为啥我的 websocket 请求只有在用 OOP 编写时才“未经授权”，而在仅使用函数编写时同样可以完美运行？

Posted 2023-02-16

【中文标题】为啥我的 websocket 请求只有在用 OOP 编写时才“未经授权”，而在仅使用函数编写时同样可以完美运行？

【英文标题】：Why is my websocket request "unauthorized" only when written in OOP, when the same works perfectly when written with just functions?为什么我的 websocket 请求只有在用 OOP 编写时才“未经授权”，而在仅使用函数编写时同样可以完美运行？

【发布时间】：2019-11-14 19:17:37

【问题描述】：

我正在编写一个 Python 程序来实现一些交易自动化。我使用的 API 来自 Deribit，它的首选传输机制是 Websocket。我是 Python 的 websockets 和 asyncio 模块的新手。

这是我首先编写的代码，用于验证我的客户，然后发送单独的私人消息以从帐户获取订单头寸，仅使用函数编写，没有类：

import asyncio
import websockets
import json

CL_ID = 'qxv0EeAu'
CL_SECRET = 't24F49ocH1_qFawiKnEyqlWF5D-haABb31O8xCQhySg'
REQ_URL = 'wss://test.deribit.com/ws/api/v2'

acc_token = ''

msg = 
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "id": 1,
    "params": 


async def auth_api():

    global msg
    global acc_token 
    msg["method"] = "public/auth"
    msg["params"] = 
        "grant_type": "client_credentials",
        "client_id": CL_ID,
        "client_secret": CL_SECRET,
        "scope": "session:test"
    

    async with websockets.connect(REQ_URL) as websocket:
        await websocket.send(json.dumps(msg))
        while websocket.open:
            response = await websocket.recv()
            response_json = json.loads(response)
            acc_token = response_json["result"]["access_token"]
            return

async def get_position(websocket, instrument):
    global msg
    global acc_token
    msg["id"] += 1
    msg["method"] = "private/get_position"
    msg["params"] = 
        "access_token": acc_token,
        "instrument_name": instrument
    
    await websocket.send(json.dumps(msg))
    while websocket.open:
        response = await websocket.recv()
        return response

async def main():
    global msg
    await auth_api()
    async with websockets.connect(REQ_URL) as websocket:
        response = await get_position(websocket, "BTC-PERPETUAL")
        print(response)


asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())

它工作得很好。这是我的结果：

"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":2,"result":"total_profit_loss":0.000209124,"size_currency":-0.017402402,"size":-150.0,"settlement_price":8649.9,"realized_profit_loss":2.67e-7,"open_orders_margin":0.0,"mark_price":8619.5,"maintenance_margin":0.000100079,"leverage":100,"kind":"future","instrument_name":"BTC-PERPETUAL","initial_margin":0.000174039,"index_price":8619.45,"floating_profit_loss":0.000061161,"estimated_liquidation_price":-14.95,"direction":"sell","delta":-0.017402402,"average_price":8724.34,"usIn":1573756522511975,"usOut":1573756522512240,"usDiff":265,"testnet":true

我决定用OOP的方式重写它，这是我创建的类（文件名为“Call_Deribit”）：

import asyncio, websockets, json

class WSClient():
    def __init__(self, key=None, secret=None, url=None):
        self.api_key = key
        self.api_secret = secret
        self.msg = 
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "id": 0
        
        if url:
            self.host = url
        else:
            self.host = 'wss://test.deribit.com/ws/api/v2'

    async def call_api(self, msg):   
        async with websockets.connect(self.host) as websocket:
            print("Connected to URL:", self.host)
            try:
                await websocket.send(msg)
                while websocket.open:
                    response = await websocket.recv()
                    response_json = json.loads(response)
                    return response_json
            except Exception as e:
                return e

    def request(self, method, params, session=None):
        msg = self.msg
        msg["id"] += 1
        msg["method"] = method
        msg["params"] = params
        if session != None:
            msg["params"]["scope": "session:".format(session)]
        return asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(self.call_api(json.dumps(msg)))

    def get_order_book(self, instrument):
        method = "public/get_order_book"
        params = 
            "instrument_name": instrument
        
        return self.request(method, params)

这是我访问该类的主文件以及我发出所有请求的位置：

import json, asyncio, websockets
from Call_Deribit import WSClient

CL_ID = 'qxv0EeAu'
CL_SECRET = 't24F49ocH1_qFawiKnEyqlWF5D-haABb31O8xCQhySg'
REQ_URL = 'wss://test.deribit.com/ws/api/v2'

method_auth = "public/auth"
params_auth = 
    "grant_type": "client_credentials",
    "client_id": CL_ID,
    "client_secret": CL_SECRET


main_client = WSClient(key=CL_ID, secret=CL_SECRET, url=REQ_URL)
auth_response = main_client.request(method_auth, params_auth)
acc_token = auth_response["result"]["access_token"]

method_pos = "private/get_position"
params_pos = 
    "access_token": acc_token,
    "instrument_name": "BTC-PERPETUAL"


position =  main_client.request(method_pos, params_pos)
print(position)

这次第一个身份验证请求正在运行，我也能够提取访问令牌，但第二个 private/get_position 消息无论出于何种原因返回一个 unauthorized 错误。

'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'id': 1, 'error': 'message': 'unauthorized', 'code': 13009, 'testnet': True, 'usIn': 1573756936534405, 'usOut': 1573756936534629, 'usDiff': 224

我已经花费了几个小时，而且我在 OOP 版本中所做的事情似乎与我在原始版本中所做的完全一样。我对 OOP 及其概念（例如继承）的熟悉程度有限，所以我想知道我在这里缺少什么，以及为什么我的代码在 OOP 版本中不起作用，尽管遵循与中相同的确切工作流程原版。

这里是 Deribit API 的文档：https://docs.deribit.com/v2/?python#json-rpc

任何帮助将不胜感激。

【参考方案1】：

在主文件中添加params_auth 下的范围有效：

params_auth = 
    "grant_type": "client_credentials",
    "client_id": CL_ID,
    "client_secret": CL_SECRET,
    "scope": "session:test"