GDI+ 闪烁

Posted 2023-03-29

【中文标题】GDI+ 闪烁

【英文标题】：GDI+ flickering

【发布时间】：2018-12-22 01:33:50

【问题描述】：

所以我正在尝试制作 Gyazo（截图工具）的廉价副本

问题是光标坐标在闪烁，我该如何防止呢？我已经尝试过WM_ERASEBKGND，但没有任何帮助。

我的代码还有什么问题吗？有什么不好的做法/技术吗？

#include <Windows.h>
#include <string>
#include <gdiplus.h>
#pragma comment (lib, "Gdiplus.lib")

// Store the "screenshot" when first launching the program
HBITMAP hbm;

// This draws the cursor coordinates close to the cursor
void DrawCursorCoords(Gdiplus::Graphics &graphics, Gdiplus::Bitmap &bitmap, Gdiplus::Color c)

    POINT cursorPos;
    GetCursorPos(&cursorPos);

    std::wstring x = std::to_wstring(cursorPos.x);
    std::wstring y = std::to_wstring(cursorPos.y);

    graphics.DrawString(x.c_str(), x.length(), &Gdiplus::Font(L"Consolas", 16), Gdiplus::PointF(cursorPos.x, cursorPos.y), &Gdiplus::SolidBrush(c));
    graphics.DrawString(y.c_str(), y.length(), &Gdiplus::Font(L"Consolas", 16), Gdiplus::PointF(cursorPos.x, cursorPos.y + 16), &Gdiplus::SolidBrush(c));


// Paint our stuff
void Paint(HDC &hdc)

    Gdiplus::Graphics * gfx = new Gdiplus::Graphics(hdc);
    Gdiplus::Bitmap * bmap = new Gdiplus::Bitmap(hbm, (HPALETTE)0);

    gfx->DrawImage(bmap, 0, 0, GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN), GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN));

    if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LBUTTON))
        DrawCursorCoords(*gfx, *bmap, Gdiplus::Color::Red);
    else
        DrawCursorCoords(*gfx, *bmap, Gdiplus::Color::Green);

    delete gfx;
    delete bmap;


LRESULT APIENTRY WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)

    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    HDC hdc;

    switch (message)
    
    case WM_PAINT:
    
        hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);

        Paint(hdc);

        EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        break;
    

    case WM_TIMER:
    
        InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, NULL);
        break;
    

    case WM_CLOSE:
    
        DestroyWindow(hwnd);
        break;
    

    case WM_RBUTTONUP:
    case WM_KEYDOWN:
    case WM_DESTROY:
    
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    

    case WM_ERASEBKGND: return TRUE;

    default: return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);

    

    return 0L;


BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)

    char className[] = "_className";
    HWND hwnd = NULL;

    WNDCLASS wc;
    wc.style = 0;
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
    wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.hIcon = NULL;
    wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_CROSS);
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(0);
    wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    wc.lpszClassName = className;

    if (RegisterClass(&wc))
    
        hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
            WS_EX_TRANSPARENT | WS_EX_TOPMOST,
            className, NULL,
            WS_POPUP | WS_VISIBLE,
            0, 0, GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN), GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN),
            NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
    

    if (!hwnd) return FALSE;

    ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOW);
    UpdateWindow(hwnd);

    SetTimer(hwnd, 1, 1, NULL);

    return TRUE;


int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)

    // Take a screenshot and store it to 'hbm'
    HWND hwndDesktop = GetDesktopWindow();
    HDC hdcDesktop = GetDC(hwndDesktop);
    HDC hdcCapture = CreateCompatibleDC(hdcDesktop);
    hbm = CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdcDesktop, GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN), GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN));
    SelectObject(hdcCapture, hbm);
    BitBlt(hdcCapture, 0, 0, GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN), GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN),
        hdcDesktop, 0, 0, SRCCOPY | CAPTUREBLT);

    // Start GDI+
    Gdiplus::GdiplusStartupInput gdiplusStartupInput;
    ULONG_PTR gdiplusToken;
    Gdiplus::GdiplusStartup(&gdiplusToken, &gdiplusStartupInput, NULL);

    MSG msg;

    InitInstance(hInstance, nCmdShow);

    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0)
    
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    

    Gdiplus::GdiplusShutdown(gdiplusToken);
    DeleteObject(hbm);
    ReleaseDC(hwndDesktop, hdcDesktop);
    DeleteDC(hdcDesktop);
    DeleteDC(hdcCapture);

    return msg.wParam;

【问题讨论】：

是 DrawImage() 调用导致闪烁。它覆盖先前绘制的文本，然后 DrawCursorCoords() 将其放回原处。需要双缓冲来消除它，谷歌“c++ gdi+双缓冲”以获得良好的命中率。

@JesperJuhl：那么...您建议使用哪种 C++ 工具来实现与平台无关的 GUI？如果你不能说出一个，是什么让选择正确的工具成为你标记“不好的做法”？

@IInspectable 我的首选是 Qt、SFML 和 SDL。很可能是Qt。希望这算作“命名”。

@JesperJuhl：因此，您建议不要为仅针对 Windows 的工具编写特定于 Windows 的代码，而是建议添加另一个依赖项，现在使其特定于 Windows 的和库特定的？最近是否将过度工程传播到最佳实践？此外，Qt 是一个玩具，它永远无法生成与本机 Windows 桌面 GUI 相媲美的 GUI。它的实现在核心上被破坏了，无法修复。您可以通过使用其键盘界面轻松识别 Qt 应用程序，然后等待它中断。它会，不可避免地。总是。无一例外。

我的 $.02 - Qt 对我来说太重了，除非你真的非常需要它。

【参考方案1】：

您需要使用缓冲区来绘制。你可以创建一个内存dc，或者使用BeginBufferedPaint：

#include <uxtheme.h>
#pragma comment (lib, "uxtheme.lib")
...

case WM_PAINT:

    hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
    RECT rc;
    GetClientRect(hwnd, &rc);
    HDC memdc;
    auto hbuff = BeginBufferedPaint(hdc, &rc, BPBF_COMPATIBLEBITMAP, NULL, &memdc);
    Paint(memdc);
    EndBufferedPaint(hbuff, TRUE);
    EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
    break;

这应该可以解决闪烁问题。我建议删除计时器并改为在鼠标移动中更新绘画：

case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
    InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, NULL);
    break;

您可能还想用SetLayeredWindowAttributes 探索WS_EX_LAYERED 标志，这将创建一个透明窗口，显示其下方的桌面。简单的文本绘制实际上并不需要 GDI+。

此外，Gdiplus 的大多数类都有不同的构造函数，这可以让您避免使用new/delete。示例：

void DrawCursorCoords(Gdiplus::Graphics &graphics, Gdiplus::Bitmap&, Gdiplus::Color c)

    POINT cursorPos;
    GetCursorPos(&cursorPos);

    std::wstring x = std::to_wstring(cursorPos.x);
    std::wstring y = std::to_wstring(cursorPos.y);

    Gdiplus::Font font(L"Consolas", (Gdiplus::REAL)16);
    Gdiplus::SolidBrush brush(c);

    graphics.DrawString(x.c_str(), (int)x.length(), &font,
        Gdiplus::PointF((Gdiplus::REAL)cursorPos.x, (Gdiplus::REAL)cursorPos.y),
        &brush);

    graphics.DrawString(y.c_str(), (int)y.length(), &font,
        Gdiplus::PointF((Gdiplus::REAL)cursorPos.x, (Gdiplus::REAL)(cursorPos.y + 16)),
        &brush);


void Paint(HDC &hdc)

    Gdiplus::Graphics gfx(hdc);
    Gdiplus::Bitmap bmap(hbm, (HPALETTE)0);

    gfx.DrawImage(&bmap, 0, 0,
        GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN), GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN));

    if(GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LBUTTON))
        DrawCursorCoords(gfx, bmap, (Gdiplus::Color)Gdiplus::Color::Red);
    else
        DrawCursorCoords(gfx, bmap, (Gdiplus::Color)Gdiplus::Color::Green);

或者您可以声明Gdiplus::Bitmap *bmap = new Gdiplus::Bitmap(hbm, NULL);，这会复制hbm，因此您可以通过将bmap 声明为全局来提高效率，并且只创建/销毁一次。

ReleaseDC(hwndDesktop, hdcDesktop);
DeleteDC(hdcDesktop); //<- not required

DeleteDC(hdcDesktop) 不是必需的。 hdcDesktop 来自GetDC，已被ReleaseDC 清理

hbm = CreateCompatibleBitmap(...)
SelectObject(hdcCapture, hbm);
...
DeleteObject(hbm);

您还应该按如下方式恢复旧位图：

 hbm = CreateCompatibleBitmap(...)
 auto oldbitmap = SelectObject(hdcCapture, hbm);
 ...
 //cleanup
 SelectObject(hdcCapture, oldbitmap);
 DeleteObject(hbm);

虽然如果不恢复旧位图，windows无论如何都会尝试修复错误，所以大部分时间不会有任何问题。