Spring Boot 控制器单元测试:无法加载 ApplicationContext
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【中文标题】Spring Boot 控制器单元测试:无法加载 ApplicationContext【英文标题】:Spring Boot controller unit test : Failed to load ApplicationContext 【发布时间】:2018-01-14 07:09:52 【问题描述】:我有一个简单的 Spring Boot 控制器,我想为它编写单元测试,但出现了错误。我已经搜索了几个小时,但仍然找不到解决方案。这是代码:
HelloController.java
@RestController
public class HelloController
@Autowired
private HelloService helloService;
@GetMapping("/hello")
public String sayHello()
return helloService.sayHello();
HelloService.java:
@Service
public class HelloService
public String sayHello()
return "Hello";
和单元测试文件: HelloControllerTest.java:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebMvcTest(HelloController.class)
public class HelloControllerTest
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Mock
private HelloService helloService;
@Before
public void setUp()
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
@Test
public void sayHello() throws Exception
when(helloService.sayHello()).thenReturn("thach");
mockMvc.perform(get("/hello"))
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().string("thach"));
但是有一个错误:
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:122)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:105)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:74)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:312)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:284)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:88)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:160)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Cannot load an ApplicationContext with a NULL 'contextLoader'. Consider annotating your test class with @ContextConfiguration or @ContextHierarchy.
at org.springframework.util.Assert.notNull(Assert.java:134)
at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:57)
at org.springframework.test.context.CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:91)
... 24 more
谁能帮帮我?我只是 Spring Boot 的新手
【问题讨论】:
Failed to load ApplicationContext when running Integration Tests的可能重复 【参考方案1】:我有类似的问题。请看下面的代码:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class ApplicationControllerTest
@Autowired
MockMvc mockMvc;
@MockBean
ApplicationService applicationService;
@Test
public void testGetImagePath() throws Exception
RequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/application/get-image")
.contentType(MediaType.IMAGE_GIF);
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(requestBuilder).andReturn();
System.out.println(result.getResponse());
请看下面的测试用例执行:
检查您使用的注释,即: 1) @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 2)@SpringBootTest 3) @AutoConfigureMockMvc
【讨论】:
有些情况需要为@SpringBootTest注解指定classes属性 @MockBean 成功了,谢谢!【参考方案2】:对于遇到相同问题的任何人 - 使用 @MockBean 很重要。 (@Mock 不会剪掉它)
见https://spring.io/guides/gs/testing-web/:
我们使用@MockBean 为 GreetingService 创建和注入一个 mock(如果不这样做,应用程序上下文将无法启动),我们使用 Mockito 设置它的期望。
所以如果 OP 刚刚被替换,可能一切都很好
@Mock
private HelloService helloService;
与
@MockBean
private HelloService helloService;
因此,接受答案中的其他类注释应该是不必要的
【讨论】:
【参考方案3】:如果转换为@SpringBootTest,它将成为集成测试。但我们只想使用@WebMvcTest 测试特定的控制器(单元测试),这样它将如何成为一个可行的解决方案。
【讨论】:
表示同意,但没有具体说明如何解决【参考方案4】:我遇到了同样的问题并尝试了不同的方法,但没有一个不起作用,最后,我在我的测试类中添加了两个注释来解决我的问题:
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
HelloControllerTest
如果您不想生成随机端口来测试您的 API,只需添加以下注释:
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
HelloControllerTest
【讨论】:
【参考方案5】:这里缺少的是@SpringBootTest
注释。该注解用于加载@Configuration
类进行测试,并使用默认端口启动嵌入式容器。
如果未指定@Configuration
类,它将使用默认的@SpringBootApplication
类,因为它的注解中有@Configuration
。
【讨论】:
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