小型 facelet 应用程序中的 javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException
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【中文标题】小型 facelet 应用程序中的 javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException【英文标题】：javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException in small facelet application 【发布时间】：2013-05-07 17:39:30 【问题描述】：我正在尝试将一些值从一个小型 facelet 应用程序保存到 mysql 数据库，但不断收到此错误。我有一个带有 JPS 页面和一个 servlet 的相同应用程序，它在大致相同的逻辑下运行良好，这是我第一次尝试使用 facelets，所以它可能只是一些愚蠢的事情，但我会得到帮助。
谢谢
错误
javax.faces.el.EvaluationException: javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException
at javax.faces.component.MethodBindingMethodExpressionAdapter.invoke(MethodBindingMethodExpressionAdapter.java:102)
at com.sun.faces.application.ActionListenerImpl.processAction(ActionListenerImpl.java:102)
at javax.faces.component.UICommand.broadcast(UICommand.java:315)
at javax.faces.component.UIViewRoot.broadcastEvents(UIViewRoot.java:794)
at javax.faces.component.UIViewRoot.processApplication(UIViewRoot.java:1259)
at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.InvokeApplicationPhase.execute(InvokeApplicationPhase.java:81)
at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.Phase.doPhase(Phase.java:101)
at com.sun.faces.lifecycle.LifecycleImpl.execute(LifecycleImpl.java:118)
at javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet.service(FacesServlet.java:593)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.service(StandardWrapper.java:1550)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:281)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:175)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.doInvoke(StandardPipeline.java:655)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardPipeline.invoke(StandardPipeline.java:595)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:161)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.doService(CoyoteAdapter.java:331)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:231)
at com.sun.enterprise.v3.services.impl.ContainerMapper$AdapterCallable.call(ContainerMapper.java:317)
at com.sun.enterprise.v3.services.impl.ContainerMapper.service(ContainerMapper.java:195)
at com.sun.grizzly.http.ProcessorTask.invokeAdapter(ProcessorTask.java:860)
at com.sun.grizzly.http.ProcessorTask.doProcess(ProcessorTask.java:757)
at com.sun.grizzly.http.ProcessorTask.process(ProcessorTask.java:1056)
at com.sun.grizzly.http.DefaultProtocolFilter.execute(DefaultProtocolFilter.java:229)
at com.sun.grizzly.DefaultProtocolChain.executeProtocolFilter(DefaultProtocolChain.java:137)
at com.sun.grizzly.DefaultProtocolChain.execute(DefaultProtocolChain.java:104)
at com.sun.grizzly.DefaultProtocolChain.execute(DefaultProtocolChain.java:90)
at com.sun.grizzly.http.HttpProtocolChain.execute(HttpProtocolChain.java:79)
at com.sun.grizzly.ProtocolChainContextTask.doCall(ProtocolChainContextTask.java:54)
at com.sun.grizzly.SelectionKeyContextTask.call(SelectionKeyContextTask.java:59)
at com.sun.grizzly.ContextTask.run(ContextTask.java:71)
at com.sun.grizzly.util.AbstractThreadPool$Worker.doWork(AbstractThreadPool.java:532)
at com.sun.grizzly.util.AbstractThreadPool$Worker.run(AbstractThreadPool.java:513)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
Caused by: javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException
at com.sun.enterprise.container.common.impl.EntityManagerWrapper.doTxRequiredCheck(EntityManagerWrapper.java:163)
at com.sun.enterprise.container.common.impl.EntityManagerWrapper.doTransactionScopedTxCheck(EntityManagerWrapper.java:145)
at com.sun.enterprise.container.common.impl.EntityManagerWrapper.persist(EntityManagerWrapper.java:263)
at vecka19.controller.BookController.addBook(BookController.java:28)
at vecka19.controller.BookController$Proxy$_$$_WeldClientProxy.addBook(BookController$Proxy$_$$_WeldClientProxy.java)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601)
at javax.el.BeanELResolver.invokeMethod(BeanELResolver.java:779)
at javax.el.BeanELResolver.invoke(BeanELResolver.java:528)
at javax.el.CompositeELResolver.invoke(CompositeELResolver.java:257)
at com.sun.el.parser.AstValue.invoke(AstValue.java:248)
at com.sun.el.MethodExpressionImpl.invoke(MethodExpressionImpl.java:302)
at org.jboss.weld.util.el.ForwardingMethodExpression.invoke(ForwardingMethodExpression.java:39)
at org.jboss.weld.el.WeldMethodExpression.invoke(WeldMethodExpression.java:50)
at com.sun.faces.facelets.el.TagMethodExpression.invoke(TagMethodExpression.java:105)
at javax.faces.component.MethodBindingMethodExpressionAdapter.invoke(MethodBindingMethodExpressionAdapter.java:88)
... 32 more
index.xhtml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:h="http://java.sun.com/jsf/html"
xmlns:c="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core">
<h:head>
<title>Vecka19</title>
</h:head>
<h:body>
<section id="bookForm">
<div>
<h:form id="bookForm">
<table>
<tr>
<td><h:outputLabel value="ID: " for="id"/></td>
<td><h:inputText id="id" value="#book.bookId"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h:outputLabel value="TITLE: " for="title"/></td>
<td><h:inputText id="title" value="#book.title"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h:outputLabel value="AUTHOR: " for="author"/></td>
<td><h:inputText id="author" value="#book.author"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h:outputLabel value="PRICE: " for="price"/></td>
<td><h:inputText id="price" value="#book.price"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<h:commandButton value="Add" action="#bookController.addBook()" />
<h:commandButton value="Get" action="#bookController.book" />
<h:commandButton value="Edit" action="#bookController.editBook()" />
<h:commandButton value="Delete" action="#bookController.deleteBook()" />
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</h:form>
</div>
</section>
<br />
<section id="dbTable">
<div>
<table>
<th>ID</th>
<th>TITLE</th>
<th>AUTHOR</th>
<th>PRICE</th>
<c:forEach items="$bookController.books" var="book">
<tr>
<td>$book.bookId</td>
<td>$book.title</td>
<td>$book.author</td>
<td>$book.price</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</div>
</section>
</h:body>
BookController.java
package vecka19.controller;
import java.util.List;
import javax.enterprise.context.RequestScoped;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.inject.Named;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import vecka19.model.Book;
@Named
@RequestScoped
public class BookController
@Inject Book book;
@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager em;
public List getBooks()
return em.createNamedQuery("Book.findAll").getResultList();
public Book getBook()
return em.find(Book.class, book.getBookId());
public void addBook()
em.persist(book);
public void editBook()
em.merge(book);
public void deleteBook()
em.remove(getBook());
Book.java
package vecka19.model;
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.enterprise.context.RequestScoped;
import javax.inject.Named;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.NamedQueries;
import javax.persistence.NamedQuery;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
@Entity
@Named
@RequestScoped
@Table(name = "BOOKS")
@NamedQueries(@NamedQuery(name = "Book.findAll", query = "SELECT b FROM Book b"))
public class Book implements Serializable
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Id
@NotNull
@Column(name = "BOOK_ID")
private Integer bookId;
@Column(name = "TITLE")
private String title;
@Column(name = "AUTHOR")
private String author;
@Column(name = "PRICE")
private Integer price;
public Book()
public Book(Integer bookId)
this.bookId = bookId;
public Integer getBookId()
return bookId;
public void setBookId(Integer bookId)
this.bookId = bookId;
public String getTitle()
return title;
public void setTitle(String title)
this.title = title;
public String getAuthor()
return author;
public void setAuthor(String author)
this.author = author;
public Integer getPrice()
return price;
public void setPrice(Integer price)
this.price = price;
percistence.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="2.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">
<persistence-unit name="vecka19PU" transaction-type="JTA">
<jta-data-source>jdbc/MySQLDataSource</jta-data-source>
<exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>
<properties/>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>
【问题讨论】：
@NamedQuery 工作正常，数据库中已有的内容打印在索引页上，问题是更新数据库。 CDI bean 没有作为 EJB 提供自动事务管理。看看你到目前为止和这里的答案：***.com/questions/8763115/… 【参考方案1】：您正在滥用 CDI 托管 bean 作为业务服务。它没有事务管理的线索。您需要手动管理交易。由于这通常很痛苦，而且您显然正在使用 Glassfish，它是一个支持 EJB 的完全有价值的 Java EE 容器，您宁愿为此使用一个完全有价值的 EJB。在 EJB 中使用 EntityManager 时，容器将完全透明地管理 DB 事务。一个 EJB 方法调用算作一个事务（即，当您触发多个 DB 查询并且其中一个失败时，所有内容都将自动回滚）。
总体而言，您似乎混合了模型、控制器和服务的职责。不要让您的实体也成为托管 bean。您还绝对不应该在 Javabean getter 方法中执行业务逻辑（例如getBooks()）。当在迭代组件中引用时，它会在每个迭代轮次中被调用。所以假设你有 100 条记录，那么 DB 将被命中 100 次。这显然是低效的。
它应该是这样的：
模型（实体）：
@Entity
@Table(name = "BOOKS")
public class Book implements Serializable
// ...
控制器（支持 bean）：
@Named
@RequestScoped
public class BookController
private Book book;
private List<Book> books;
@EJB
private BookService service;
@PostConstruct
public void init()
book = new Book();
books = service.list();
public void add()
service.save(book);
init();
public Book getBook()
return book;
public List<Book> getBooks()
return books;
服务（EJB）：
@Stateless
public class BookService
@PersistenceContext
private EntityManager em;
public List<Book> list()
return em.createQuery("FROM Book", Book.class).getResultList();
public Book find(Integer id)
return em.find(Book.class, id);
public Integer save(Book book)
em.persist(book);
return book.getId();
public void update(Book book)
em.merge(book);
public void delete(Book book)
em.remove(em.contains(book) ? book : em.merge(book));
视图（Facelet；简化）：
<h:inputText id="title" value="#bookController.book.title"/>
<h:inputText id="author" value="#bookController.book.author"/>
<h:inputText id="price" value="#bookController.book.price"/>
<h:commandButton value="Add" action="#bookController.add" />
...
<h:dataTable value="#bookController.books" var="book">
<h:column><f:facet name="header">ID</f:facet>#book.id</h:column>
<h:column><f:facet name="header">Title</f:facet>#book.title</h:column>
<h:column><f:facet name="header">Author</f:facet>#book.author</h:column>
<h:column><f:facet name="header">Price</f:facet>#book.price</h:column>
</h:dataTable>
（您的编辑和删除按钮没有任何意义，所以我删除了它们，您可能希望将它们放在数据表中）
另见：
Recommended JSF 2.0 CRUD frameworks Why JSF calls getters multiple times【讨论】：
这绝对消除了一些困惑，感谢您的出色回答，将检查这些链接。谢谢 @BalusC 因此，当使用来自@EJB 服务类的方法时，可以简单地调用 EntityManager 的方法而无需担心/额外的事务？
@LyK：这确实是答案所说的。另见***.com/questions/18369356/…【参考方案2】：
只需在您的方法上添加@Transactional 注释，例如
@Transactional // <-------------
public long setSessionState(StateEnum state, String hash)
QSession s = QSession.session;
JPAUpdateClause upd = new JPAUpdateClause(em, s);
upd.set(s.state, state).where(s.hash.eq(hash));
return upd.execute();
【讨论】：
【参考方案3】：EntityManager#persist(Object) 的 javadoc 说
投掷： TransactionRequiredException - 如果在 容器管理的实体管理器类型 PersistenceContextType.TRANSACTION 并且没有事务
在调用persist（以及其他一些方法）之前，您需要调用EntityManager.html#getTransaction() 和begin a transaction。完成后不要忘记commit 或rollback 交易。
【讨论】：
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