在 Swift 中将多个 UIButton 添加到多个 UIView

Posted 2023-03-22

【中文标题】在 Swift 中将多个 UIButton 添加到多个 UIView

【英文标题】：Adding multiple UIButton to multiple UIView in Swift

【发布时间】：2017-10-21 12:01:12

【问题描述】：

我在下面编写了代码，以编程方式创建多个UIButton，这些UIButton 被放置在不同的UIView 上。所有按钮都是相似的，但按钮标题不同。代码确实完成了它需要做的事情，但是正如您所看到的，代码相当冗长，太冗长了。

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问题

如何构造下面的代码并使其简洁明了？

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代码

let myButton0 = UIButton(type: UIButtonType.Custom)
myButton0.setTitle("Text 0", forState:.Normal)
myButton0.titleLabel!.font = UIFont.systemFontOfSize(12)
myButton0.setTitleColor(UIColor.whiteColor(), forState: .Normal)
myButton0.backgroundColor =  UIColor.darkGrayColor()
myButton0.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 100)
myButton0.alpha = 1
myButton0.showsTouchWhenHighlighted = false
myButton0.adjustsImageWhenHighlighted = false
myButton0.addTarget(self, action: #selector(ViewController.goDoThis0), forControlEvents:.TouchUpInside)
myView0.addSubview(myButton0)

let myButton1 = UIButton(type: UIButtonType.Custom)
myButton1.setTitle("Text 1", forState:.Normal)
myButton1.titleLabel!.font = UIFont.systemFontOfSize(12)
myButton1.setTitleColor(UIColor.whiteColor(), forState: .Normal)
myButton1.backgroundColor =  UIColor.darkGrayColor()
myButton1.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 100)
myButton1.alpha = 1
myButton1.showsTouchWhenHighlighted = false
myButton1.adjustsImageWhenHighlighted = false
myButton1.addTarget(self, action: #selector(ViewController.goDoThis1), forControlEvents:.TouchUpInside)
myView1.addSubview(myButton1)

let myButton2 = UIButton(type: UIButtonType.Custom)
myButton2.setTitle("Text 2", forState:.Normal)
myButton2.titleLabel!.font = UIFont.systemFontOfSize(12)
myButton2.setTitleColor(UIColor.whiteColor(), forState: .Normal)
myButton2.backgroundColor =  UIColor.darkGrayColor()
myButton2.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 100)
myButton2.alpha = 1
myButton2.showsTouchWhenHighlighted = false
myButton2.adjustsImageWhenHighlighted = false
myButton2.addTarget(self, action: #selector(ViewController.goDoThis2), forControlEvents:.TouchUpInside)
myView2.addSubview(myButton2)

let myButton3 = UIButton(type: UIButtonType.Custom)
myButton3.setTitle("Text 3", forState:.Normal)
myButton3.titleLabel!.font = UIFont.systemFontOfSize(12)
myButton3.setTitleColor(UIColor.whiteColor(), forState: .Normal)
myButton3.backgroundColor =  UIColor.darkGrayColor()
myButton3.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 100)
myButton3.alpha = 1
myButton3.showsTouchWhenHighlighted = false
myButton3.adjustsImageWhenHighlighted = false
myButton3.addTarget(self, action: #selector(ViewController.goDoThis3), forControlEvents:.TouchUpInside)
myView3.addSubview(myButton3)

let myButton4 = UIButton(type: UIButtonType.Custom)
myButton4.setTitle("Text 4", forState:.Normal)
myButton4.titleLabel!.font = UIFont.systemFontOfSize(12)
myButton4.setTitleColor(UIColor.whiteColor(), forState: .Normal)
myButton4.backgroundColor =  UIColor.darkGrayColor()
myButton4.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 100)
myButton4.alpha = 1
myButton4.showsTouchWhenHighlighted = false
myButton4.adjustsImageWhenHighlighted = false
myButton4.addTarget(self, action: #selector(ViewController.goDoThis4), forControlEvents:.TouchUpInside)
myView4.addSubview(myButton4)

【问题讨论】：

这个问题可能最适合核心评论论坛 - codereview.stackexchange.com - 但在我的脑海中，为什么不扩展 UIButton，创建一个 convenience 初始化程序，将每个按钮的代码包装到一个电话？您甚至可以将 addTarget 参数传递给初始化程序。 （我一直这样做。）

子类化 uibutton

【参考方案1】：

(Swift 4.0)首先，写一个创建按钮的常用方法：

func createButton(title:String,toView:UIView,action:Selector) 
    let myButton = UIButton(type: UIButtonType.custom)
    myButton.setTitle(title, for:.normal)
    myButton.titleLabel?.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 12)
    myButton.setTitleColor(UIColor.white, for: .normal)
    myButton.backgroundColor =  UIColor.darkGray
    myButton.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 200, height: 100)
    myButton.alpha = 1
    myButton.showsTouchWhenHighlighted = false
    myButton.adjustsImageWhenHighlighted = false
    myButton.addTarget(self, action: action, for: .touchUpInside)
    toView.addSubview(myButton)

然后创建这样的按钮：

let buttonInfos = [
                      ["Text 0",myView0,#selector(ViewController.goDoThis0)],
                      ["Text 1",myView1,#selector(ViewController.goDoThis1)],
                      ["Text 2",myView2,#selector(ViewController.goDoThis2)],
                      ["Text 3",myView3,#selector(ViewController.goDoThis3)],
                      ["Text 4",myView4,#selector(ViewController.goDoThis4)],
                  ]

for buttonInfo in buttonInfos 
    self.createButton(title: buttonInfo[0] as! String, toView: buttonInfo[1] as! UIView, action: buttonInfo[2] as! Selector)

【讨论】：

完美。解释和代码向我展示了一种新技术。非常感谢！

【参考方案2】：

虽然这个问题已经得到解答，但我想提供另一种改编自 Yun CHEN's answer 的方法。

同样，为您的按钮创建一个通用方法：

func createButton(title:String,toView:UIView,action:Selector) 
    let myButton = UIButton(type: UIButtonType.custom)
    myButton.setTitle(title, for:.normal)
    myButton.titleLabel?.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 12)
    myButton.setTitleColor(UIColor.white, for: .normal)
    myButton.backgroundColor =  UIColor.darkGray
    myButton.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 200, height: 100)
    myButton.alpha = 1
    myButton.showsTouchWhenHighlighted = false
    myButton.adjustsImageWhenHighlighted = false
    myButton.addTarget(self, action: action, for: .touchUpInside)
    toView.addSubview(myButton)

然后在一个元组数组中列出按钮信息：

let buttonInfos = [
                      ("Text 0",myView0,#selector(ViewController.goDoThis0)),
                      ("Text 1",myView1,#selector(ViewController.goDoThis1)),
                      ("Text 2",myView2,#selector(ViewController.goDoThis2)),
                      ("Text 3",myView3,#selector(ViewController.goDoThis3)),
                      ("Text 4",myView4,#selector(ViewController.goDoThis4)),
                  ]

最后像这样创建按钮：

for buttonInfo in buttonInfos 
    self.createButton(title: buttonInfo.0, toView: buttonInfo.1, action: buttonInfo.2)

正如您在案例中看到的那样，通过使用元组，您无需使用 as! String 、 as! UIView 等进行类型转换，从而简化了代码并使代码更短、更安全。

【讨论】：

感谢您的选择！