与 Android 应用程序中的客户端证书的 HTTPS 连接

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【中文标题】与 Android 应用程序中的客户端证书的 HTTPS 连接【英文标题】:HTTPS connection with client certificate in an android app 【发布时间】:2011-12-04 15:01:12 【问题描述】:

我正在尝试用我正在编写的 android 应用程序中的 HTTPS 连接替换当前工作的 HTTP 连接。 HTTPS 连接的额外安全性是必要的,所以我不能忽略这一步。

我有以下几点:

    配置为建立 HTTPS 连接并需要客户端证书的服务器 此服务器具有由标准大型 CA 颁发的证书。简而言之,如果我通过 Android 中的浏览器访问此连接,它可以正常工作,因为设备信任库可以识别 CA。 (所以它不是自签名的) 本质上是自签名的客户端证书。 (由内部 CA 颁发) 加载此客户端证书并尝试连接到上述服务器的 Android 应用程序,但存在以下问题/属性: 当服务器配置为需要客户端证书时,客户端可以连接到服务器。基本上,如果我使用 SSLSocketFactory.getSocketFactory() 连接工作正常,但客户端证书是此应用程序规范的必需部分,所以: 当我尝试连接我的自定义SSLSocketFactory 时,客户端会产生javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException: No peer certificate 异常,但我不完全确定原因。在互联网上搜索了各种解决方案后,这个例外似乎有点模棱两可。

这是客户端的相关代码:

SSLSocketFactory socketFactory = null;

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) 
    loadCertificateData();


private void loadCertificateData() 
    try 
        File[] pfxFiles = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().listFiles(new FileFilter() 
            public boolean accept(File file) 
                if (file.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith("pfx")) 
                    return true;
                
                return false;
            
        );

        InputStream certificateStream = null;
        if (pfxFiles.length==1) 
            certificateStream = new FileInputStream(pfxFiles[0]);
        

        KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
        char[] password = "somePassword".toCharArray();
        keyStore.load(certificateStream, password);

        System.out.println("I have loaded [" + keyStore.size() + "] certificates");

        KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
        keyManagerFactory.init(keyStore, password);

        socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(keyStore);
     catch (Exceptions e) 
        // Actually a bunch of catch blocks here, but shortened!
    


private void someMethodInvokedToEstablishAHttpsConnection() 
    try 
        HttpParams standardParams = new BasicHttpParams();
        HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(standardParams, 5000);
        HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(standardParams, 30000);

        SchemeRegistry schRegistry = new SchemeRegistry();
        schRegistry.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80));
        schRegistry.register(new Scheme("https", socketFactory, 443));
        ClientConnectionManager connectionManager = new ThreadSafeClientConnManager(standardParams, schRegistry);

        HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(connectionManager, standardParams);
        HttpPost request = new HttpPost();
        request.setURI(new URI("https://TheUrlOfTheServerIWantToConnectTo));
        request.setEntity("Some set of data used by the server serialized into string format");
        HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
        resultData = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
     catch (Exception e) 
        // Catch some exceptions (Actually multiple catch blocks, shortened)
    

我已经验证了,是的,keyStore 确实加载了一个证书,并且对此很满意。

对于阅读有关 HTTPS/SSL 连接的内容,我有两种理论,但由于这确实是我的第一次尝试,我对解决这个问题真正需要什么感到有点困惑。

据我所知,第一种可能性是我需要使用设备的信任库配置此 SSLSocketFactory,其中包括所有标准的中间和端点证书颁发机构。也就是说,设备的默认值SSLSocketFactory.getSocketFactory() 将一组 CA 加载到工厂的信任库中,用于在服务器发送证书时信任服务器,这就是我的代码失败的原因,因为我没有正确地信任商店加载。如果这是真的,我最好如何加载这些数据?

第二种可能性是由于客户端证书是自签名的(或由内部证书颁发机构颁发的 - 如果我错了,请纠正我,但这些实际上等同于所有意图和这里的目的)。实际上,我缺少的是 this 信任库,基本上我需要为服务器提供一种方法来验证内部 CA 的证书,并验证这个内部 CA 实际上是 “值得信赖”。如果这是真的,我到底在寻找什么样的东西?我看到了一些对此的参考,这让我相信这可能是我的问题,如here,但我真的不确定。如果这确实是我的问题,我会向维护内部 CA 的人提出什么要求,然后我将如何将其添加到我的代码中以便我的 HTTPS 连接能够正常工作?

第三个,希望不太可能的解决方案是,我在这里的某些观点完全错误,错过了关键步骤,或者完全忽略了我目前不了解的 HTTPS/SSL 的一部分.如果是这种情况,请您给我一个方向,以便我可以去了解我需要学习的内容吗?

感谢阅读!

【问题讨论】:

您的服务器还需要验证您提到的客户端证书。如果您熟悉 WireShark,您可以检查 TLS 握手以了解服务器如何响应客户端证书 @jglouie 我不熟悉 WireShark,但听起来我应该熟悉。我去看看! 【参考方案1】:

有一种更简单的方法可以实现@jglouie 的解决方案。 基本上,如果您使用SSLContext 并使用null 作为信任管理器参数对其进行初始化,那么您应该使用默认信任管理器获取 SSL 上下文。请注意,这没有在 Android 文档中记录,但 Java documentation for SSLContext.init 说

前两个参数中的任何一个都可以为空,在这种情况下,将搜索已安装的安全提供程序以查找相应工厂的最高优先级实现。

代码如下所示:

// This can be any protocol supported by your target devices.
// For example "TLSv1.2" is supported by the latest versions of Android
final String SSL_PROTOCOL = "TLS";

try                
   sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance(SSL_PROTOCOL);

   // Initialize the context with your key manager and the default trust manager 
   // and randomness source
   sslContext.init(keyManagerFactory.getKeyManagers(), null, null);
 catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) 
   Log.e(TAG, "Specified SSL protocol not supported! Protocol=" + SSL_PROTOCOL);
   e.printStackTrace();
 catch (KeyManagementException e) 
   Log.e(TAG, "Error setting up the SSL context!");
   e.printStackTrace();


// Get the socket factory
socketFactory = sslContext.getSocketFactory();

【讨论】:

我记得两年前我在寻找解决方案时读过这篇文章。我很确定在 Android 的特殊风格下它在传递 null 时无法正常工作,但我同意它应该具有并且它是一个更好的解决方案。【参考方案2】:

我认为这确实是问题所在。

据我所知,第一种可能性是我需要 使用设备的信任库配置此 SSLSocketFactory 包括所有标准的中间证书和端点证书 当局

如果这是真的,我最好如何加载这些数据?

尝试这样的事情(你需要让你的套接字工厂使用这个默认的信任管理器):

X509TrustManager manager = null;
FileInputStream fs = null;

TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());

try

    fs = new FileInputStream(System.getProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore")); 
    keyStore.load(fs, null);

finally

    if (fs != null)  fs.close(); 


trustManagerFactory.init(keyStore);
TrustManager[] managers = trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers();

for (TrustManager tm : managers)

    if (tm instanceof X509TrustManager) 
    
        manager = (X509TrustManager) tm;
        break;
    

编辑:在使用此处的代码之前,请先查看 Pooks 的答案。听起来现在有更好的方法可以做到这一点。

【讨论】:

我没有添加socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(keyStore);,而是添加了您的代码(尽管我将您的KeyStore keyStore 重命名为KeyStore trustStore)并在loadCertificateData() 函数的末尾使用了以下代码:socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(keyStore, new String(password), trustStore); --效果很好,谢谢! 我不需要 foreach 循环来获取 TrustManager。为什么你认为这是必要的? (我想我通过将整个信任库交给 SSLSocketFactory 来规避这个问题?) @Kevek iam 还尝试了基于证书的身份验证。但我得到了“javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException:java.security.cert.CertPathValidatorException:找不到证书路径的信任锚。”例外..帮我解决它 ***.com/questions/12468526/… 似乎表明您没有找到信任库。是否有可能在您使用的任何类型的 Android 上,该位置都没有存储在 javax.net.ssl.trustStore 中?您在什么操作中收到此错误? 你好@Kevek 我需要实现你实现的同样的东西,我将客户端的证书和私钥加载到 KeyStore 并作为 SSLContext.init 函数的第一个参数传递,然后我将 SocketFactor 创建为sslContext.getSocketFactory()并将其设置为client2.setSslSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory()); 并且证书不会传递给服务器。这是因为我使用的是 getSocketFactory() 吗?你能分享你的 SSLSocketFactory 课程吗?【参考方案3】:

我试了几天 我终于得到答案了 所以我想在这里发布我的步骤和所有代码以帮助其他人。

1) 获取要连接站点的证书

echo | openssl s_client -connect $MY_SERVER:443 2>&1 |  sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' > mycert.pem

2) 要创建您的密钥,您需要 BouncyCastle 库,您可以下载 here

keytool -import -v -trustcacerts -alias 0 -file mycert.pem -keystore “store_directory/mykst“ -storetype BKS -provider org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider -providerpath “directory_of_bouncycastle/bcprov-jdk16-145.jar” -storepass mypassword

3) 检查是否创建了密钥

keytool -list -keystore "carpeta_almacen/mykst" -provider org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider -providerpath "directory_of_bouncycastle/bcprov-jdk16-145.jar" -storetype BKS -storepass mypassword

你应该看到这样的东西:

Tipo de almacén de claves:BKS Proveedor de almacén de claves: BC

Su almacén de claves contiene entrada 1

0, 07-dic-2011,trustedCertEntry,

Huella 数字证书 (MD5):

55:FD:E5:E3:8A:4C:D6:B8:69:EB:6A:49:05:5F:18:48

4)然后你需要将文件“mykst”复制到你的android项目中的目录“res/raw”中(如果不存在则创建它)。

5)在android清单中添加权限

  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

6) 这里是代码!

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_
    android:layout_
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="10dp" >

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_
        android:layout_
        android:text="Cargar contenido" />

    <RelativeLayout
        android:layout_
        android:layout_
        android:background="#4888ef">
        <ProgressBar
            android:id="@+id/loading"
            android:layout_
            android:layout_
            android:indeterminate="true"
            android:layout_centerInParent="true"
            android:visibility="gone"/>
        <ScrollView
            android:layout_
            android:layout_
            android:fillViewport="true"
            android:padding="10dp">
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/output"
                android:layout_
                android:layout_
                android:textColor="#FFFFFF"/>
        </ScrollView>
    </RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>

MyHttpClient

package com.example.https;


import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Enumeration;

import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.PlainSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.SingleClientConnManager;

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Build;

import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;

public class MyHttpClient extends DefaultHttpClient 

    final Context context;

    public MyHttpClient(Context context) 
        this.context = context;
    

    @Override
    protected ClientConnectionManager createClientConnectionManager() 
        SchemeRegistry registry = new SchemeRegistry();
        registry.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory.getSocketFactory(), 80));
        // Register for port 443 our SSLSocketFactory with our keystore
        // to the ConnectionManager
        registry.register(new Scheme("https", newSslSocketFactory(), 443));
        return new SingleClientConnManager(getParams(), registry);
    

    private SSLSocketFactory newSslSocketFactory() 
        try 
            // Trust manager / truststore
            KeyStore trustStore=KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());

            // If we're on an OS version prior to Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0) then use the standard way to get the system
            //   trustStore -- System.getProperty() else we need to use the special name to get the trustStore KeyStore
            //   instance as they changed their trustStore implementation.
            if (Build.VERSION.RELEASE.compareTo("4.0") < 0) 
                TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory=TrustManagerFactory
                        .getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
                FileInputStream trustStoreStream=new FileInputStream(System.getProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore"));
                trustStore.load(trustStoreStream, null);
                trustManagerFactory.init(trustStore);
                trustStoreStream.close();
             else 
                trustStore=KeyStore.getInstance("AndroidCAStore");
            

            InputStream certificateStream = context.getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.mykst);
            KeyStore keyStore=KeyStore.getInstance("BKS");
            try 
                keyStore.load(certificateStream, "mypassword".toCharArray());
                Enumeration<String> aliases=keyStore.aliases();
                while (aliases.hasMoreElements()) 
                    String alias=aliases.nextElement();
                    if (keyStore.getCertificate(alias).getType().equals("X.509")) 
                        X509Certificate cert=(X509Certificate)keyStore.getCertificate(alias);
                        if (new Date().after(cert.getNotAfter())) 
                            // This certificate has expired
                            return null;
                        
                    
                
             catch (IOException ioe) 
                // This occurs when there is an incorrect password for the certificate
                return null;
             finally 
                certificateStream.close();
            

            KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory=KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
            keyManagerFactory.init(keyStore, "mypassword".toCharArray());

            return new SSLSocketFactory(keyStore, "mypassword", trustStore);
         catch (Exception e) 
            throw new AssertionError(e);
        
    

MainActivity

package com.example.https;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.io.Writer;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;

public class MainActivity extends Activity 

    private View loading;
    private TextView output;
    private Button button;

    SSLSocketFactory socketFactory = null;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) 
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        loading = findViewById(R.id.loading);
        output = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.output);
        button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() 
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) 
                new CargaAsyncTask().execute(new Void[0]);
            
        );
    

    class CargaAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, String> 

        @Override
        protected void onPreExecute() 
            super.onPreExecute();
            loading.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            button.setEnabled(false);
        

        @Override
        protected String doInBackground(Void... params) 
            // Instantiate the custom HttpClient
            DefaultHttpClient client = new MyHttpClient(getApplicationContext());
            HttpGet get = new HttpGet("https://www.google.com");
            // Execute the GET call and obtain the response
            HttpResponse getResponse;
            String resultado = null;
            try 
                getResponse = client.execute(get);
                HttpEntity responseEntity = getResponse.getEntity();
                InputStream is = responseEntity.getContent();
                resultado = convertStreamToString(is);
             catch (ClientProtocolException e) 
                e.printStackTrace();
             catch (IOException e) 
                e.printStackTrace();
            
            return resultado;
        

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(String result) 
            super.onPostExecute(result);
            loading.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            button.setEnabled(true);
            if (result == null) 
                output.setText("Error");
             else 
                output.setText(result);
            
        

    

    public static String convertStreamToString(InputStream is) throws IOException 
        /*
         * To convert the InputStream to String we use the
         * Reader.read(char[] buffer) method. We iterate until the
         * Reader return -1 which means there's no more data to
         * read. We use the StringWriter class to produce the string.
         */
        if (is != null) 
            Writer writer = new StringWriter();

            char[] buffer = new char[1024];
            try 
                Reader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
                int n;
                while ((n = reader.read(buffer)) != -1) 
                    writer.write(buffer, 0, n);
                
             finally 
                is.close();
            
            return writer.toString();
         else 
            return "";
        
    

我希望它对其他人有用! 尽情享受吧!

【讨论】:

为了使用自签名证书。首先,您必须创建自己的 CA (g-loaded.eu/2005/11/10/be-your-own-ca),然后签署证书并将其使用到您的服务器中,然后将 CA 安装到您的手机 (jethrocarr.com/2012/01/04/custom-ca-certificates-and-android) 中,它应该可以工作【参考方案4】:

看来您还需要为 SSLSocketFactory 设置主机名。

尝试添加行

socketFactory.setHostnameVerifier(SSLSocketFactory.STRICT_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);

在与您的SSLFactory 建立新连接之前。

除了结构上的不同,我们还有类似的代码。在我的实现中,我刚刚创建了自己的 DefaultHttpClient 扩展,它看起来类似于上面的大部分代码。如果这不能解决问题,我可以为此发布工作代码,您可以尝试这种方法。

编辑:这是我的工作版本

    public class ActivateHttpClient extends DefaultHttpClient  
    final Context context;


    /**
     * Public constructor taking two arguments for ActivateHttpClient.
     * @param context - Context referencing the calling Activity, for creation of
     * the socket factory.
     * @param params - HttpParams passed to this, specifically to set timeouts on the
     * connection.
     */
    public ActivateHttpClient(Context context, HttpParams params) 
        this.setParams(params);
    


    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient#createClientConnectionManager()
     * Create references for both http and https schemes, allowing us to attach our custom
     * SSLSocketFactory to either
     */
    @Override
    protected ClientConnectionManager createClientConnectionManager() 
        SchemeRegistry registry = new SchemeRegistry();
        registry.register(new Scheme("http", PlainSocketFactory
                .getSocketFactory(), 80));
        registry.register(new Scheme("https", newSslSocketFactory(), 443));
        return new SingleClientConnManager(getParams(), registry);
    

    /**
     * Creation of new SSLSocketFactory, which imports a certificate from
     * a server which self-signs its own certificate.
     * @return
     */
    protected SSLSocketFactory newSslSocketFactory() 
        try 

            //Keystore must be in BKS (Bouncy Castle Keystore)
            KeyStore trusted = KeyStore.getInstance("BKS");

            //Reference to the Keystore
            InputStream in = context.getResources().openRawResource(
                    R.raw.cert);

            //Password to the keystore
            try 
                trusted.load(in, PASSWORD_HERE.toCharArray());
             finally 
                in.close();
            

            // Pass the keystore to the SSLSocketFactory. The factory is
            // responsible
            // for the verification of the server certificate.
            SSLSocketFactory sf = new SSLSocketFactory(trusted);

            // Hostname verification from certificate
            // http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-ga/tutorial/html/connmgmt.html#d4e506
            sf.setHostnameVerifier(SSLSocketFactory.STRICT_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
            return sf;

            // return new SSLSocketFactory(trusted);
         catch (Exception e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new AssertionError(e);
        
    


并且可以如图所示调用:

HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();

    // Set the timeout in milliseconds until a connection is established.
    int timeoutConnection = 500;
    HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout( params , timeoutConnection );

    // Set the default socket timeout (SO_TIMEOUT)
    // in milliseconds which is the timeout for waiting for data.
    int timeoutSocket = 1000;
    HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout( params , timeoutSocket );
            //ADD more connection options here!

    String url =
            "https:// URL STRING HERE";
    HttpGet get = new HttpGet( url );

    ActivateHttpClient client =
            new ActivateHttpClient( this.context, params );



    // Try to execute the HttpGet, throwing errors
    // if no response is received, or if there is
    // an error in the execution.
    HTTPResponse response = client.execute( get );

【讨论】:

我尝试了这个,在我的代码中添加了您在创建 SSLSocketFactory 后提到的行:socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(keyStore);。然而,这似乎并没有改变任何东西。当我尝试调用 client.execute(request) 时,我仍然收到“SSLPeerUnverifiedException: No Peer Certificate”错误【参考方案5】:

我发布了一个更新的答案,因为人们仍然参考这个问题并对此问题进行投票。我不得不多次更改套接字工厂代码,因为自 Android 4.0 以来有些事情发生了变化

// Trust manager / truststore
KeyStore trustStore=KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());

// If we're on an OS version prior to Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0) then use the standard way to get the system
//   trustStore -- System.getProperty() else we need to use the special name to get the trustStore KeyStore
//   instance as they changed their trustStore implementation.
if (Build.VERSION.RELEASE.compareTo("4.0") < 0) 
    TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory=TrustManagerFactory
        .getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
    FileInputStream trustStoreStream=new FileInputStream(System.getProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore"));
    trustStore.load(trustStoreStream, null);
    trustManagerFactory.init(trustStore);
    trustStoreStream.close();
 else 
    trustStore=KeyStore.getInstance("AndroidCAStore");


InputStream certificateStream=new FileInputStream(userCertFile);
KeyStore keyStore=KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
try 
    keyStore.load(certificateStream, certPass.toCharArray());
    Enumeration<String> aliases=keyStore.aliases();
    while (aliases.hasMoreElements()) 
        String alias=aliases.nextElement();
        if (keyStore.getCertificate(alias).getType().equals("X.509")) 
            X509Certificate cert=(X509Certificate)keyStore.getCertificate(alias);
            if (new Date().after(cert.getNotAfter())) 
                // This certificate has expired
                return;
            
        
    
 catch (IOException ioe) 
    // This occurs when there is an incorrect password for the certificate
    return;
 finally 
    certificateStream.close();


KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory=KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
keyManagerFactory.init(keyStore, certPass.toCharArray());

socketFactory=new SSLSocketFactory(keyStore, certPass, trustStore);

希望这对将来仍然来这里的人有所帮助。

【讨论】:

感谢您的信息,但我认为这是很长的路要走,因为我在没有 trustKeyStore 的情况下通过调用 SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); sslContext.init(kmf.getKeyManagers(), null, null);client.setSslSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory()); (我的问题是我加载了错误的私钥到密钥库。)

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