从嵌套列表创建数组时抑制 Numpy 中的科学记数法

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【中文标题】从嵌套列表创建数组时抑制 Numpy 中的科学记数法【英文标题】:Suppress Scientific Notation in Numpy When Creating Array From Nested List 【发布时间】:2012-03-19 20:54:15 【问题描述】:

我有一个嵌套的 Python 列表,如下所示:

my_list = [[3.74, 5162, 13683628846.64, 12783387559.86, 1.81],
 [9.55, 116, 189688622.37, 260332262.0, 1.97],
 [2.2, 768, 6004865.13, 5759960.98, 1.21],
 [3.74, 4062, 3263822121.39, 3066869087.9, 1.93],
 [1.91, 474, 44555062.72, 44555062.72, 0.41],
 [5.8, 5006, 8254968918.1, 7446788272.74, 3.25],
 [4.5, 7887, 30078971595.46, 27814989471.31, 2.18],
 [7.03, 116, 66252511.46, 81109291.0, 1.56],
 [6.52, 116, 47674230.76, 57686991.0, 1.43],
 [1.85, 623, 3002631.96, 2899484.08, 0.64],
 [13.76, 1227, 1737874137.5, 1446511574.32, 4.32],
 [13.76, 1227, 1737874137.5, 1446511574.32, 4.32]]

然后我导入 Numpy,并将打印选项设置为 (suppress=True)。当我创建一个数组时:

my_array = numpy.array(my_list)

我不能一辈子压制科学记数法:

[[  3.74000000e+00   5.16200000e+03   1.36836288e+10   1.27833876e+10
    1.81000000e+00]
 [  9.55000000e+00   1.16000000e+02   1.89688622e+08   2.60332262e+08
    1.97000000e+00]
 [  2.20000000e+00   7.68000000e+02   6.00486513e+06   5.75996098e+06
    1.21000000e+00]
 [  3.74000000e+00   4.06200000e+03   3.26382212e+09   3.06686909e+09
    1.93000000e+00]
 [  1.91000000e+00   4.74000000e+02   4.45550627e+07   4.45550627e+07
    4.10000000e-01]
 [  5.80000000e+00   5.00600000e+03   8.25496892e+09   7.44678827e+09
    3.25000000e+00]
 [  4.50000000e+00   7.88700000e+03   3.00789716e+10   2.78149895e+10
    2.18000000e+00]
 [  7.03000000e+00   1.16000000e+02   6.62525115e+07   8.11092910e+07
    1.56000000e+00]
 [  6.52000000e+00   1.16000000e+02   4.76742308e+07   5.76869910e+07
    1.43000000e+00]
 [  1.85000000e+00   6.23000000e+02   3.00263196e+06   2.89948408e+06
    6.40000000e-01]
 [  1.37600000e+01   1.22700000e+03   1.73787414e+09   1.44651157e+09
    4.32000000e+00]
 [  1.37600000e+01   1.22700000e+03   1.73787414e+09   1.44651157e+09
    4.32000000e+00]]

如果我直接创建一个简单的numpy数组:

new_array = numpy.array([1.5, 4.65, 7.845])

我没有问题,它打印如下:

[ 1.5    4.65   7.845]

有人知道我的问题是什么吗?

【问题讨论】:

numpy.set_printoptions 控制如何打印 numpy 数组。但是,没有完全禁止科学记数法的选项。它正在切换,因为您的值范围从 1e-2 到 1e9。如果您的范围较小,则不会使用科学计数法来显示它们。为什么用print 显示它们很重要呢?如果您想保存它,请使用savetxt 等。 不是你真正要问的,但使用 numpy.round (即使精度很高)我能够删除在 SVD 重建矩阵中看起来像 7.00000000e+00 的科学记数法。由于科学记数法(?),它以前不会断言平等。我提到它是因为 np.set_printoptions(suppress=True) 没有为我解决这个问题。 【参考方案1】:

这是你需要的:

np.set_printoptions(suppress=True)

这里是documentation。

【讨论】:

你能至少提供一个总结吗? 就我而言,它仍然使用科学记数法 @ZloySmiertniy,使用格式化程序,如下 Eric 的回答。我用np.set_printoptions(formatter='all':lambda x: str(x))【参考方案2】:

Python 在打印 numpy ndarrays 时强制抑制所有指数符号,纠缠文本对齐,舍入和打印选项:

下面是对正在发生的事情的解释,滚动到底部查看代码演示。

将参数 suppress=True 传递给函数 set_printoptions 仅适用于分配给它的默认 8 个字符空间中的数字,如下所示:

import numpy as np
np.set_printoptions(suppress=True) #prevent numpy exponential 
                                   #notation on print, default False

#            tiny     med  large
a = np.array([1.01e-5, 22, 1.2345678e7])  #notice how index 2 is 8 
                                          #digits wide

print(a)    #prints [ 0.0000101   22.     12345678. ]
   

但是,如果您传入一个大于 8 个字符宽的数字,则会再次强加指数符号,如下所示:

np.set_printoptions(suppress=True)

a = np.array([1.01e-5, 22, 1.2345678e10])    #notice how index 2 is 10
                                             #digits wide, too wide!

#exponential notation where we've told it not to!
print(a)    #prints [1.01000000e-005   2.20000000e+001   1.23456780e+10]

numpy 可以选择将您的数字切成两半从而歪曲它,或者强制使用指数表示法,它会选择后者。

set_printoptions(formatter=...) 来帮助您指定打印和舍入选项。告诉set_printoptions 只打印一个裸浮动:

np.set_printoptions(suppress=True,
   formatter='float_kind':':f'.format)

a = np.array([1.01e-5, 22, 1.2345678e30])  #notice how index 2 is 30
                                           #digits wide.  

#Ok good, no exponential notation in the large numbers:
print(a)  #prints [0.000010 22.000000 1234567799999999979944197226496.000000] 

我们强制抑制了指数符号,但它没有四舍五入或对齐,因此请指定额外的格式选项:

np.set_printoptions(suppress=True,
   formatter='float_kind':':0.2f'.format)  #float, 2 units 
                                               #precision right, 0 on left

a = np.array([1.01e-5, 22, 1.2345678e30])   #notice how index 2 is 30
                                            #digits wide

print(a)  #prints [0.00 22.00 1234567799999999979944197226496.00]

在 ndarrays 中强制抑制所有指数概念的缺点是,如果您的 ndarray 在其中获得一个接近无穷大的巨大浮点值,并且您打印它,您将被一页充满数字的页面炸飞.

完整示例演示 1:

from pprint import pprint
import numpy as np
#chaotic python list of lists with very different numeric magnitudes
my_list = [[3.74, 5162, 13683628846.64, 12783387559.86, 1.81],
           [9.55, 116, 189688622.37, 260332262.0, 1.97],
           [2.2, 768, 6004865.13, 5759960.98, 1.21],
           [3.74, 4062, 3263822121.39, 3066869087.9, 1.93],
           [1.91, 474, 44555062.72, 44555062.72, 0.41],
           [5.8, 5006, 8254968918.1, 7446788272.74, 3.25],
           [4.5, 7887, 30078971595.46, 27814989471.31, 2.18],
           [7.03, 116, 66252511.46, 81109291.0, 1.56],
           [6.52, 116, 47674230.76, 57686991.0, 1.43],
           [1.85, 623, 3002631.96, 2899484.08, 0.64],
           [13.76, 1227, 1737874137.5, 1446511574.32, 4.32],
           [13.76, 1227, 1737874137.5, 1446511574.32, 4.32]]

#convert python list of lists to numpy ndarray called my_array
my_array = np.array(my_list)

#This is a little recursive helper function converts all nested 
#ndarrays to python list of lists so that pretty printer knows what to do.
def arrayToList(arr):
    if type(arr) == type(np.array):
        #If the passed type is an ndarray then convert it to a list and
        #recursively convert all nested types
        return arrayToList(arr.tolist())
    else:
        #if item isn't an ndarray leave it as is.
        return arr

#suppress exponential notation, define an appropriate float formatter
#specify stdout line width and let pretty print do the work
np.set_printoptions(suppress=True,
   formatter='float_kind':':16.3f'.format, linewidth=130)
pprint(arrayToList(my_array))

打印:

array([[           3.740,         5162.000,  13683628846.640,  12783387559.860,            1.810],
       [           9.550,          116.000,    189688622.370,    260332262.000,            1.970],
       [           2.200,          768.000,      6004865.130,      5759960.980,            1.210],
       [           3.740,         4062.000,   3263822121.390,   3066869087.900,            1.930],
       [           1.910,          474.000,     44555062.720,     44555062.720,            0.410],
       [           5.800,         5006.000,   8254968918.100,   7446788272.740,            3.250],
       [           4.500,         7887.000,  30078971595.460,  27814989471.310,            2.180],
       [           7.030,          116.000,     66252511.460,     81109291.000,            1.560],
       [           6.520,          116.000,     47674230.760,     57686991.000,            1.430],
       [           1.850,          623.000,      3002631.960,      2899484.080,            0.640],
       [          13.760,         1227.000,   1737874137.500,   1446511574.320,            4.320],
       [          13.760,         1227.000,   1737874137.500,   1446511574.320,            4.320]])

完整示例演示 2:

import numpy as np  
#chaotic python list of lists with very different numeric magnitudes 

#            very tiny      medium size            large sized
#            numbers        numbers                numbers

my_list = [[0.000000000074, 5162, 13683628846.64, 1.01e10, 1.81], 
           [1.000000000055,  116, 189688622.37, 260332262.0, 1.97], 
           [0.010000000022,  768, 6004865.13,   -99e13, 1.21], 
           [1.000000000074, 4062, 3263822121.39, 3066869087.9, 1.93], 
           [2.91,            474, 44555062.72, 44555062.72, 0.41], 
           [5,              5006, 8254968918.1, 7446788272.74, 3.25], 
           [0.01,           7887, 30078971595.46, 27814989471.31, 2.18], 
           [7.03,            116, 66252511.46, 81109291.0, 1.56], 
           [6.52,            116, 47674230.76, 57686991.0, 1.43], 
           [1.85,            623, 3002631.96, 2899484.08, 0.64], 
           [13.76,          1227, 1737874137.5, 1446511574.32, 4.32], 
           [13.76,          1337, 1737874137.5, 1446511574.32, 4.32]] 
import sys 
#convert python list of lists to numpy ndarray called my_array 
my_array = np.array(my_list) 
#following two lines do the same thing, showing that np.savetxt can 
#correctly handle python lists of lists and numpy 2D ndarrays. 
np.savetxt(sys.stdout, my_list, '%19.2f') 
np.savetxt(sys.stdout, my_array, '%19.2f') 

打印:

 0.00             5162.00      13683628846.64      10100000000.00              1.81
 1.00              116.00        189688622.37        260332262.00              1.97
 0.01              768.00          6004865.13 -990000000000000.00              1.21
 1.00             4062.00       3263822121.39       3066869087.90              1.93
 2.91              474.00         44555062.72         44555062.72              0.41
 5.00             5006.00       8254968918.10       7446788272.74              3.25
 0.01             7887.00      30078971595.46      27814989471.31              2.18
 7.03              116.00         66252511.46         81109291.00              1.56
 6.52              116.00         47674230.76         57686991.00              1.43
 1.85              623.00          3002631.96          2899484.08              0.64
13.76             1227.00       1737874137.50       1446511574.32              4.32
13.76             1337.00       1737874137.50       1446511574.32              4.32
 0.00             5162.00      13683628846.64      10100000000.00              1.81
 1.00              116.00        189688622.37        260332262.00              1.97
 0.01              768.00          6004865.13 -990000000000000.00              1.21
 1.00             4062.00       3263822121.39       3066869087.90              1.93
 2.91              474.00         44555062.72         44555062.72              0.41
 5.00             5006.00       8254968918.10       7446788272.74              3.25
 0.01             7887.00      30078971595.46      27814989471.31              2.18
 7.03              116.00         66252511.46         81109291.00              1.56
 6.52              116.00         47674230.76         57686991.00              1.43
 1.85              623.00          3002631.96          2899484.08              0.64
13.76             1227.00       1737874137.50       1446511574.32              4.32
13.76             1337.00       1737874137.50       1446511574.32              4.32

请注意,在 2 个单位精度下舍入是一致的,并且在非常大的 e+x 和非常小的 e-x 范围内都抑制了指数表示法。

【讨论】:

【参考方案3】:

对于一维和二维数组,您可以使用 np.savetxt 使用特定格式字符串进行打印:

>>> import sys
>>> x = numpy.arange(20).reshape((4,5))
>>> numpy.savetxt(sys.stdout, x, '%5.2f')
 0.00  1.00  2.00  3.00  4.00
 5.00  6.00  7.00  8.00  9.00
10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00
15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00

您在 v1.3 中使用 numpy.set_printoptions 或 numpy.array2string 的选项非常笨拙且有限(例如,无法抑制大数的科学记数法)。看起来这将随着未来的版本而改变,使用 numpy.set_printoptions(formatter=..) 和 numpy.array2string(style=..)。

【讨论】:

【参考方案4】:

您可以编写一个将科学记数法转换为常规记数法的函数,例如

def sc2std(x):
    s = str(x)
    if 'e' in s:
        num,ex = s.split('e')
        if '-' in num:
            negprefix = '-'
        else:
            negprefix = ''
        num = num.replace('-','')
        if '.' in num:
            dotlocation = num.index('.')
        else:
            dotlocation = len(num)
        newdotlocation = dotlocation + int(ex)
        num = num.replace('.','')
        if (newdotlocation < 1):
            return negprefix+'0.'+'0'*(-newdotlocation)+num
        if (newdotlocation > len(num)):
            return negprefix+ num + '0'*(newdotlocation - len(num))+'.0'
        return negprefix + num[:newdotlocation] + '.' + num[newdotlocation:]
    else:
        return s

【讨论】:

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