如何获取 Elm 0.17/0.18 中的当前时间?
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【中文标题】如何获取 Elm 0.17/0.18 中的当前时间?【英文标题】:How do I get the current time in Elm 0.17/0.18? 【发布时间】:2016-10-27 13:37:51 【问题描述】:我已经问过这个问题了:How do I get the current time in Elm?
并通过编写我自己(现已弃用)的 start-app 变体来回答它:http://package.elm-lang.org/packages/z5h/time-app/1.0.1
当然,Elm 架构已经改变了,我以前的做事方式不再有效,因为没有信号或Time.timestamp
。
所以....
假设我构建了一个具有标准更新函数签名的应用程序:update : Msg -> Model -> (Model, Cmd Msg)
我想给我的模型加上更新时间的时间戳。一个不可接受的几乎解决方案是订阅Time.every
。从概念上讲,这不是我想要的。这是随时间更新模型,并使用消息单独更新模型。
我想要的是能够写一个带有签名的更新函数:updateWithTime : Msg -> Time -> Model -> (Model, Cmd Msg)
我开始尝试通过添加一些额外的消息来解决这个问题:Msg = ... When | NewTime Time
并创建一个新命令:timeCmd = perform (\x -> NewTime 0.0) NewTime Time.now
所以在任何操作中,我都可以触发一个额外的命令来检索时间。但这很快就会变得混乱和失控。
关于如何清理它的任何想法?
【问题讨论】:
【参考方案1】:
无需在每个更新路径上进行时间获取的一种选择是将您的Msg
包装在另一种可以获取时间的消息类型中,然后使用时间调用您的普通update
。这是http://elm-lang.org/examples/buttons 的修改版本,每次更新都会更新模型上的时间戳。
import html exposing (div, button, text)
import Html.App exposing (program)
import Html.Events exposing (onClick)
import Task
import Time exposing (Time)
main =
program init = (Model 0 0, Cmd.none), view = view, update = update, subscriptions = (\_ -> Sub.none)
type alias Model =
count: Int
, updateTime : Time
view model =
Html.App.map GetTimeAndThen (modelView model)
type Msg
= GetTimeAndThen ModelMsg
| GotTime ModelMsg Time
update msg model =
case msg of
GetTimeAndThen wrappedMsg ->
(model, Task.perform (\_ -> Debug.crash "") (GotTime wrappedMsg) Time.now)
GotTime wrappedMsg time ->
let
(newModel, cmd) = modelUpdate wrappedMsg time model
in
(newModel, Cmd.map GetTimeAndThen cmd)
type ModelMsg = Increment | Decrement
modelUpdate msg time model =
case msg of
Increment ->
(model | count = model.count + 1, updateTime = time, Cmd.none)
Decrement ->
(model | count = model.count - 1, updateTime = time, Cmd.none)
modelView model =
div []
[ button [ onClick Decrement ] [ text "-" ]
, div [] [ text (toString model.count) ]
, button [ onClick Increment ] [ text "+" ]
, div [] [ text (toString model.updateTime) ]
]
【讨论】:
出色的工作!我已经将该示例改编为使用 Elm 0.18,这是一个要点:gist.github.com/r-k-b/e589b02d68cab07af63347507c8d0a2d【参考方案2】:我发现我认为比公认的答案更优雅的解决方案。 GetTimeAndThen
消息没有两个单独的模型,而是包含一个返回消息的处理程序。代码感觉更自然,更像榆树,并且可以以更一般的方式使用:
module Main exposing (..)
import Html exposing (div, button, text)
import Html.App as App
import Html.Events exposing (onClick)
import Task
import Time exposing (Time)
main =
App.program
init = ( Model 0 0, Cmd.none )
, view = view
, update = update
, subscriptions = (\_ -> Sub.none)
view model =
div []
[ button [ onClick decrement ] [ text "-" ]
, div [] [ text (toString model) ]
, button [ onClick increment ] [ text "+" ]
]
increment =
GetTimeAndThen (\time -> Increment time)
decrement =
GetTimeAndThen (\time -> Decrement time)
type Msg
= Increment Time
| Decrement Time
| GetTimeAndThen (Time -> Msg)
type alias Model =
count : Int, updateTime : Time
update : Msg -> Model -> ( Model, Cmd Msg )
update msg model =
case msg of
GetTimeAndThen successHandler ->
( model, (Task.perform assertNeverHandler successHandler Time.now) )
Increment time ->
( model | count = model.count + 1, updateTime = time , Cmd.none )
Decrement time ->
( model | count = model.count - 1, updateTime = time , Cmd.none )
assertNeverHandler : a -> b
assertNeverHandler =
(\_ -> Debug.crash "This should never happen")
【讨论】:
我只是重构了一些代码来使用这种风格并且更喜欢它。设置为接受的答案。 虽然我真的很喜欢这个答案,但我会取消选择它作为正确答案。原因是,如果应用程序的模型和消息是可序列化的,则可以记录和回放应用程序的历史(对于时间旅行调试器很重要)。函数不可序列化,因此在模型中包含函数或动作不能与时间旅行调试器一起使用。 这是一个有趣的想法,也是我从未考虑过的。我应该注意到there currently is no time-traveling debugger in Elm,尽管它最终会回来。 是的,另一个原因是 Elm 的维护者 Evan Czaplicki 说“Elm 架构的核心规则之一是永远不要将函数放入模型或 Msg 类型中。”。我猜他这么说是因为他对 Elm 的计划有远见。见这里:package.elm-lang.org/packages/evancz/elm-sortable-table/latest【参考方案3】:elm-0.18 完整示例https://runelm.io/c/72i
import Time exposing (Time)
import Html exposing (..)
import Html.Events exposing (onClick)
import Task
type Msg
= GetTime
| NewTime Time
type alias Model =
currentTime : Maybe Time
view : Model -> Html Msg
view model =
let
currentTime =
case model.currentTime of
Nothing ->
text ""
Just theTime ->
text <| toString theTime
in
div []
[ button [ onClick GetTime ] [ text "get time" ]
, currentTime
]
update : Msg -> Model -> ( Model, Cmd Msg )
update msg model =
case msg of
GetTime ->
model ! [ Task.perform NewTime Time.now ]
NewTime time ->
model | currentTime = Just time ! []
main : Program Never Model Msg
main =
program
init = init
, update = update
, view = view
, subscriptions = always Sub.none
init : ( Model, Cmd Msg )
init =
currentTime = Nothing ! []
基于来自http://package.elm-lang.org/packages/elm-lang/core/latest/Task#perform 的示例
https://github.com/knewter/elm-date-playground
https://becoming-functional.com/tasks-in-elm-0-18-2b64a35fd82e
【讨论】:
【参考方案4】:在 Slack 上讨论了这个问题之后,这里是 Msg
中没有函数的替代实现。与接受的答案一样,模型仅在 Time.now
Task
成功时更新。
import Html exposing (div, button, text)
import Html.App as App
import Html.Events exposing (onClick)
import Task
import Time exposing (Time)
main =
App.program
init = init
, view = view
, update = update
, subscriptions = (\_ -> Sub.none)
view model =
div []
[ button [ onClick Decrement ] [ text "-" ]
, div [] [ text (toString model) ]
, button [ onClick Increment ] [ text "+" ]
]
type Msg
= NoOp
| Increment
| Decrement
| GetTimeSuccess Msg Time
| GetTimeFailure String
type alias Model =
count : Int, updateTime : Result String Time
init : (Model , Cmd Msg)
init =
( count = 0
, updateTime = Err "No time yet!"
, Task.perform GetTimeFailure (GetTimeSuccess NoOp) Time.now
)
update : Msg -> Model -> ( Model, Cmd Msg )
update msg model =
case msg of
NoOp -> (model, Cmd.none)
Increment ->
( model
, Task.perform GetTimeFailure (GetTimeSuccess Increment) Time.now
)
Decrement ->
( model
, Task.perform GetTimeFailure (GetTimeSuccess Decrement) Time.now
)
GetTimeSuccess Increment time ->
( model | count = model.count + 1, updateTime = Ok time
, Cmd.none
)
GetTimeSuccess Decrement time ->
( model | count = model.count - 1, updateTime = Ok time
, Cmd.none
)
GetTimeSuccess _ time ->
( model | updateTime = Ok time
, Cmd.none
)
GetTimeFailure msg ->
( model | updateTime = Err msg
, Cmd.none
)
【讨论】:
这与@rofrol 的回答有何不同?【参考方案5】:我对自己的问题有一个答案(根据 amilner42 的建议)。我在我当前的代码中使用了这个解决方案。
我非常喜欢@w.brian 的解决方案,但消息中的函数会破坏调试器。 我喜欢@robertjlooby 的解决方案,这非常相似,尽管它取消了一个额外的类型,并且更新为 0.18。
update : Msg -> Model -> ( Model, Cmd Msg )
update msg model =
case msg of
NoOp ->
model ! []
TickThen msg ->
model ! [ Task.perform (Tock msg) Time.now ]
Tock msg time ->
updateTimeStampedModel msg model | time = time
otherMsg ->
update (TickThen msg) model
updateTimeStampedModel : Msg -> Model -> ( Model, Cmd Msg )
updateTimeStampedModel msg model =
case msg of
NoOp ->
update msg model
TickThen _ ->
update msg model
Tock _ _ ->
update msg model
-- ALL OTHER MESSAGES ARE HANDLED HERE, AND ARE CODED TO ASSUME model.time IS UP-TO-DATE.
【讨论】:
【参考方案6】:您可以创建一个 Native 模块,然后在 javascript 中公开一个从 Date.now()
获取时间的 timestamp
函数。
这大概是它的样子:
时间戳.elm
module Timestamp exposing (timestamp)
import Native.Timestamp
timestamp : () -> Int
timestamp a = Native.Timestamp.timestamp a
本机/Timestamp.js
var _YourRepoUserName$your_repo$Native_Timestamp = function()
return timestamp: function(a) return Date.now()
Main.elm
port module Main exposing (..)
import Timestamp exposing (timestamp)
然后你可以在 Elm 的任何地方使用 (timestamp ()
) 来获取当前时间戳作为 Int。
注意:我使用了timestamp : () -> Int
,因为否则我无法让它工作。 timestamp : Int
只是返回了首次加载的硬编码时间。
让我知道这是否可以改进。
【讨论】:
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