使用 Pandas 的两个时间戳之间的每小时时间序列(以分钟为单位)
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【中文标题】使用 Pandas 的两个时间戳之间的每小时时间序列(以分钟为单位)【英文标题】:Hourly time series in minutes between two timestamps using Pandas 【发布时间】:2018-07-17 00:21:35 【问题描述】:我有一系列带有开始时间和结束时间的时间戳。我想生成两个时间戳之间每小时的分钟数:
import pandas as pd
start_time = pd.to_datetime('2013-03-26 21:49:08',infer_datetime_format=True)
end_time = pd.to_datetime('2013-03-27 05:21:00, infer_datetime_format=True)
pd.date_range(start_time, end_time, freq='h')
给出:
DatetimeIndex(['2013-03-26 21:49:08', '2013-03-26 22:49:08',
'2013-03-26 23:49:08', '2013-03-27 00:49:08',
'2013-03-27 01:49:08', '2013-03-27 02:49:08',
'2013-03-27 03:49:08', '2013-03-27 04:49:08'],
dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='H')
示例结果:我想计算开始和结束时间之间以小时为界的分钟数,如下所示:
2013-03-26 21:00:00' - 10m 52secs
2013-03-26 22:00:00' - 60 m
2013-03-26 23:00:00' - 60 m
2013-03-27 05:00:00' - 21 m
我看过 pandas resample,但不完全确定如何实现这一点。任何方向表示赞赏。
【问题讨论】:
【参考方案1】:构造两个Series
,分别对应每小时的开始和结束时间。使用clip_lower
和clip_upper
将它们限制在您想要的时间跨度内,然后减去:
# hourly range, floored to the nearest hour
rng = pd.date_range(start_time.floor('h'), end_time.floor('h'), freq='h')
# get the left and right endpoints for each hour
# clipped to be inclusive of [start_time, end_time]
left = pd.Series(rng, index=rng).clip_lower(start_time)
right = pd.Series(rng + 1, index=rng).clip_upper(end_time)
# construct a series of the lengths
s = right - left
结果输出:
2013-03-26 21:00:00 00:10:52
2013-03-26 22:00:00 01:00:00
2013-03-26 23:00:00 01:00:00
2013-03-27 00:00:00 01:00:00
2013-03-27 01:00:00 01:00:00
2013-03-27 02:00:00 01:00:00
2013-03-27 03:00:00 01:00:00
2013-03-27 04:00:00 01:00:00
2013-03-27 05:00:00 00:21:00
Freq: H, dtype: timedelta64[ns]
【讨论】:
【参考方案2】:这似乎是一个可行的解决方案:
import pandas as pd
import datetime as dt
def bounded_min(t, range_time):
""" For a given timestamp t and considered time interval range_time,
return the desired bounded value in minutes and seconds"""
# min() takes care of the end of the time interval,
# max() takes care of the beginning of the interval
s = (min(t + dt.timedelta(hours=1), range_time.max()) -
max(t, range_time.min())).total_seconds()
if s%60:
return "%dm %dsecs" % (s/60, s%60)
else:
return "%dm" % (s/60)
start_time = pd.to_datetime('2013-03-26 21:49:08',infer_datetime_format=True)
end_time = pd.to_datetime('2013-03-27 05:21:00', infer_datetime_format=True)
range_time = pd.date_range(start_time, end_time, freq='h')
# Include the end of the time range using the union() trick, as described at:
# https://***.com/questions/37890391/how-to-include-end-date-in-pandas-date-range-method
range_time = range_time.union([end_time])
# This is essentially timestamps for beginnings of hours
index_time = pd.Series(range_time).apply(lambda x: dt.datetime(year=x.year,
month=x.month,
day=x.day,
hour=x.hour,
minute=0,
second=0))
bounded_mins = index_time.apply(lambda x: bounded_min(x, range_time))
# Put timestamps and values together
bounded_df = pd.DataFrame(bounded_mins, columns=["Bounded Mins"]).set_index(index_time)
print bounded_df
一定要喜欢强大的 lambda 表达式:)。不过也许有更简单的方法。
输出:
Bounded Mins
2013-03-26 21:00:00 10m 52secs
2013-03-26 22:00:00 60m
2013-03-26 23:00:00 60m
2013-03-27 00:00:00 60m
2013-03-27 01:00:00 60m
2013-03-27 02:00:00 60m
2013-03-27 03:00:00 60m
2013-03-27 04:00:00 60m
2013-03-27 05:00:00 21m
【讨论】:
最后,您也可以使用以下方法在 bounded_mins 系列上设置索引,而不是创建数据框:bounded_mins.index = index_time
【参考方案3】:
在某种 for 循环中使用 datetime.timedelta() 似乎正是您要寻找的。p>
https://docs.python.org/2/library/datetime.html#datetime.timedelta
【讨论】:
我尝试了像 t2 - t1 这样的 timedelta。但是,我想要两个时间戳之间所有小时的分钟数差异。以上是关于使用 Pandas 的两个时间戳之间的每小时时间序列(以分钟为单位)的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章