如何在 android 中使用 dagger 对 kotlin 文件进行 UI 测试？

Posted 2023-02-24

【中文标题】如何在 android 中使用 dagger 对 kotlin 文件进行 UI 测试？

【英文标题】：How to do UI testing for kotlin file with dagger in android?

【发布时间】：2018-12-21 06:22:03

【问题描述】：

下面是我的堆栈跟踪，我已经浏览了所有关于 SO 的问题和答案，但找不到任何解决方案

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not initialize plugin: interface 
org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker (alternate: null)
at org.mockito.internal.configuration.plugins.PluginLoader$1.invoke(PluginLoader.java:74)
at java.lang.reflect.Proxy.invoke(Proxy.java:1006)
at $Proxy6.isTypeMockable(Unknown Source)
at org.mockito.internal.util.MockUtil.typeMockabilityOf(MockUtil.java:29)
at org.mockito.internal.util.MockCreationValidator.validateType(MockCreationValidator.java:22)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.MockSettingsImpl.validatedSettings(MockSettingsImpl.java:232)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.MockSettingsImpl.build(MockSettingsImpl.java:226)
at org.mockito.internal.MockitoCore.mock(MockitoCore.java:64)
at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1871)
at org.mockito.Mockito.mock(Mockito.java:1780)
at SplashActivityTest.init(SplashActivityTest.kt:126)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
at org.junit.rules.TestWatcher$1.evaluate(TestWatcher.java:55)
at org.junit.rules.RunRules.evaluate(RunRules.java:20)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Failed resolution of: Lnet/bytebuddy/dynamic/loading/ClassInjector$UsingReflection;
at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.SubclassInjectionLoader.<init>(SubclassInjectionLoader.java:28)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.SubclassByteBuddyMockMaker.<init>(SubclassByteBuddyMockMaker.java:33)
at org.mockito.internal.creation.bytebuddy.ByteBuddyMockMaker.<init>(ByteBuddyMockMaker.java:21)
at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Native Method)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "net.bytebuddy.dynamic.loading.ClassInjector$UsingReflection" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/system/framework/android.test.runner.jar", zip file "/system/framework/android.test.mock.jar", zip file "/data/app/com.test-Ceb6_iDz-8wl1a3HhgqEEg==/base.apk", zip file "/data/app/YwRi3yxfA1u5ckInmXjV-A==/base.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app/test-Ceb6_iDz-8wl1a3HhgqEEg==/lib/x86, /data/app/YwRi3yxfA1u5ckInmXjV-A==/lib/x86, /system/lib]]
at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:134)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:379)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:312)

下面是我的 splashActivityTest，

import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import androidx.test.espresso.Espresso.onView
import androidx.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches
import androidx.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.isDisplayed
import androidx.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId
import androidx.test.filters.LargeTest
import androidx.test.rule.ActivityTestRule
import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
import org.hamcrest.Description
import org.hamcrest.Matcher
import org.hamcrest.Matchers.allOf
import org.hamcrest.TypeSafeMatcher
import org.hamcrest.core.IsInstanceOf
import org.junit.Before
import org.junit.Rule
import org.junit.Test
import org.junit.runner.RunWith

@LargeTest
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class SplashActivityTest 

@Rule
@JvmField
var mActivityTestRule = ActivityTestRule(SplashActivity::class.java)
@Rule
@JvmField
val executorRule = TaskExecutorWithIdlingResourceRule()
@Rule
@JvmField
val countingAppExecutors = CountingAppExecutorsRule()
@Rule
@JvmField
val dataBindingIdlingResourceRule = DataBindingIdlingResourceRule(mActivityTestRule)

private lateinit var prefUtils: PrefUtils
private lateinit var navigationController: NavigationController

@Before
fun init() 
    prefUtils = mock()
    navigationController = mock()


@Test
fun splashActivityTest() 
    // Added a sleep statement to match the app's execution delay.
    // The recommended way to handle such scenarios is to use Espresso idling resources:
    // https://google.github.io/android-testing-support-library/docs/espresso/idling-resource/index.html
    Thread.sleep(2000)

    val imageView = onView(
        allOf(
            withId(R.id.logo),
            childAtPosition(
                childAtPosition(
                    IsInstanceOf.instanceOf(android.widget.FrameLayout::class.java),
                    0
                ),
                0
            ),
            isDisplayed()
        )
    )
    imageView.check(matches(isDisplayed()))

    val frameLayout = onView(
        allOf(
            childAtPosition(
                childAtPosition(
                    withId(android.R.id.content),
                    0
                ),
                0
            ),
            isDisplayed()
        )
    )
    frameLayout.check(matches(isDisplayed()))

    val frameLayout2 = onView(
        allOf(
            childAtPosition(
                childAtPosition(
                    withId(android.R.id.content),
                    0
                ),
                0
            ),
            isDisplayed()
        )
    )
    frameLayout2.check(matches(isDisplayed()))


private fun childAtPosition(
    parentMatcher: Matcher<View>, position: Int
): Matcher<View> 

    return object : TypeSafeMatcher<View>() 
        override fun describeTo(description: Description) 
            description.appendText("Child at position $position in parent ")
            parentMatcher.describeTo(description)
        

        public override fun matchesSafely(view: View): Boolean 
            val parent = view.parent
            return parent is ViewGroup && parentMatcher.matches(parent)
                    && view == parent.getChildAt(position)
        
    
  

实际的 SplashActivity

@OpenForTesting
class SplashActivity : BaseActivity() 

/**
 * Returns layout file ID
 * */
override fun layoutId() = R.layout.activity_splash

/**
 * this method gets called when this activity gets created
 * all tasks those need to be executed when this activity get created
 * */
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) 
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    /**
     * TO Load Gif in #ImageView
     */
    Glide.with(this).load(R.raw.new_loading_logo).into(logo)
    /**
     * Handles Timer of 2000 millSeconds to open another Activity
     * prefUtils.isUserLogin() == true -> Opens DashBoard as User is already Logged In
     * else -> Opens Log In Page
     */
    //*while UI test runs, Here when prefUtils.isUserLogin() gets executed See error log below*
    Handler().postDelayed(
        if (prefUtils.isUserLogin())
            navigationController.navigateToDashBoard(this)
        else
            navigationController.navigateToLogin(this)
        finish()
    , 2000)
  

此 Activity 扩展了 BaseActivity，它具有以下行，因此在启动启动后，我的测试失败并且统计数据未初始化 lateinit var prefUtils，现在为此我使用了模拟但仍然得到 java.lang.IllegalStateException：无法初始化插件：接口 org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker（替代：null）。

@Inject
lateinit var navigationController: NavigationController
@Inject
lateinit var prefUtils: PrefUtils
@Inject
lateinit var viewModelFactory: ViewModelProvider.Factory

我添加了如下依赖，

testImplementation "junit:junit:$junitVersion"
testImplementation "org.mockito:mockito-core:$mockito"
testImplementation "org.mockito:mockito-inline:$mockito"

当我不模拟任何东西时会发生以下错误，

kotlin.UninitializedPropertyAccessException: lateinit property prefUtils has not been initialized
at BaseActivity.getPrefUtils(BaseActivity.kt:41)
at SplashActivity$onCreate$1.run(SplashActivity.kt:38)
at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:873)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:193)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6669)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:493)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:858)

Test running failed: Instrumentation run failed due to 'Process crashed.'

因为 baseActivity 有以下行 @注入 lateinit var prefUtils: PrefUtils 因此，为了解决这个错误，我使用了 Mock

现在我也尝试过 power mock 但它在编译时失败了！！，它指出

Unresolved reference: powermock

在下一行

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner::class)

【问题讨论】：

但是你为什么要在你的 UI 测试中模拟一些东西呢？

@rom4ek 查看更新的问题，因为我不知道模拟是解决方案，但应该做些什么才能使测试成功运行！

【参考方案1】：

这里 SplashActivity 继承了 BaseActivity 因此每当测试运行时，注入的变量仍然未初始化以进行测试，因此我通过更改以下行找到了解决方案

@Rule
@JvmField
var mActivityTestRule = ActivityTestRule(SplashActivity::class.java)

到

@Rule
@JvmField
var mActivityTestRule = ActivityTestRule(FakeLogInActivity::class.java)

下面是 FakeLogInActivity::class.java 的代码

import android.os.Bundle
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import com.sextpanther.sp.R

/**
* Used for testing fragments inside a fake activity.
*/
class FakeLogInActivity : AppCompatActivity() 
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) 
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_login)
  

现在测试运行成功，但只有带有文本的小吃栏视图匹配器测试失败。