运行 Gradle JUnit 测试时出现“地址已在使用：绑定”异常
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【中文标题】运行 Gradle JUnit 测试时出现“地址已在使用：绑定”异常【英文标题】："Address already in use: bind" exception when running Gradle JUnit tests 【发布时间】：2015-07-26 06:19:55 【问题描述】：我将 Spring Boot 1.2.1.RELEASE、JUnit4 和 Gradle 2.1 用于 RESTful 服务，并尝试定义一个包含和/或覆盖仅在 JUnit 测试中使用的值的属性文件。 当作为 JUnit 测试调用时，所有测试都会毫无问题地执行。但是，当在 gradle“构建”或“测试”任务期间运行这些相同的测试时，它们会失败并出现异常“原因：java.lang.IllegalStateException：Tomcat 连接器处于失败状态”，根本原因是“java.net .BindException: 地址已在使用中：bind"。
有多个测试类需要应用程序上下文才能运行。
为了通过属性文件促进替代值，我已经包含了 TestPropertySource()
是否需要额外的 Gradle 配置才能完成这项工作？
ControllerTest 类
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = RESTAdapter.class)
@TestPropertySource(locations="classpath:application-junit.properties")
public class ControllerTest
@Value("$test.token")
private String token;
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext wac;
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Before
public void setup()
this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
public void TestMockMvc(String[] strings) throws Exception
mockMvc.perform(URL_all_paramters, strings)
.param(Constants.PARAM_TOKEN, token)
.accept(Constants.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
.andDo(print())
.andExpect(status().isOk())
.andExpect(content().contentType(Constants.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
.andExpect(content().json(strings[strings.length-1]));
application.properties (/src/main/resources)
logging.level.org.springframework.web=TRACE
server.port=4040
shape.file=./shape/tl_2014_34_tabblock10_county_muni.shp
application-junit.properties (/src/test/resources)
test.token=..dDKidjwel
build.gradle
buildscript
ext
springBootVersion = '1.2.1.RELEASE'
repositories
mavenCentral()
dependencies
classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:$springBootVersion")
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'idea'
apply plugin: 'spring-boot'
jar
baseName = 'RESTfulWebServiceAdapter'
version = '1.1.1-SNAPSHOT'
springBoot
mainClass = 'com.myapp.RESTAdapter'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
targetCompatibility = 1.8
repositories
maven url 'http://download.osgeo.org/webdav/geotools' //order important for jai lib
mavenCentral()
maven url 'https://repo.spring.io/libs-release'
dependencies
compile fileTree(dir: 'lib', include: '*.jar')
compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-actuator')
compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-ws')
compile('org.geotools:gt-shapefile:9.4')
compile('org.geotools:gt-data:9.4')
compile('org.geotools:gt-cql:9.4')
compile('commons-httpclient:commons-httpclient:3.1')
compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-loader')
compile('org.springframework:spring-aspects:4.1.6.RELEASE')
compile('org.aspectj:aspectjweaver:1.8.5')
testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-batch')
testCompile('org.skyscreamer:jsonassert:1.2.3')
testCompile('com.jayway.jsonpath:json-path')
eclipse
classpath
containers.remove('org.eclipse.jdt.launching.JRE_CONTAINER')
containers 'org.eclipse.jdt.launching.JRE_CONTAINER/org.eclipse.jdt.internal.debug.ui.launcher.StandardVMType/JavaSE-1.8'
task wrapper(type: Wrapper)
gradleVersion = '2.1'
sourceSets
main
resources
srcDir 'config'
堆栈跟踪：
2015-05-14 13:51:29.691 ERROR 5652 --- [ Test worker] o.a.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol : Failed to start end point associated with ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-10001"]
java.net.BindException: Address already in use: bind
at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind0(Native Method)
at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind(Net.java:436)
at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind(Net.java:428)
at sun.nio.ch.ServerSocketChannelImpl.bind(ServerSocketChannelImpl.java:214)
at sun.nio.ch.ServerSocketAdaptor.bind(ServerSocketAdaptor.java:74)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint.bind(NioEndpoint.java:343)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint.start(AbstractEndpoint.java:739)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start(AbstractProtocol.java:472)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol.start(Http11NioProtocol.java:81)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.startInternal(Connector.java:986)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.addConnector(StandardService.java:237)
at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer.addPreviouslyRemovedConnectors(TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer.java:186)
at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer.start(TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer.java:149)
at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.startEmbeddedServletContainer(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:288)
at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.finishRefresh(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:141)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:483)
at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.refresh(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:118)
at org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.EndpointWebMvcAutoConfiguration.createChildManagementContext(EndpointWebMvcAutoConfiguration.java:219)
at org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.EndpointWebMvcAutoConfiguration.afterSingletonsInstantiated(EndpointWebMvcAutoConfiguration.java:141)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:775)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:757)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:480)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:686)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:320)
at org.springframework.boot.test.SpringApplicationContextLoader.loadContext(SpringApplicationContextLoader.java:100)
at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:68)
at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:86)
at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:72)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:170)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:110)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:212)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:200)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:259)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:261)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:219)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:83)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:68)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:163)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecuter.runTestClass(JUnitTestClassExecuter.java:86)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecuter.execute(JUnitTestClassExecuter.java:49)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(JUnitTestClassProcessor.java:69)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:48)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:35)
at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ContextClassLoaderDispatch.dispatch(ContextClassLoaderDispatch.java:32)
at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ProxyDispatchAdapter$DispatchingInvocationHandler.invoke(ProxyDispatchAdapter.java:93)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy2.processTestClass(Unknown Source)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.processTestClass(TestWorker.java:105)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:35)
at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
at org.gradle.messaging.remote.internal.hub.MessageHub$Handler.run(MessageHub.java:355)
at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.DefaultExecutorFactory$StoppableExecutorImpl$1.run(DefaultExecutorFactory.java:64)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
2015-05-14 13:51:29.695 ERROR 5652 --- [ Test worker] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Failed to start connector [Connector[HTTP/1.1-10001]]
org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [Connector[HTTP/1.1-10001]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.addConnector(StandardService.java:237)
at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer.addPreviouslyRemovedConnectors(TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer.java:186)
at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer.start(TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer.java:149)
at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.startEmbeddedServletContainer(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:288)
at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.finishRefresh(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:141)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:483)
at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.refresh(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:118)
at org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.EndpointWebMvcAutoConfiguration.createChildManagementContext(EndpointWebMvcAutoConfiguration.java:219)
at org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.EndpointWebMvcAutoConfiguration.afterSingletonsInstantiated(EndpointWebMvcAutoConfiguration.java:141)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:775)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:757)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:480)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:686)
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:320)
at org.springframework.boot.test.SpringApplicationContextLoader.loadContext(SpringApplicationContextLoader.java:100)
at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:68)
at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:86)
at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:72)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:170)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:110)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:212)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:200)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:259)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:261)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:219)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:83)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:68)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:163)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecuter.runTestClass(JUnitTestClassExecuter.java:86)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassExecuter.execute(JUnitTestClassExecuter.java:49)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.junit.JUnitTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(JUnitTestClassProcessor.java:69)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.SuiteTestClassProcessor.processTestClass(SuiteTestClassProcessor.java:48)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:35)
at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ContextClassLoaderDispatch.dispatch(ContextClassLoaderDispatch.java:32)
at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ProxyDispatchAdapter$DispatchingInvocationHandler.invoke(ProxyDispatchAdapter.java:93)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy2.processTestClass(Unknown Source)
at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.testing.worker.TestWorker.processTestClass(TestWorker.java:105)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:35)
at org.gradle.messaging.dispatch.ReflectionDispatch.dispatch(ReflectionDispatch.java:24)
at org.gradle.messaging.remote.internal.hub.MessageHub$Handler.run(MessageHub.java:355)
at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.DefaultExecutorFactory$StoppableExecutorImpl$1.run(DefaultExecutorFactory.java:64)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: service.getName(): "Tomcat"; Protocol handler start failed
at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.startInternal(Connector.java:993)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
... 61 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.net.BindException: Address already in use: bind
at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind0(Native Method)
at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind(Net.java:436)
at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind(Net.java:428)
at sun.nio.ch.ServerSocketChannelImpl.bind(ServerSocketChannelImpl.java:214)
at sun.nio.ch.ServerSocketAdaptor.bind(ServerSocketAdaptor.java:74)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint.bind(NioEndpoint.java:343)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint.start(AbstractEndpoint.java:739)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start(AbstractProtocol.java:472)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol.start(Http11NioProtocol.java:81)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector.startInternal(Connector.java:986)
... 62 common frames omitted
【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】：Gradle 正在启动另一个嵌入式 Tomcat 服务器实例，导致绑定异常。将 -debug 标志添加到 Gradle 的执行中揭示了这一点。
Gradle 的测试，forEvery 属性，默认为 0（没有最大值）。它被描述为here
"在一个分叉测试中执行的最大测试类数 过程。达到此限制时，将重新启动分叉测试过程 到达。默认值为 0（没有最大值）。”
JUnit 测试是并行执行的，由于需要运行应用程序上下文的多个控制器测试，Tomcat 初始化时使用相同的端口。
可以将以下内容添加到 build.gradle 中，但会显着减慢测试速度：
build.gradle：
test
forkEvery = 1
相反，只需在备用属性文件中覆盖 Tomcat 服务器端口（如 here 所述），让 Tomcat 每次启动时都使用未使用的端口进行初始化。
应用程序-junit.properties：
server.port=0
【讨论】：
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