创建调用方法的类的2个不同实例？
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【中文标题】创建调用方法的类的2个不同实例？【英文标题】：Create 2 different instances of a class that calls methods? 【发布时间】：2022-01-21 06:07:39 【问题描述】：我设法开发了一个模拟食品外卖订购系统的程序。我创建了Takeout 类及其函数，这些函数成功地接受我自己的输入并打印出我的订单。我的问题是尝试开发调用方法来执行随机人订单代码的类实例（即苏珊的订单为Susan = Takeout()，或罗伯特的订单为Robert = Takeout()）。我想包括那些充当演示的实例供观众观看，但我不知道如何去做。
我的编码如下所示（目前按预期工作）：
Menu = ["fries", "Shack Burger", "Smoke Shack", "Chicken Shack", "Avocado Bacon Burger", "hamburger", "cheeseburger",
"hotdog", "chicken bites", "cookie", "apple cider", "soda", "milkshake", "iced tea", "water"] # Here, this
# identifies the food and drinks that the user can order for takeout.
# This lists the prices for each food and drink.
costs = [3.59, 6.89, 8.59, 8.19, 9.29, 6.39, 6.79, 4.49, 5.59, 6.59, 4.09, 3.29, 6.09, 3.29, 3.19]
class Takeout(object):
def __init__(self, name, price):
self.name = name
self.price = price
def getprice(self):
return self.price
def __str__(self):
return self.name + ' : $' + str(self.getprice())
def buildmenu(Menu, costs): # Defining a function for building a Menu which generates list of food and drinks
menu = []
for i in range(len(Menu)):
menu.append(Takeout(Menu[i], costs[i]))
return menu
total_price = 0
current_order = []
current_price = []
def get_order():
global total_price
while True:
print("\nWelcome to Shake Shack! What can I get for you? ")
order = input()
if order == "1":
current_order.append(Menu[0])
current_price.append(costs[0])
total_price = total_price + (costs[0])
print(Menu[0] + " - " "$", costs[0])
elif order == "2":
current_order.append(Menu[1])
current_price.append(costs[1])
total_price = total_price + (costs[1])
print(Menu[1] + " - " "$", costs[1])
elif order == "3":
current_order.append(Menu[2])
current_price.append(costs[2])
total_price = total_price + (costs[2])
print(Menu[2] + " - " "$", costs[2])
elif order == "4":
current_order.append(Menu[3])
current_price.append(costs[3])
total_price = total_price + (costs[3])
print(Menu[3] + " - " "$", costs[3])
elif order == "5":
current_order.append(Menu[4])
current_price.append(costs[4])
total_price = total_price + (costs[4])
print(Menu[4] + " - " "$", costs[4])
elif order == "6":
current_order.append(Menu[5])
current_price.append(costs[5])
total_price = total_price + (costs[5])
print(Menu[5] + " - " "$", costs[5])
elif order == "7":
current_order.append(Menu[6])
current_price.append(costs[6])
total_price = total_price + (costs[6])
print(Menu[6] + " - " "$", costs[6])
elif order == "8":
current_order.append(Menu[7])
current_price.append(costs[7])
total_price = total_price + (costs[7])
print(Menu[7] + " - " "$", costs[7])
elif order == "9":
current_order.append(Menu[8])
current_price.append(costs[8])
total_price = total_price + (costs[8])
print(Menu[8] + " - " "$", costs[8])
elif order == "10":
current_order.append(Menu[9])
current_price.append(costs[9])
total_price = total_price + (costs[9])
print(Menu[9] + " - " "$", costs[9])
elif order == "11":
current_order.append(Menu[10])
current_price.append(costs[10])
total_price = total_price + (costs[10])
print(Menu[10] + " - " "$", costs[10])
elif order == "12":
current_order.append(Menu[11])
current_price.append(costs[11])
total_price = total_price + (costs[11])
print(Menu[11] + " - " "$", costs[11])
elif order == "13":
current_order.append(Menu[12])
current_price.append(costs[12])
total_price = total_price + (costs[12])
print(Menu[12] + " - " "$", costs[12])
elif order == "14":
current_order.append(Menu[13])
current_price.append(costs[13])
counter = counter + 1
total_price = total_price + (costs[13])
print(Menu[13] + " - " "$", costs[13])
elif order == "15":
current_order.append(Menu[14])
current_price.append(costs[14])
total_price = total_price + (costs[14])
print(Menu[14] + " - " "$", costs[14])
else:
print("Sorry, we don't serve that here.\n")
continue
if is_order_complete():
return current_order, total_price
def is_order_complete():
print("Done! Anything else you would like to order? (Say 'yes' or 'no')")
choice = input()
if choice == "no":
return True
elif choice == "yes":
return False
else:
raise Exception("Sorry. That is an invalid input.")
def output_order(counter, total_price):
print("\nOkay, so just to be sure, you want to order: ")
print("---------------------")
print(current_order)
print("---------------------")
print("Your order will cost $", str(total_price), "for today.")
MyFood = buildmenu(Menu, costs) # Here, we build the Takeout menu for the user.
print("\nWelcome to Shake Shack! Please review our menu before ordering, as you can only order each item *once*!\n")
n = 1
for el in MyFood:
print(n, '. ', el)
n = n + 1
def main():
order = get_order()
output_order(order, total_price)
print("\nThank you for your order! Please proceed to the next window for payment. Your order will be ready at the "
"3rd window. Have a nice day!")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
这是程序的输出：
Welcome to Shake Shack! Please review our menu before ordering, as you can only order each item *once*!
1 . fries : $3.59
2 . Shack Burger : $6.89
3 . Smoke Shack : $8.59
4 . Chicken Shack : $8.19
5 . Avocado Bacon Burger : $9.29
6 . hamburger : $6.39
7 . cheeseburger : $6.79
8 . hotdog : $4.49
9 . chicken bites : $5.59
10 . cookie : $6.59
11 . apple cider : $4.09
12 . soda : $3.29
13 . milkshake : $6.09
14 . iced tea : $3.29
15 . water : $3.19
Welcome to Shake Shack! What can I get for you?
1
fries - $ 3.59
Done! Anything else you would like to order? (Say 'yes' or 'no')
yes
Welcome to Shake Shack! What can I get for you?
4
Chicken Shack - $ 8.19
Done! Anything else you would like to order? (Say 'yes' or 'no')
yes
Welcome to Shake Shack! What can I get for you?
2
Shack Burger - $ 6.89
Done! Anything else you would like to order? (Say 'yes' or 'no')
yes
Welcome to Shake Shack! What can I get for you?
11
apple cider - $ 4.09
Done! Anything else you would like to order? (Say 'yes' or 'no')
yes
Welcome to Shake Shack! What can I get for you?
15
water - $ 3.19
Done! Anything else you would like to order? (Say 'yes' or 'no')
no
Okay, so just to be sure, you want to order:
---------------------
['fries', 'Chicken Shack', 'Shack Burger', 'apple cider', 'water']
---------------------
Your order will cost $ 25.95 for today.
Thank you for your order! Please proceed to the next window for payment. Your order will be ready at the 3rd window. Have a nice day!
Process finished with exit code 0
【问题讨论】：
我不明白你的问题。这里有很多代码，看起来并不相关。你能提供一个简单的例子来说明你想要完成的事情吗？ 换句话说，请提供minimal reproducible example。 我很抱歉@juanpa.arrivillaga 没有展示一个清晰的例子，不知道如何包含控制台的输出。我在上面显示的帖子中包含了一个基本示例，其中涉及我从列出的菜单项中输入我自己的订单，其中计算我的订单的总价格并打印订单和价格。我想通过实现类实例而不使用用户输入来执行此操作，但我不确定如何执行此操作。 【参考方案1】：问题是您的所有方法都在类之外，使它们成为函数，这使您无法将客户的订单保存在您创建的类实例中。
我编辑了您的代码，将这两个列表变成了字典并简化了 if 语句（它不接受除 1 到 15 和“c”之外的任何内容）。它可以进一步优化（或扩展），但我把它留给你：
注意 - 在 Ubuntu 20.04 上测试，使用 Python 3.8
class Takeout(object):
menu = "fries": 3.59, "Shack Burger": 6.89, "Smoke Shack": 8.59, "Chicken Shack": 8.19,
"Avocado Bacon Burger": 9.29, "hamburger": 6.39, "cheeseburger": 6.79,
"hotdog": 4.49, "chicken bites": 5.59, "cookie": 6.59,
"apple cider": 4.09, "soda": 3.29, "milkshake": 6.09,
"iced tea": 3.29, "water": 3.19,
customer_name = ""
total_price = 0.0
items_ordered =
def __init__(self, customer_name):
self.customer_name = customer_name
# Clear values before each instance
self.total_price = 0.0
self.items_ordered =
print(f"\nWelcome to Shake Shack, customer_name! " +
"Please review our menu before ordering:\n")
for i, (key, value) in enumerate(self.menu.items()):
print(f"i + 1. key: $value:.2f")
def get_order(self):
print("\nWhat can I get for you?")
while True:
print("\nEnter a menu item number or 'c' to complete your order: ", end="")
choice = input()
if choice.lower() == "c":
break
# Ensure choice can be converted to a digit,
# and that it is between 1 and 15
elif choice.isdigit() and (0 < int(choice) <= len(self.menu)):
# Convert the menu into a list
menu_list = list(self.menu.items())
# Rebase choice from 1-15 to 0-14
c = int(choice) - 1
# Get the chosen dict obj from the menu list (using its index)
# and append it to the order dict
self.items_ordered.update(menu_list[c])
# Add the price of the item to the total price
self.total_price += menu_list[c][1]
print(f"You ordered a menu_list[c][0] for $menu_list[c][1]:.2f.\n" +
f"Your current total is $self.total_price:.2f.")
else:
print("That is not a valid choice!")
print(f"Thank you, self.customer_name!\n")
def main():
# First, create an instance for each order
susan_order = Takeout("Susan")
susan_order.get_order()
print("Next order!\n")
robert_order = Takeout("Robert")
robert_order.get_order()
# To make things easy, add them to a list
orders = [susan_order, robert_order, ]
# Now you can reference each instance of an order
for c in orders:
print(f"c.customer_name, your order was:")
for key, value in c.items_ordered.items():
print(f"key: $value:.2f")
print(f"Your total price was $c.total_price:.2f.")
print("Thank you for your order!\n")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
输出：
Welcome to Shake Shack, Susan! Please review our menu before ordering:
1. fries: $3.59
2. Shack Burger: $6.89
3. Smoke Shack: $8.59
4. Chicken Shack: $8.19
5. Avocado Bacon Burger: $9.29
6. hamburger: $6.39
7. cheeseburger: $6.79
8. hotdog: $4.49
9. chicken bites: $5.59
10. cookie: $6.59
11. apple cider: $4.09
12. soda: $3.29
13. milkshake: $6.09
14. iced tea: $3.29
15. water: $3.19
What can I get for you?
Enter a menu item number or 'c' to complete your order: 1
You ordered a fries for $3.59.
Your current total is $3.59.
Enter a menu item number or 'c' to complete your order: 21
That is not a valid choice!
Enter a menu item number or 'c' to complete your order: 2
You ordered a Shack Burger for $6.89.
Your current total is $10.48.
Enter a menu item number or 'c' to complete your order: quit
That is not a valid choice!
Enter a menu item number or 'c' to complete your order: c
Thank you, Susan!
Next order!
Welcome to Shake Shack, Robert! Please review our menu before ordering:
1. fries: $3.59
2. Shack Burger: $6.89
3. Smoke Shack: $8.59
4. Chicken Shack: $8.19
5. Avocado Bacon Burger: $9.29
6. hamburger: $6.39
7. cheeseburger: $6.79
8. hotdog: $4.49
9. chicken bites: $5.59
10. cookie: $6.59
11. apple cider: $4.09
12. soda: $3.29
13. milkshake: $6.09
14. iced tea: $3.29
15. water: $3.19
What can I get for you?
Enter a menu item number or 'c' to complete your order: 3
You ordered a Smoke Shack for $8.59.
Your current total is $8.59.
Enter a menu item number or 'c' to complete your order: 4
You ordered a Chicken Shack for $8.19.
Your current total is $16.78.
Enter a menu item number or 'c' to complete your order: c
Thank you, Robert!
Susan, your order was:
fries: $3.59
Shack Burger: $6.89
Your total price was $10.48.
Thank you for your order!
Robert, your order was:
Smoke Shack: $8.59
Chicken Shack: $8.19
Your total price was $16.78.
Thank you for your order!
【讨论】：
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