

    executor.shutdownNow();
    if (!executor.awaitTermination(100, TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS)) 
        System.out.println("Still waiting...");
        System.exit(0);
    
    System.out.println("Exiting normally...");

【讨论】:

你知道shutdown是否也启动Thread.interrupt(),从Java API看来shutdown似乎没有中断线程? @Bionix1441 不,它没有。 shutdownNow 确实如此。

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