URLSession downloadTask 在后台运行时的行为?

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【中文标题】URLSession downloadTask 在后台运行时的行为?【英文标题】:URLSession downloadTask behavior when running in the background? 【发布时间】:2017-10-25 17:59:39 【问题描述】:

我有一个应用程序需要下载一个可能相当大的文件(可能大到 20 MB)。我一直在阅读 URLSession downloadTasks 以及当应用程序进入后台或被 ios 终止时它们是如何工作的。我希望继续下载,从我读过的内容来看,这是可能的。我找到了一篇博文here,详细讨论了这个话题。

根据我的阅读,我首先创建了一个下载管理器类,如下所示:

class DownloadManager : NSObject, URLSessionDownloadDelegate, URLSessionTaskDelegate 

    static var shared = DownloadManager()

    var backgroundSessionCompletionHandler: (() -> Void)?

    var session : URLSession 
        get 
            let config = URLSessionConfiguration.background(withIdentifier: "\(Bundle.main.bundleIdentifier!).background")
            return URLSession(configuration: config, delegate: self, delegateQueue: OperationQueue())
        
    

    private override init() 
    

    func urlSessionDidFinishEvents(forBackgroundURLSession session: URLSession) 
        DispatchQueue.main.async 
            if let completionHandler = self.backgroundSessionCompletionHandler 
                self.backgroundSessionCompletionHandler = nil
                completionHandler()
            
        
    

    func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, downloadTask: URLSessionDownloadTask, didFinishDownloadingTo location: URL) 
        if let sessionId = session.configuration.identifier 
            log.info("Download task finished for session ID: \(sessionId), task ID: \(downloadTask.taskIdentifier); file was downloaded to \(location)")

            do 
                // just for testing purposes
                try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: location)
                print("Deleted downloaded file from \(location)")
             catch 
                print(error)
                     
        
    

    func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, downloadTask: URLSessionDownloadTask, didWriteData bytesWritten: Int64, totalBytesWritten: Int64, totalBytesExpectedToWrite: Int64) 
        if totalBytesExpectedToWrite > 0 
            let progress = Float(totalBytesWritten) / Float(totalBytesExpectedToWrite)
            let progressPercentage = progress * 100
            print("Download with task identifier: \(downloadTask.taskIdentifier) is \(progressPercentage)% complete...")
        
    

    func urlSession(_ session: URLSession, task: URLSessionTask, didCompleteWithError error: Error?) 
        if let error = error 
            print("Task failed with error: \(error)")
         else 
            print("Task completed successfully.")
        
    

我也在我的 AppDelegate 中添加了这个方法:

    func application(_ application: UIApplication, handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession identifier: String, completionHandler: @escaping () -> Void) 

        DownloadManager.shared.backgroundSessionCompletionHandler = completionHandler

        // if the app gets terminated, I need to reconstruct the URLSessionConfiguration and the URLSession in order to "re-connect" to the previous URLSession instance and process the completed download tasks
        // for now, I'm just putting the app in the background (not terminating it) so I've commented out the lines below
        //let config = URLSessionConfiguration.background(withIdentifier: identifier)
        //let session = URLSession(configuration: config, delegate: DownloadManager.shared, delegateQueue: OperationQueue.main)

        // since my app hasn't been terminated, my existing URLSession should still be around and doesn't need to be re-created
        let session = DownloadManager.shared.session

        session.getTasksWithCompletionHandler  (dataTasks, uploadTasks, downloadTasks) -> Void in

            // downloadTasks = [URLSessionDownloadTask]
            print("There are \(downloadTasks.count) download tasks associated with this session.")
            for downloadTask in downloadTasks 
                print("downloadTask.taskIdentifier = \(downloadTask.taskIdentifier)")
            
        
    

最后,我像这样开始我的测试下载:

    let session = DownloadManager.shared.session

    // this is a 100MB PDF file that I'm using for testing
    let testUrl = URL(string: "https://scholar.princeton.edu/sites/default/files/oversize_pdf_test_0.pdf")!            
    let task = session.downloadTask(with: testUrl)

    // I think I'll ultimately need to persist the session ID, task ID and a file path for use in the delegate methods once the download has completed

    task.resume()

当我运行此代码并开始下载时,我看到委托方法被调用,但我还看到一条消息:

A background URLSession with identifier com.example.testapp.background already exists!

认为这是因为 application:handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession:completionHandler:

中的以下调用而发生的
let session = DownloadManager.shared.session

我的 DownloadManager 类中的 session 属性的 getter(我直接从前面引用的博客文章中获取)总是尝试使用后台配置创建一个新的 URLSession。据我了解,如果我的应用程序已被终止,那么这将是“重新连接”到原始 URLSession 的适当行为。但是由于可能应用程序没有被终止,而只是进入后台,所以当调用 application:handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession:completionHandler: 时,我应该引用现有的 URLSession 实例。至少我认为这就是问题所在。谁能为我澄清这种行为?谢谢!

【问题讨论】:

单独构造 URLSession 对象是否足以重新连接到前一个实例,或者我们必须恢复该会话上的任何任务,如本论坛中讨论的 forums.developer.apple.com/thread/77666 【参考方案1】:

您的问题是每次引用会话变量时都在创建一个新会话:

var session : URLSession 
        get 
            let config = URLSessionConfiguration.background(withIdentifier: "\(Bundle.main.bundleIdentifier!).background")
            return URLSession(configuration: config, delegate: self, delegateQueue: OperationQueue())
        
    

相反,将会话保留为实例变量,然后获取它:

class DownloadManager:NSObject 

    static var shared = DownloadManager()
    var delegate = DownloadManagerSessionDelegate()
    var session:URLSession

    let config = URLSessionConfiguration.background(withIdentifier: "\(Bundle.main.bundleIdentifier!).background")

    override init() 
        session = URLSession(configuration: config, delegate: delegate, delegateQueue: OperationQueue())
        super.init()
    


class DownloadManagerSessionDelegate: NSObject, URLSessionDelegate 
    // implement here

当我在操场上这样做时,它表明重复调用会产生相同的会话,并且没有错误:

会话不在进程中,它是操作系统的一部分。每次访问写入的会话变量时都会增加引用计数,这会导致错误。

【讨论】:

如果您使 URLSession 无效并且必须创建一个新的怎么办? 那么当使用单个 URLSession 执行多个任务时,如何识别一个任务呢? @francisaugusto 该任务有一个taskIdentifier 属性。您可以在创建任务时将其存储在某个地方,并在以后使用它来识别它...

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