UITableView 部分标题的自动布局问题

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【中文标题】UITableView 部分标题的自动布局问题【英文标题】:Auto Layout issue with a UITableView section header 【发布时间】:2014-02-07 18:31:37 【问题描述】:

我正在使用UITableViewController。我有一个项目表,如果他进行更多编辑,用户可以删除这些项目。当他进入编辑模式时,我想显示一个标题,提供删除所有项目的选项。同时,它应该显示一个标签,提供有关正在使用多少空间的信息。如果设备进入横向模式,我希望它自动调整大小。据我所知,我需要使用自动布局来执行此操作。

我很想在 Storyboard 中设计的 UIView 中设置标题,但 Storyboard 只允许视图控制器,而不是视图。我知道我可以让一个 XIB 文件保存它,但如果可以的话,我宁愿避免这样做。

首先,我重写了editing 属性,以便在编辑模式下重绘表格部分。

- (void)setEditing:(BOOL)editing animated:(BOOL)animated

    [super setEditing:editing animated:animated];
    NSIndexSet *set = [NSIndexSet indexSetWithIndex:0];
    [self.tableView reloadSections:set withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationAutomatic];

我使用此代码在适当的时候插入节标题:

- (UIView *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView viewForHeaderInSection:(NSInteger)section

    if (self.isEditing)
        return [self headerView];
    else
        return nil;


- (CGFloat)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView heightForHeaderInSection:(NSInteger)section

    if (self.isEditing)
        return [self headerView].frame.size.height;
    else
        return 0;

魔法发生在- headerView 方法中。它返回一个UIView *,必要时从缓存中获取。它添加按钮和标签,然后放入约束。我在情节提要中使用了这些相同的约束,我没有遇到任何问题。

- (UIView *)headerView

    if (headerView)
        return headerView;

    float w = [[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds].size.width;

    UIButton *deleteAllButton = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
    [deleteAllButton setTitle:@"Delete All" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    CGRect deleteAllButtonFrame = CGRectMake(8.0, 8.0, 30.0, 30);   // The autolayout should resize this.
    [deleteAllButton setFrame:deleteAllButtonFrame];
    deleteAllButton.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
    [deleteAllButton setContentHuggingPriority:252 forAxis:UILayoutConstraintAxisHorizontal];
    [deleteAllButton setContentCompressionResistancePriority:751 forAxis:UILayoutConstraintAxisHorizontal];

    CGRect textFrame = CGRectMake(47.0, 8.0, 30.0, 30); // The autolayout should resize this.
    UILabel *currSizeText = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:textFrame];
    currSizeText.text = @"You have a lot of text here telling you that you have stuff to delete";
    currSizeText.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
    currSizeText.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth = YES;

    CGRect headerViewFrame = CGRectMake(0, 0, w, 48);
    headerView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:headerViewFrame];
    //headerView.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingNone;//UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleHeight;
    //headerView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
    [headerView addSubview:deleteAllButton];
    [headerView addSubview:currSizeText];

    NSDictionary *viewsDictionary = NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(deleteAllButton, currSizeText);

    [headerView addConstraints:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"|-[deleteAllButton]-[currSizeText]-|"
                                                                       options:0
                                                                       metrics:nil
                                                                         views:viewsDictionary]];

    [headerView addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:deleteAllButton
                                      attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
                                      relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                         toItem:headerView
                                      attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
                                     multiplier:0.5
                                       constant:0]];
    [headerView addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:currSizeText
                                                           attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
                                                           relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                              toItem:headerView
                                                           attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
                                                          multiplier:0.5
                                                            constant:0]];
    return headerView;

现在,一切都运行良好。按钮保持恒定大小(因为拥抱和压缩阻力高于标签)并且标签将更改其文本以适应可用空间。当我旋转设备时它会调整大小。标签上的垂直居中似乎偏离了,但我现在愿意忽略它。

但是,当我第一次设置节标题时,我收到了一个恼人的自动布局警告。

2014-02-07 11:25:19.770 ErikApp[10704:70b] Unable to simultaneously satisfy constraints.
    Probably at least one of the constraints in the following list is one you don't want. Try this: (1) look at each constraint and try to figure out which you don't expect; (2) find the code that added the unwanted constraint or constraints and fix it. (Note: If you're seeing NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraints that you don't understand, refer to the documentation for the UIView property translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints) 
(
    "<NSLayoutConstraint:0xb9a4ad0 H:|-(NSSpace(20))-[UIButton:0xb99e220]   (Names: '|':UIView:0xb9a4680 )>",
    "<NSLayoutConstraint:0xb9a4bf0 H:[UIButton:0xb99e220]-(NSSpace(8))-[UILabel:0xb99f530]>",
    "<NSLayoutConstraint:0xb9a4c20 H:[UILabel:0xb99f530]-(NSSpace(20))-|   (Names: '|':UIView:0xb9a4680 )>",
    "<NSAutoresizingMaskLayoutConstraint:0xa2d1680 h=--& v=--& H:[UIView:0xb9a4680(0)]>"
)

Will attempt to recover by breaking constraint 
<NSLayoutConstraint:0xb9a4bf0 H:[UIButton:0xb99e220]-(NSSpace(8))-[UILabel:0xb99f530]>

Break on objc_exception_throw to catch this in the debugger.
The methods in the UIConstraintBasedLayoutDebugging category on UIView listed in <UIKit/UIView.h> may also be helpful.

我的第一个想法是将返回的UIView 属性translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints 更改为NO。当我这样做时,我会遇到崩溃而不是警告。不完全是一种改进。

2014-02-07 10:49:13.041 ErikApp[10597:70b] *** Assertion failure in -[UITableView layoutSublayersOfLayer:], /SourceCache/UIKit_Sim/UIKit-2903.23/UIView.m:8540
2014-02-07 10:49:13.383 ErikApp[10597:70b] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInternalInconsistencyException', reason: 'Auto Layout still required after executing -layoutSubviews. UITableView's implementation of -layoutSubviews needs to call super.'

有没有人建议如何消除警告?

【问题讨论】:

仅供参考,您可以将标题视图直接放在情节提要中的 UITableViewController 上。只需将视图拖到表格顶部即可。 这听起来是个好主意@TimothyMoose。不过我确实试过了。它不像我现在的方法那样动画,即使它消失了,也会留下空白。 你的“UITableView header”实际上是一个section header。为了清楚起见,最好将其称为节标题。 很公平。我已编辑问题以反映这一点。 仅供参考,当您使用自动布局时,您不应手动设置组件的框架。 【参考方案1】:

似乎当您的部分重新加载时,UITableView 有时会同时引用旧的部分标题和新的部分。如果是相同的观点,就会出现一些问题。因此,您必须始终提供与tableView:viewForHeaderInSection: 方法不同的视图。

有时在节标题中显示单个实例非常有用。为此,您需要在每次被要求提供节标题时创建一个新视图,并将您的自定义视图放入其中,并适当地配置约束。这是一个例子:

@property (strong, nonatomic) UIView *headerContentView;

- (void)viewDidLoad 
    // Create the view, which is to be presented inside the section header
    self.headerContentView = [self loadHeaderContentView];
    // Note that we have to set the following property to NO to prevent the unsatisfiable constraints
    self.headerContentView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;


- (UIView *)loadHeaderContentView 
    // Here you instantiate your custom view from a nib
    // or create it programmatically. Speaking in terms
    // of the OP, it should look like the following. (Note:
    // I have removed all the frame-related code as your are
    // not supposed to deal with frames directly with auto layout.
    // I have also removed the line setting translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints property
    // to NO of the headerContentView object as we do it explicitly in viewDidLoad.
    UIButton *deleteAllButton = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
    [deleteAllButton setTitle:@"Delete All" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    deleteAllButton.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
    [deleteAllButton setContentHuggingPriority:252 forAxis:UILayoutConstraintAxisHorizontal];
    [deleteAllButton setContentCompressionResistancePriority:751 forAxis:UILayoutConstraintAxisHorizontal];

    UILabel *currSizeText = [[UILabel alloc] init];
    currSizeText.text = @"You have a lot of text here telling you that you have stuff to delete";
    currSizeText.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
    currSizeText.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth = YES;

    UIView *headerContentView = [[UIView alloc] init];
    [headerContentView addSubview:deleteAllButton];
    [headerContentView addSubview:currSizeText];

    NSDictionary *viewsDictionary = NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(deleteAllButton, currSizeText);

    // In the original post you used to have an ambigious layout
    // as the Y position of neither button nor label was set.
    // Note passing NSLayoutFormatAlignAllCenterY as an option
    [headerContentView addConstraints:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"|-[deleteAllButton]-[currSizeText]-|"
                                                                              options:NSLayoutFormatAlignAllCenterY
                                                                              metrics:nil
                                                                                views:viewsDictionary]];
    [headerContentView addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:deleteAllButton
                                                                  attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterY
                                                                  relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                                     toItem:headerContentView
                                                                  attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterY
                                                                 multiplier:1
                                                                   constant:0]];
    // Here setting the heights of the subviews
    [headerContentView addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:deleteAllButton
                                                           attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
                                                           relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                              toItem:headerContentView
                                                           attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
                                                          multiplier:0.5
                                                            constant:0]];
    [headerContentView addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:currSizeText
                                                           attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
                                                           relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                              toItem:headerContentView
                                                           attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight
                                                          multiplier:0.5
                                                            constant:0]];
    return headerContentView;


- (UIView *)headerView 
    UIView *headerView = [[UIView alloc] init];
    [headerView addSubview:self.headerContentView];

    NSDictionary *views = @@"headerContentView" : self.headerContentView;
    NSArray *hConstraints = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|[headerContentView]|" options:0 metrics:nil views:views];
    NSArray *vConstraints = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|[headerContentView]|" options:0 metrics:nil views:views];
    [headerView addConstraints:hConstraints];
    [headerView addConstraints:vConstraints];

    return headerView;


- (UIView *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView viewForHeaderInSection:(NSInteger)section

    if (self.isEditing)
        return [self headerView];
    return nil;      


- (CGFloat)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView heightForHeaderInSection:(NSInteger)section

    // You need to return a concrete value here
    // and not the current height of the header.
    if (self.isEditing)
        return 48;
    return 0;

【讨论】:

我实际上并没有遵循这条线的重点:self.headerContentView = [self headerContentView];。应该是self.headerContentView = [self headerView]; 不,这个方法应该返回视图,然后将显示在节标题中。这取决于您是从 nib 实例化它还是以编程方式创建它,问题是您只执行一次,因为该方法在 viewDidLoad 方法中调用。我会将其重命名为更清晰的名称。 我已经更新了我的答案,所以现在它包含您原始帖子中的代码。 我试用了您的新代码,现在我收到错误消息:“*** Assertion failure in -[UITableView layoutSublayersOfLayer:], /SourceCache/UIKit_Sim/UIKit-2903.23/UIView.m:8540 " 我还更改了您的答案,以修复编译时发生的一些小错误。 毕竟更新了我的答案。现在它完全可以工作了。【参考方案2】:

我在这里为这篇文章创建了一个 GitHub 存储库:https://github.com/bilobatum/AnimatedTableHeaderDemo

此解决方案实现了一个表头视图,即self.tableView.tableHeaderView,而不是具有单个节的表视图的节头。

表格标题视图及其子视图为测试目的而着色。为测试目的选择任意表头高度。

当表格视图进入编辑模式时,表格标题被延迟实例化并动画到位。当表格视图退出编辑模式时,动画会隐藏表格标题。

一般来说,您不应该在使用自动布局时设置框架。但是,表头在某种意义上是一种特殊情况。不要使用自动布局来调整表头的大小或位置。相反,您必须设置表头的框架(实际上,您只需要设置矩形的高度)。反过来,系统会将表头的框架转换为约束。

但是,可以在表头的子视图上使用自动布局。其中一些约束安装在表头视图上。

@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, strong) NSArray *mockData;
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIButton *deleteAllButton;
@property (nonatomic, strong) UILabel *label;
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIView *headerView;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad

    [super viewDidLoad];

    self.title = @"Fruit";
    self.mockData = @[@"Orange", @"Apple", @"Pear", @"Banana", @"Cantalope"];

    self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = self.editButtonItem;


- (UIButton *)deleteAllButton

    if (!_deleteAllButton) 
        _deleteAllButton = [[UIButton alloc] init];
        _deleteAllButton.backgroundColor = [UIColor grayColor];
        [_deleteAllButton setTitle:@"Delete All" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        _deleteAllButton.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
        [_deleteAllButton addTarget:self action:@selector(handleDeleteAll) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    
    return _deleteAllButton;


- (UILabel *)label

    if (!_label) 
        _label = [[UILabel alloc] init];
        _label.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
        _label.text = @"Delete all button prompt";
        _label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
    
    return _label;


- (UIView *)headerView

    if (!_headerView) 
        _headerView = [[UIView alloc] init];
        // WARNING: do not set translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints to NO
        _headerView.backgroundColor = [UIColor orangeColor];
        _headerView.clipsToBounds = YES;

        [_headerView addSubview:self.label];
        [_headerView addSubview:self.deleteAllButton];

        [_headerView addConstraints:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-[_deleteAllButton]-[_label]-|" options:NSLayoutFormatAlignAllCenterY metrics:0 views:NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(_label, _deleteAllButton)]];

        [_headerView addConstraint:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:self.deleteAllButton attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterY relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:_headerView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterY multiplier:1.0f constant:0.0f]];
    

    return _headerView;


- (void)setEditing:(BOOL)editing animated:(BOOL)animated

    [super setEditing:editing animated:animated];

    if (self.editing) 
        self.tableView.tableHeaderView = self.headerView;
        [self.tableView layoutIfNeeded];
    

    [UIView animateWithDuration:1.0 animations:^

        CGRect rect = self.headerView.frame;

        if (editing) 
            rect.size.height = 60.0f; // arbitrary; for testing purposes
         else 
            rect.size.height = 0.0f;
        

        self.headerView.frame = rect;
        self.tableView.tableHeaderView = self.headerView;

        [self.tableView layoutIfNeeded];

     completion:^(BOOL finished) 

        if (!editing) 
            self.tableView.tableHeaderView = nil;
        
    ];


- (void)handleDeleteAll

    NSLog(@"handle delete all");


#pragma mark - Table view data source

- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section

    return [self.mockData count];


- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath

    static NSString *CellIdentifier = @"Cell";
    UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:CellIdentifier forIndexPath:indexPath];

    cell.textLabel.text = self.mockData[indexPath.row];

    return cell;


@end

【讨论】:

你知道为什么点击按钮没有视觉效果吗?【参考方案3】:

你问这个问题已经很久了,但也许答案对你(或其他人)有帮助。

Autolayout 已(自动)为整个部分标题宽度添加了一个约束(调试输出约束列表中的最后一个)。这当然应该没有问题,因为在计算子视图的框架时会考虑宽度。 但有时在计算帧数时似乎会出现舍入误差...

只需为其中一个子视图宽度值添加较低的优先级即可解决问题:

...@"|-[deleteAllButton(30.0@999)]-[currSizeText]-|"

如果按钮宽度不恒定,请使用 ...deleteAllButton(>=30@999)...

【讨论】:

【参考方案4】:

我尝试使用的解决方法是跳过部分标题内容并直接转到tableHeaderView。我已经用这个替换了我的 editing 属性:

- (void)setEditing:(BOOL)editing animated:(BOOL)animated

    [super setEditing:editing animated:animated];
    if (editing)
        self.tableView.tableHeaderView = [self headerView];
    else
        self.tableView.tableHeaderView = nil;

它的动画效果不如部分标题,但现在就可以了。

这并不能真正解决实际问题(因此是“解决方法”),所以我不会接受它作为解决方案。

【讨论】:

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