如何更改 hive 中的列名

Posted 2023-04-18

【中文标题】如何更改 hive 中的列名

【英文标题】：How to change a column name in hive

【发布时间】：2019-09-20 17:20:33

【问题描述】：

我有一个 hive 表，其中列的名称是 orderbook.time、orderbook.price 等。我想从列名中删除前缀 orderbook，而不更改表中的任何其他内容。我正在使用以下命令

alter table orderbook change orderbook.time time;

但它给了我以下错误信息

NoViableAltException(17@[])
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.HiveParser_IdentifiersParser.identifier(HiveParser_IdentifiersParser.java:11568)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.HiveParser.identifier(HiveParser.java:45214)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.HiveParser.alterStatementSuffixRenameCol(HiveParser.java:10258)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.HiveParser.alterTblPartitionStatementSuffix(HiveParser.java:8533)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.HiveParser.alterTableStatementSuffix(HiveParser.java:8148)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.HiveParser.alterStatement(HiveParser.java:7192)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.HiveParser.ddlStatement(HiveParser.java:2604)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.HiveParser.execStatement(HiveParser.java:1591)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.HiveParser.statement(HiveParser.java:1067)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.ParseDriver.parse(ParseDriver.java:205)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.parse.ParseDriver.parse(ParseDriver.java:170)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.Driver.compile(Driver.java:524)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.Driver.compileInternal(Driver.java:1358)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.Driver.runInternal(Driver.java:1475)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.Driver.run(Driver.java:1287)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.Driver.run(Driver.java:1277)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.processLocalCmd(CliDriver.java:226)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.processCmd(CliDriver.java:175)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.processLine(CliDriver.java:389)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.executeDriver(CliDriver.java:781)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:699)
    at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:634)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:226)
    at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:141)
FAILED: ParseException line 1:38 cannot recognize input near '.' 'time' 'time' in rename column name

我尝试将旧的列名（例如 orderbook.time）放入 quatation，但我收到了相同的错误消息。如何更改列名？

【参考方案1】：

您缺少time column 的数据类型，然后尝试使用 `(反引号)

转义带有句点的列名

Try with below query:

alter table orderbook change `orderbook.time` time <data_type>;

In general Syntax to change column name in Hive:

alter table <db_name>.<table_name> change `<col_name>` `<new_col_name>` <data_type>;