如何找出使用 .NET 锁定文件的进程?
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【中文标题】如何找出使用 .NET 锁定文件的进程?【英文标题】:How do I find out which process is locking a file using .NET? 【发布时间】:2010-09-23 22:37:50 【问题描述】:我已经看到了几个关于使用Handle 或Process Monitor 的答案,但我希望能够在我自己的代码中找到答案(C#) 哪个进程正在锁定文件。
我有一种令人讨厌的感觉,我将不得不在 win32 API 中进行探索,但如果有人已经这样做并且可以让我走上正确的轨道,我将非常感谢您的帮助。
更新
类似问题的链接
How does one figure out what process locked a file using c#? Command line tool Across a Network Locking a USB device Unit test fails with locked file deleting locked file【问题讨论】:
相关 - ***.com/questions/3526802/… 【参考方案1】:很久以前,不可能可靠地获取锁定文件的进程列表,因为 Windows 根本不跟踪该信息。为了支持Restart Manager API,现在跟踪该信息。
我将获取文件路径并返回锁定该文件的所有进程的List<Process>
的代码放在一起。
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
static public class FileUtil
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct RM_UNIQUE_PROCESS
public int dwProcessId;
public System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComTypes.FILETIME ProcessStartTime;
const int RmRebootReasonNone = 0;
const int CCH_RM_MAX_APP_NAME = 255;
const int CCH_RM_MAX_SVC_NAME = 63;
enum RM_APP_TYPE
RmUnknownApp = 0,
RmMainWindow = 1,
RmOtherWindow = 2,
RmService = 3,
RmExplorer = 4,
RmConsole = 5,
RmCritical = 1000
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
struct RM_PROCESS_INFO
public RM_UNIQUE_PROCESS Process;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = CCH_RM_MAX_APP_NAME + 1)]
public string strAppName;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = CCH_RM_MAX_SVC_NAME + 1)]
public string strServiceShortName;
public RM_APP_TYPE ApplicationType;
public uint AppStatus;
public uint TSSessionId;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
public bool bRestartable;
[DllImport("rstrtmgr.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
static extern int RmRegisterResources(uint pSessionHandle,
UInt32 nFiles,
string[] rgsFilenames,
UInt32 nApplications,
[In] RM_UNIQUE_PROCESS[] rgApplications,
UInt32 nServices,
string[] rgsServiceNames);
[DllImport("rstrtmgr.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
static extern int RmStartSession(out uint pSessionHandle, int dwSessionFlags, string strSessionKey);
[DllImport("rstrtmgr.dll")]
static extern int RmEndSession(uint pSessionHandle);
[DllImport("rstrtmgr.dll")]
static extern int RmGetList(uint dwSessionHandle,
out uint pnProcInfoNeeded,
ref uint pnProcInfo,
[In, Out] RM_PROCESS_INFO[] rgAffectedApps,
ref uint lpdwRebootReasons);
/// <summary>
/// Find out what process(es) have a lock on the specified file.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">Path of the file.</param>
/// <returns>Processes locking the file</returns>
/// <remarks>See also:
/// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa373661(v=vs.85).aspx
/// http://wyupdate.googlecode.com/svn-history/r401/trunk/frmFilesInUse.cs (no copyright in code at time of viewing)
///
/// </remarks>
static public List<Process> WhoIsLocking(string path)
uint handle;
string key = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
List<Process> processes = new List<Process>();
int res = RmStartSession(out handle, 0, key);
if (res != 0) throw new Exception("Could not begin restart session. Unable to determine file locker.");
try
const int ERROR_MORE_DATA = 234;
uint pnProcInfoNeeded = 0,
pnProcInfo = 0,
lpdwRebootReasons = RmRebootReasonNone;
string[] resources = new string[] path ; // Just checking on one resource.
res = RmRegisterResources(handle, (uint)resources.Length, resources, 0, null, 0, null);
if (res != 0) throw new Exception("Could not register resource.");
//Note: there's a race condition here -- the first call to RmGetList() returns
// the total number of process. However, when we call RmGetList() again to get
// the actual processes this number may have increased.
res = RmGetList(handle, out pnProcInfoNeeded, ref pnProcInfo, null, ref lpdwRebootReasons);
if (res == ERROR_MORE_DATA)
// Create an array to store the process results
RM_PROCESS_INFO[] processInfo = new RM_PROCESS_INFO[pnProcInfoNeeded];
pnProcInfo = pnProcInfoNeeded;
// Get the list
res = RmGetList(handle, out pnProcInfoNeeded, ref pnProcInfo, processInfo, ref lpdwRebootReasons);
if (res == 0)
processes = new List<Process>((int)pnProcInfo);
// Enumerate all of the results and add them to the
// list to be returned
for (int i = 0; i < pnProcInfo; i++)
try
processes.Add(Process.GetProcessById(processInfo[i].Process.dwProcessId));
// catch the error -- in case the process is no longer running
catch (ArgumentException)
else throw new Exception("Could not list processes locking resource.");
else if (res != 0) throw new Exception("Could not list processes locking resource. Failed to get size of result.");
finally
RmEndSession(handle);
return processes;
使用受限权限(例如 IIS)
此调用访问注册表。如果进程没有这样做的权限,你会得到 ERROR_WRITE_FAULT, meaning An operation was unable to read or write to the registry
。您可以有选择地将您的受限帐户授予注册表必要部分的权限。虽然让您的受限访问进程设置一个标志(例如在数据库或文件系统中,或者通过使用进程间通信机制,如队列或命名管道)并让第二个进程调用 Restart Manager API 会更安全。
向 IIS 用户授予非最低权限存在安全风险。
【讨论】:
有没有办法让这个远程进程工作? @Blagoh:我不相信 Windows XP 上提供了重新启动管理器。您将需要使用此处发布的其他不太准确的方法。 @Blagoh:如果您只想知道谁在锁定特定的 DLL,您可以使用tasklist /m YourDllName.dll
并解析输出。见***.com/questions/152506/…
唯一不需要 3rd 方工具或未记录的 API 调用的解决方案。应该是公认的答案。
我已经在 Windows 2008R2、Windows 2012R2、Windows 7 和 Windows 10 上尝试过(并且它可以工作)。我发现在很多情况下它必须以提升的权限运行,否则它尝试获取锁定文件的进程列表时失败。【参考方案2】:
从 C# 调用 Win32 非常复杂。
您应该使用工具Handle.exe。
之后,您的 C# 代码必须如下:
string fileName = @"c:\aaa.doc";//Path to locked file
Process tool = new Process();
tool.StartInfo.FileName = "handle.exe";
tool.StartInfo.Arguments = fileName+" /accepteula";
tool.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
tool.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
tool.Start();
tool.WaitForExit();
string outputTool = tool.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
string matchPattern = @"(?<=\s+pid:\s+)\b(\d+)\b(?=\s+)";
foreach(Match match in Regex.Matches(outputTool, matchPattern))
Process.GetProcessById(int.Parse(match.Value)).Kill();
【讨论】:
很好的例子,但据我所知,当你第一次在客户端机器上运行它时,handle.exe 现在会显示一个令人讨厌的提示来接受某些条件,在我看来,它取消了它的资格跨度> @Arsen Zahray:您可以通过传入/accepteula
的命令行选项自动接受eula。我已经用更改更新了 Gennady 的答案。
你不能重新分配handle.exe
我不同意 - 从 c# 调用 win32 api 时没有复杂性。
这对我来说真的很慢。有没有人找到更快的方法来做到这一点?特别是对于多个文件?【参考方案3】:
handle.exe
的优点之一是您可以将其作为子进程运行并解析输出。
我们在部署脚本中执行此操作 - 就像一个魅力。
【讨论】:
但是handle.exe不能和你的软件一起分发 好点。这不是部署脚本(内部使用)的问题,但在其他情况下会出现。 任何完整的 C# 源代码示例?对获取过程也有效正在锁定文件夹? 查看我的答案以获得不需要 handle.exe ***.com/a/20623311/141172 的解决方案 "您必须具有管理权限才能运行 Handle。"【参考方案4】:我遇到了stefan's solution 的问题。下面是一个修改后的版本,看起来效果不错。
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Management;
using System.IO;
static class Module1
static internal ArrayList myProcessArray = new ArrayList();
private static Process myProcess;
public static void Main()
string strFile = "c:\\windows\\system32\\msi.dll";
ArrayList a = getFileProcesses(strFile);
foreach (Process p in a)
Debug.Print(p.ProcessName);
private static ArrayList getFileProcesses(string strFile)
myProcessArray.Clear();
Process[] processes = Process.GetProcesses();
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i <= processes.GetUpperBound(0) - 1; i++)
myProcess = processes[i];
//if (!myProcess.HasExited) //This will cause an "Access is denied" error
if (myProcess.Threads.Count > 0)
try
ProcessModuleCollection modules = myProcess.Modules;
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j <= modules.Count - 1; j++)
if ((modules[j].FileName.ToLower().CompareTo(strFile.ToLower()) == 0))
myProcessArray.Add(myProcess);
break;
// TODO: might not be correct. Was : Exit For
catch (Exception exception)
//MsgBox(("Error : " & exception.Message))
return myProcessArray;
更新
如果您只想知道哪些进程正在锁定特定的 DLL,您可以执行并解析 tasklist /m YourDllName.dll
的输出。适用于 Windows XP 及更高版本。见
What does this do? tasklist /m "mscor*"
【讨论】:
我非常不明白为什么myProcessArray
是类成员(但实际上也是从 getFileProcesses() 返回的?myProcess
也是如此。【参考方案5】:
这适用于被其他进程锁定的 DLL。例如,该例程不会发现文本文件被文字处理锁定。
C#:
using System.Management;
using System.IO;
static class Module1
static internal ArrayList myProcessArray = new ArrayList();
private static Process myProcess;
public static void Main()
string strFile = "c:\\windows\\system32\\msi.dll";
ArrayList a = getFileProcesses(strFile);
foreach (Process p in a)
Debug.Print(p.ProcessName);
private static ArrayList getFileProcesses(string strFile)
myProcessArray.Clear();
Process[] processes = Process.GetProcesses;
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i <= processes.GetUpperBound(0) - 1; i++)
myProcess = processes(i);
if (!myProcess.HasExited)
try
ProcessModuleCollection modules = myProcess.Modules;
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j <= modules.Count - 1; j++)
if ((modules.Item(j).FileName.ToLower.CompareTo(strFile.ToLower) == 0))
myProcessArray.Add(myProcess);
break; // TODO: might not be correct. Was : Exit For
catch (Exception exception)
//MsgBox(("Error : " & exception.Message))
return myProcessArray;
VB.Net:
Imports System.Management
Imports System.IO
Module Module1
Friend myProcessArray As New ArrayList
Private myProcess As Process
Sub Main()
Dim strFile As String = "c:\windows\system32\msi.dll"
Dim a As ArrayList = getFileProcesses(strFile)
For Each p As Process In a
Debug.Print(p.ProcessName)
Next
End Sub
Private Function getFileProcesses(ByVal strFile As String) As ArrayList
myProcessArray.Clear()
Dim processes As Process() = Process.GetProcesses
Dim i As Integer
For i = 0 To processes.GetUpperBound(0) - 1
myProcess = processes(i)
If Not myProcess.HasExited Then
Try
Dim modules As ProcessModuleCollection = myProcess.Modules
Dim j As Integer
For j = 0 To modules.Count - 1
If (modules.Item(j).FileName.ToLower.CompareTo(strFile.ToLower) = 0) Then
myProcessArray.Add(myProcess)
Exit For
End If
Next j
Catch exception As Exception
'MsgBox(("Error : " & exception.Message))
End Try
End If
Next i
Return myProcessArray
End Function
End Module
【讨论】:
在我的示例中,我使用 msi.dll,它不是 .Net DLL。【参考方案6】:使用 linq 更简单:
public void KillProcessesAssociatedToFile(string file)
GetProcessesAssociatedToFile(file).ForEach(x =>
x.Kill();
x.WaitForExit(10000);
);
public List<Process> GetProcessesAssociatedToFile(string file)
return Process.GetProcesses()
.Where(x => !x.HasExited
&& x.Modules.Cast<ProcessModule>().ToList()
.Exists(y => y.FileName.ToLowerInvariant() == file.ToLowerInvariant())
).ToList();
【讨论】:
似乎只是重新抛出相同的异常 给出错误。 32位进程无法访问64位进程的模块。 这不起作用并引发异常以上是关于如何找出使用 .NET 锁定文件的进程?的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章