当我离开该方法时,来自静态向量的数据保持不变
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【中文标题】当我离开该方法时,来自静态向量的数据保持不变【英文标题】:Data from a static vector left unchanged when I leave the method 【发布时间】:2016-12-30 09:50:11 【问题描述】:这是我在学习 C++ 时想到的一个银行项目 在我学习继承和指针时一直在添加它。这 用户是可以创建新客户或流程的银行出纳员 现有客户的交易。
Customer
具有 Savings
和 Checking
类作为继承的私有字段
来自Account
。 Bank
类从其私有 static vector<Customer>
字段添加/获取客户。
意外的结果是在“process_transaction”方法中我可以获取 来自vector的客户并从其帐户中存款/取款,但是一旦我离开该方法并返回该方法,帐户数据从我初始化它们时起就没有改变。
需要帮助。这是对客户问题的参考吗?我应该什么时候回来 引用还是指针?
这里是代码。在驱动程序类中,我有一个创建客户的方法
/*
* Create customer from teller input then add the Customer
* to Bank's private static vector<Customer> field.
*/
int create_customer()
cout << "** Create New Customer **\n";
cout << "Customer Name: ";
string n = "";
cin >> n;
Customer* d = new Customer(n, gen_acct_number());
Customer c(*d);
// get opening balances
double open_ck = 0;
double open_sv = 0;
cout << "Opening Balance For Checking: ";
cin >> open_ck;
cout << "Opening Balance For Savings: ";
cin >> open_sv;
cout << "\n";
// create and set accounts
Checking ck(open_ck);
Savings sv(open_sv);
c.set_checking(ck);
c.set_savings(sv);
// add customer to bank
Bank b;
b.add_customer(c);
cout << "New Customer: " << c.get_name() << endl;
cout << "Account Number: " << c.get_acct_number() << endl;
cout << "\n";
return 0;
我在驱动程序类中有另一个方法来处理客户。有一次,我 保留此方法,客户的帐户不会更改,但可以使用其他方法。
/*
* Fetch customer by account number from Bank's private static
* vector<Customer> and perform transactions on Customer's accounts
* until teller has finished processing the customer.
*/
int process_customer()
cout << "** Process Transaction **\n";
cout << "Account Number: ";
int acctNum = 0;
cin >> acctNum;
cout << "\n";
// get customer
Bank b;
Customer c = b.get_customer(acctNum);
//if(c* == NULL)
// cout << "Error: Customer Not Found.\n";
// return 0;
//
bool flag = true;
while(flag)
cout << c.get_name() << " #" << c.get_acct_number() << ": ";
cout << "Select a transaction.\n";
cout << "1. Withdrawl\n";
cout << "2. Deposit\n";
cout << "3. Check Balance\n";
cout << "4. Quit\n";
cout << "> ";
int choice = 0;
cin >> choice;
cout << "\n";
double amt = 0;
int which = 0;
switch(choice)
case 1: // WITHDRAWL
cout << "Withdrawl From: \n";
cout << "1. Checking \n2. Savings \n";
cout << "> ";
cin >> which;
cout << "\n";
cout << "Amount: ";
cin >> amt;
cout << "\n";
if(which == 1)
cout << "Old Balance: " << c.get_checking().get_balance() << endl;
c.get_checking().withdrawl(amt);
cout << "New Balance: " << c.get_checking().get_balance() << endl;
cout << "\n";
else if (which == 2)
cout << "Old Balance: " << c.get_savings().get_balance() << endl;
c.get_savings().withdrawl(amt);
cout << "New Balance: " << c.get_savings().get_balance() << endl;
cout << "\n";
else
break;
break;
case 2: // DEPOSIT
cout << "Deposit Into: \n";
cout << "1. Checking \n2. Savings \n";
cout << "> ";
cin >> which;
cout << "\n";
cout << "Amount: ";
cin >> amt;
cout << "\n";
if(which == 1)
cout << "Old Balance: " << c.get_checking().get_balance() << endl;
c.get_checking().deposit(amt);
cout << "New Balance: " << c.get_checking().get_balance() << endl;
cout << "\n";
else if (which == 2)
cout << "Old Balance: " << c.get_savings().get_balance() << endl;
c.get_savings().deposit(amt);
cout << "New Balance: " << c.get_savings().get_balance() << endl;
cout << "\n";
else
break;
break;
case 3: // CHECK BALANCE
cout << "Checking " << c.get_checking().get_balance() << endl;
cout << "Savings " << c.get_savings().get_balance() << endl;
cout << "\n";
break;
default: // EXIT
flag = false;
break;
return 0;
银行类。
Bank::Bank()
Customer& Bank::get_customer(int acct_number)
for(unsigned i = 0; i < cus.size(); i++)
if(cus[i].get_acct_number() == acct_number)
return cus[i];
return cus[0];
void Bank::add_customer(Customer c)
cus.push_back(c);
/* Disabled. I want to pass an account to these methods.
*
* void Bank::deposit(double amt, Account& a)
* a.deposit(amt);
*
* void Bank::withdrawl(double amt, Account& a)
* a.withdrawl(amt);
*
* double Bank::check_balance( Account& a)
* return a.get_balance();
*
*/
vector<Customer> Bank::cus;
Bank.h
#ifndef BANK_H_
#define BANK_H_
#include "../include/Customer.h"
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class Bank
public:
Bank();
Customer& get_customer(int acct_number);
void add_customer(Customer c);
void deposit(double amt, Account& a);
void withdrawl(double amt, Account& a);
double check_balance( Account& a);
private:
static vector<Customer> cus;
;
#endif /* BANK_H_ */
【问题讨论】:
能看到cus
的声明吗? (这是所有客户的容器,因此使用正确的变量名)
vector<Customer> Bank::cus;
可能比您想象的要少 static
。虽然没有.h文件,但谁能确定。
与您当前问题无关的评论:不要使用double
(或其他浮点)类型作为金额(只要您不打算在实际应用中使用此代码,随意继续double
当然,只是不要让它溜进一些实际的生产)。
【参考方案1】:
这确实似乎是一个参考问题。在您的 process_customer
函数中,更改:
// get customer
Bank b;
Customer c = b.get_customer(acctNum);
到:
// get customer
Bank b;
Customer& c = b.get_customer(acctNum);
如果不进行此更改,您将复制客户,然后修改此副本,而不是修改原始客户。
【讨论】:
谢谢,我知道了。由于需要返回未找到客户的值,是否需要通过指针返回客户? 现在您似乎在找不到帐号时返回cus[0]
。因此,您确实需要返回一个指针,您只需检查您获得的客户是否是这个“默认客户 0”,例如通过在您的 process_customer
函数中查看他的帐号。如果您想通过nullptr
指示未找到的情况,那么是的,指针会更容易。
好的,使用指针。这是我的解决方案。我找到了一个匹配的客户并返回了&cus[i]
(未找到返回一个空指针),我用Customer* resultPointer = ...
得到了返回值,检查它不是空的,然后用Customer c = (*resultPointer);
转换回一个值
不要做最后一点 (Customer c = (*resultPointer)
),否则你又要重新修改副本了。要么始终坚持使用指针(这更有意义),要么(不那么明显,更奇怪),回到引用 Customer& c = (*resultPointer)
你是对的,现在它无法修改客户。我修好了它,它按我的预期工作。谢谢以上是关于当我离开该方法时,来自静态向量的数据保持不变的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章