使用 Mailchimp 的 API v3 将订阅者添加到列表

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【中文标题】使用 Mailchimp 的 API v3 将订阅者添加到列表【英文标题】:Adding subscribers to a list using Mailchimp's API v3 【发布时间】:2015-08-09 12:15:01 【问题描述】:

我正在尝试将用户添加到我在 Mailchimp 中创建的列表中,但我在任何地方都找不到任何代码示例。我已经尝试弄清楚如何使用 API,但我是一个非常喜欢“看例子然后学习”的人。

我已尝试使用 API 的第 2 版,但尽管从网上的示例开始工作,但似乎没有任何效果,Mailchimp 在其网站上对早期版本的 API 进行了以下说明:

2.0 及更早版本已弃用。这些版本仅提供最低限度的支持(错误修复、安全补丁)。

更新 1:我根据 TooMuchPete 的 answer 对管理订阅者的链接做了一些进一步的研究,并更改了我找到的一些代码 here,但它不起作用,因为函数http_build_query() 不处理嵌套数组。我不确定如何处理添加订阅者的“merge_fields”部分。我当前的代码如下:

$postdata = http_build_query(
                    array(
                        'apikey'        => $apikey,
                        'email_address' => $email,
                        'status'        => 'subscribed',
                        'merge_fields'  => array(
                            'FNAME' => $name
                        )
                    )
                );

                $opts = array('http' =>
                    array(
                        'method'  => 'POST',
                        'header'  => 'Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
                        'content' => $postdata
                    )
                );

                $context  = stream_context_create($opts);

                $result = file_get_contents('https://us2.api.mailchimp.com/3.0/lists/<list_id>/members/', false, $context);

                var_dump($result);
                die('Mailchimp executed');

更新 2:我现在求助于使用 curl 并且我已经设法得到了一些几乎可以工作的东西。数据发送到 Mailchimp,但我收到错误 “您的请求不包含 API 密钥。” 我猜我需要按照 @987654324 所述进行身份验证@。我已经尝试将它添加到没有工作的 http 标头中。请参阅下面的代码:

$apikey = '<api_key>';
                $auth = base64_encode( 'user:'.$apikey );

                $data = array(
                    'apikey'        => $apikey,
                    'email_address' => $email,
                    'status'        => 'subscribed',
                    'merge_fields'  => array(
                        'FNAME' => $name
                    )
                );
                $json_data = json_encode($data);

                $ch = curl_init();
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'https://us2.api.mailchimp.com/3.0/lists/<list_id>/members/');
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Content-Type: application/json/r/n
                                                            Authorization: Basic '.$auth));
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, 'php-MCAPI/2.0');
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 10);
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true);
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false);
                curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $json_data);                                                                                                                  

                $result = curl_exec($ch);

                var_dump($result);
                die('Mailchimp executed');

【问题讨论】:

v2.0 仍然可以正常工作。实际上,v1.3 也是如此——但如果您正在寻找 API v3.0 示例,我会查看 GitHub repo。它现在只有 Python,但这可能足以让你在你的语言中指出正确的方向。 managing subscribers 上的文档中还有一个页面,它与实际代码示例相距甚远,但可能仍然有帮助。 谢谢@TooMuchPete。我用代码示例更新了我的问题。我想我正在慢慢到达那里。 我正在寻找 Python 中的 API v3.0 示例,而不仅仅是基本的获取请求。 GitHub 存储库中的示例很糟糕,抱歉。 GET 请求和 POST 请求没有本质区别。一个有身体,一个没有。结合Python Requests 文档,我不确定其他人还需要什么才能开始。不过,这些示例绝对不适合寻找复制和粘贴解决方案或库的人。 MailChimp 目前表示他们不会支持 2016 年以后的 3.0 之前的版本。 【参考方案1】:

基于List Members Instance docs,最简单的方法是使用 PUT 请求,根据文档,“添加新的列表成员或更新成员,如果电子邮件列表中已存在”

此外,apikey 绝对不是json schema 的一部分,将其包含在您的 json 请求中是没有意义的。

此外,正如@TooMuchPete 的评论中所述,您可以使用CURLOPT_USERPWD 进行基本http 身份验证,如下所示。

我正在使用以下函数来添加和更新列表成员。您可能需要包含一组略有不同的merge_fields,具体取决于您的列表参数。

$data = [
    'email'     => 'johndoe@example.com',
    'status'    => 'subscribed',
    'firstname' => 'john',
    'lastname'  => 'doe'
];

syncMailchimp($data);

function syncMailchimp($data) 
    $apiKey = 'your api key';
    $listId = 'your list id';

    $memberId = md5(strtolower($data['email']));
    $dataCenter = substr($apiKey,strpos($apiKey,'-')+1);
    $url = 'https://' . $dataCenter . '.api.mailchimp.com/3.0/lists/' . $listId . '/members/' . $memberId;

    $json = json_encode([
        'email_address' => $data['email'],
        'status'        => $data['status'], // "subscribed","unsubscribed","cleaned","pending"
        'merge_fields'  => [
            'FNAME'     => $data['firstname'],
            'LNAME'     => $data['lastname']
        ]
    ]);

    $ch = curl_init($url);

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERPWD, 'user:' . $apiKey);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, ['Content-Type: application/json']);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 10);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, 'PUT');
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false);
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $json);                                                                                                                 

    $result = curl_exec($ch);
    $httpCode = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE);
    curl_close($ch);

    return $httpCode;

【讨论】:

感谢@billynoah。我只是接受了我自己的答案,因为这是我设法得到的,没有其他人提供了一个有效的例子。 好吧,您仍然可以使用POST,但在不同的端点上(没有 ID)。来自 API 文档:Create a new record with either a POST request to /lists/list_id/members or a PUT request to /lists/list_id/members/id. Remove a record with a DELETE request to /lists/list_id/members/id. @ToniMichelCaubet - 据我所知,文档没有提供任何方法来一次更新或添加多个成员。我认为您必须为每个要添加/编辑的成员发送一个请求。 如果您收到 404(找不到请求的资源),您可能使用了错误的列表 ID(请记住,它不是浏览器 url 中的 ID,而是包含字母和数字)。如果你得到一个 400,你应该检查你的数据数组。也许状态字段不包含字符串? 如果您不更改“johndoe”邮件,您也会收到 400 错误。【参考方案2】:

我让它工作了。我错误地将身份验证添加到标头:

$apikey = '<api_key>';
            $auth = base64_encode( 'user:'.$apikey );

            $data = array(
                'apikey'        => $apikey,
                'email_address' => $email,
                'status'        => 'subscribed',
                'merge_fields'  => array(
                    'FNAME' => $name
                )
            );
            $json_data = json_encode($data);

            $ch = curl_init();
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, 'https://us2.api.mailchimp.com/3.0/lists/<list_id>/members/');
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Content-Type: application/json',
                                                        'Authorization: Basic '.$auth));
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, 'PHP-MCAPI/2.0');
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 10);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false);
            curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $json_data);                                                                                                                  

            $result = curl_exec($ch);

            var_dump($result);
            die('Mailchimp executed');

【讨论】:

酷!您也可以像这样进行身份验证:url_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERPWD, "user:" . $apikey); base64_encode 吗? Mailchimp 要求对其进行编码。 MailChimp API v3.0 使用 HTTP 基本身份验证,这就是 cURLl 选项所做的。 Base64 编码只是基本身份验证的一部分。 我已经使用了提供的代码但仍然没有运气,我总是收到“找不到资源”错误。任何人都可以做到这一点? 如果有人无法让@VenomRush 代码按原样工作,则可能需要为您的帐户调整数据中心(由 CURLOPT_URL 行中的 us2 指示)。您可以通过查看 API 密钥的最后一部分来获取您帐户的数据中心。更多信息:developer.mailchimp.com/documentation/mailchimp/guides/…【参考方案3】:

这些都是很好的答案,但与如何获取表单来发送数据和处理该响应的完整答案无关。这将演示如何通过 jquery .ajax()html 页面使用 API 的 v3.0 将成员添加到列表中。

在 Mailchimp 中:

    获取您的API Key 和List ID 确保设置了列表以及要使用的自定义字段。在这种情况下,我在调用 API 之前已将 zipcode 设置为列表中的自定义字段。 查看API docs,了解将成员添加到列表。我们正在使用 create 方法,该方法需要使用 HTTP POST 请求。如果您希望能够修改/删除订阅,这里还有其他选项需要 PUT

HTML:

<form id="pfb-signup-submission" method="post">
  <div class="sign-up-group">
    <input type="text" name="pfb-signup" id="pfb-signup-box-fname" class="pfb-signup-box" placeholder="First Name">
    <input type="text" name="pfb-signup" id="pfb-signup-box-lname" class="pfb-signup-box" placeholder="Last Name">
    <input type="email" name="pfb-signup" id="pfb-signup-box-email" class="pfb-signup-box" placeholder="youremail@example.com">
    <input type="text" name="pfb-signup" id="pfb-signup-box-zip" class="pfb-signup-box" placeholder="Zip Code">
  </div>
  <input type="submit" class="submit-button" value="Sign-up" id="pfb-signup-button"></a>
  <div id="pfb-signup-result"></div>
</form>

关键点:

    为您的&lt;form&gt; 提供一个唯一ID,不要忘记method="post" 属性,这样表单才能正常工作。 注意最后一行 #signup-result 是您存放 PHP 脚本反馈的地方。

PHP:

<?php
  /*
   * Add a 'member' to a 'list' via mailchimp API v3.x
   * @ http://developer.mailchimp.com/documentation/mailchimp/reference/lists/members/#create-post_lists_list_id_members
   *
   * ================
   * BACKGROUND
   * Typical use case is that this code would get run by an .ajax() jQuery call or possibly a form action
   * The live data you need will get transferred via the global $_POST variable
   * That data must be put into an array with keys that match the mailchimp endpoints, check the above link for those
   * You also need to include your API key and list ID for this to work.
   * You'll just have to go get those and type them in here, see README.md
   * ================
   */

  // Set API Key and list ID to add a subscriber
  $api_key = 'your-api-key-here';
  $list_id = 'your-list-id-here';

  /* ================
   * DESTINATION URL
   * Note: your API URL has a location subdomain at the front of the URL string
   * It can vary depending on where you are in the world
   * To determine yours, check the last 3 digits of your API key
   * ================
   */
  $url = 'https://us5.api.mailchimp.com/3.0/lists/' . $list_id . '/members/';

  /* ================
   * DATA SETUP
   * Encode data into a format that the add subscriber mailchimp end point is looking for
   * Must include 'email_address' and 'status'
   * Statuses: pending = they get an email; subscribed = they don't get an email
   * Custom fields go into the 'merge_fields' as another array
   * More here: http://developer.mailchimp.com/documentation/mailchimp/reference/lists/members/#create-post_lists_list_id_members
   * ================
   */
  $pfb_data = array(
    'email_address' => $_POST['emailname'],
    'status'        => 'pending',
    'merge_fields'  => array(
      'FNAME'       => $_POST['firstname'],
      'LNAME'       => $_POST['lastname'],
      'ZIPCODE'     => $_POST['zipcode']
    ),
  );

  // Encode the data
  $encoded_pfb_data = json_encode($pfb_data);

  // Setup cURL sequence
  $ch = curl_init();

  /* ================
   * cURL OPTIONS
   * The tricky one here is the _USERPWD - this is how you transfer the API key over
   * _RETURNTRANSFER allows us to get the response into a variable which is nice
   * This example just POSTs, we don't edit/modify - just a simple add to a list
   * _POSTFIELDS does the heavy lifting
   * _SSL_VERIFYPEER should probably be set but I didn't do it here
   * ================
   */
  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERPWD, 'user:' . $api_key);
  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Content-Type: application/json'));
  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 10);
  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $encoded_pfb_data);
  curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false);

  $results = curl_exec($ch); // store response
  $response = curl_getinfo($ch, CURLINFO_HTTP_CODE); // get HTTP CODE
  $errors = curl_error($ch); // store errors

  curl_close($ch);

  // Returns info back to jQuery .ajax or just outputs onto the page

  $results = array(
    'results' => $result_info,
    'response' => $response,
    'errors' => $errors
  );

  // Sends data back to the page OR the ajax() in your JS
  echo json_encode($results);
?>

关键点:

    CURLOPT_USERPWD 处理 API 密钥,而 Mailchimp 并没有真正向您展示如何执行此操作。 CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER 以这样一种方式向我们提供响应,以便我们可以使用 .ajax() success 处理程序将其发送回 HTML 页面。 在收到的数据上使用json_encode

JS:

// Signup form submission
$('#pfb-signup-submission').submit(function(event) 
  event.preventDefault();

  // Get data from form and store it
  var pfbSignupFNAME = $('#pfb-signup-box-fname').val();
  var pfbSignupLNAME = $('#pfb-signup-box-lname').val();
  var pfbSignupEMAIL = $('#pfb-signup-box-email').val();
  var pfbSignupZIP = $('#pfb-signup-box-zip').val();

  // Create JSON variable of retreived data
  var pfbSignupData = 
    'firstname': pfbSignupFNAME,
    'lastname': pfbSignupLNAME,
    'email': pfbSignupEMAIL,
    'zipcode': pfbSignupZIP
  ;

  // Send data to PHP script via .ajax() of jQuery
  $.ajax(
    type: 'POST',
    dataType: 'json',
    url: 'mailchimp-signup.php',
    data: pfbSignupData,
    success: function (results) 
      $('#pfb-signup-box-fname').hide();
      $('#pfb-signup-box-lname').hide();
      $('#pfb-signup-box-email').hide();
      $('#pfb-signup-box-zip').hide();
      $('#pfb-signup-result').text('Thanks for adding yourself to the email list. We will be in touch.');
      console.log(results);
    ,
    error: function (results) 
      $('#pfb-signup-result').html('<p>Sorry but we were unable to add you into the email list.</p>');
      console.log(results);
    
  );
);

关键点:

    JSON 数据在传输时非常敏感。在这里,我将它放入一个数组中,看起来很简单。如果您遇到问题,很可能是因为您的 JSON 数据的结构。看看这个! JSON 数据的键将成为您在 PHP _POST 全局变量中引用的键。在这种情况下,它将是_POST['email']_POST['firstname'] 等。但是您可以为它们命名任何您想要的名称 - 只需记住您为 JSON 传输的 data 部分的键命名的名称就是您在 PHP 中访问它们的方式。 这显然需要 jQuery ;)

【讨论】:

您好,伙计,我按照您的代码示例进行操作,但无法使其适用于我的项目。你介意我们联系一下,以便我从你那里得到一些帮助吗?谢谢! 提出一个要点,我会检查一下。【参考方案4】:

批量加载 - 好的,所以在删除了我之前的回复后,我只使用了链接,我已经更新了我设法开始工作的代码。感谢任何人简化/纠正/改进/添加功能等,因为我仍在学习这些东西,但我得到了批处理成员列表添加工作:)

$apikey = "whatever-us99";                            
$list_id = "12ab34dc56";

$email1 = "jack@email.com";
$fname1 = "Jack";
$lname1 = "Black";

$email2 = "jill@email.com";
$fname2 = "Jill";
$lname2 = "Hill";

$auth = base64_encode( 'user:'.$apikey );

$data1 = array(
    "apikey"        => $apikey,
    "email_address" => $email1,
    "status"        => "subscribed",
    "merge_fields"  => array(                
            'FNAME' => $fname1,
            'LNAME' => $lname1,
    )
);

$data2 = array(
    "apikey"        => $apikey,
    "email_address" => $email2,
    "status"        => "subscribed",                
    "merge_fields"  => array(                
            'FNAME' => $fname2,
            'LNAME' => $lname2,
    )
);

$json_data1 = json_encode($data1);
$json_data2 = json_encode($data2);

$array = array(
    "operations" => array(
        array(
            "method" => "POST",
            "path" => "/lists/$list_id/members/",
            "body" => $json_data1
        ),
        array(
            "method" => "POST",
            "path" => "/lists/$list_id/members/",
            "body" => $json_data2
        )
    )
);

$json_post = json_encode($array);

$ch = curl_init();

$curlopt_url = "https://us99.api.mailchimp.com/3.0/batches";
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $curlopt_url);

curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Content-Type: application/json',
'Authorization: Basic '.$auth));
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, 'PHP-MCAPI/3.0');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 10);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $json_post);

print_r($json_post . "\n");
$result = curl_exec($ch);

var_dump($result . "\n");
print_r ($result . "\n");

【讨论】:

【参考方案5】:

如果它对任何人有帮助,这就是我在 Python 中使用 Python Requests 库而不是 CURL 所做的工作。

正如上面@staypuftman 所解释的,您需要来自 MailChimp 的 API 密钥和列表 ID,并确保您的 API 密钥后缀和 URL 前缀(即 us5)匹配。

Python:

#########################################################################################
# To add a single contact to MailChimp (using MailChimp v3.0 API), requires:
#   + MailChimp API Key
#   + MailChimp List Id for specific list
#   + MailChimp API URL for adding a single new contact
#
# Note: the API URL has a 3/4 character location subdomain at the front of the URL string. 
# It can vary depending on where you are in the world. To determine yours, check the last 
# 3/4 characters of your API key. The API URL location subdomain must match API Key 
# suffix e.g. us5, us13, us19 etc. but in this example, us5.
# (suggest you put the following 3 values in 'settings' or 'secrets' file)
#########################################################################################
MAILCHIMP_API_KEY = 'your-api-key-here-us5'
MAILCHIMP_LIST_ID = 'your-list-id-here'
MAILCHIMP_ADD_CONTACT_TO_LIST_URL = 'https://us5.api.mailchimp.com/3.0/lists/' + MAILCHIMP_LIST_ID + '/members/'

    # Create new contact data and convert into JSON as this is what MailChimp expects in the API
    # I've hardcoded some test data but use what you get from your form as appropriate
    new_contact_data_dict = 
        "email_address": "test@testing.com",              # 'email_address' is a mandatory field
        "status": "subscribed",                           # 'status' is a mandatory field
        "merge_fields":                                  # 'merge_fields' are optional:
            "FNAME": "John",                  
            "LNAME": "Smith"
        
    
    new_contact_data_json = json.dumps(new_contact_data_dict)

    # Create the new contact using MailChimp API using Python 'Requests' library
    req = requests.post(
        MAILCHIMP_ADD_CONTACT_TO_LIST_URL,
        data=new_contact_data_json,
        auth=('user', MAILCHIMP_API_KEY),
        headers="content-type": "application/json"
    )

    # debug info if required - .text and .json also list the 'merge_fields' names for use in contact JSON above
    # print req.status_code
    # print req.text
    # print req.json()

    if req.status_code == 200:
        # success - do anything you need to do
    else:
        # fail - do anything you need to do - but here is a useful debug message
        mailchimp_fail = 'MailChimp call failed calling this URL: 0\n' \
                         'Returned this HTTP status code: 1\n' \
                         'Returned this response text: 2' \
                         .format(req.url, str(req.status_code), req.text)

【讨论】:

【参考方案6】:

如果您想使用 Mailchimp API 在列表上批量订阅。然后就可以使用下面的函数了。

    /**
     * Mailchimp API- List Batch Subscribe added function
     *
     * @param array  $data   Passed you data as an array format.
     * @param string $apikey your mailchimp api key.
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    function batchSubscribe(array $data, $apikey)
    
        $auth          = base64_encode('user:' . $apikey);
        $json_postData = json_encode($data);
        $ch            = curl_init();
        $dataCenter    = substr($apikey, strpos($apikey, '-') + 1);
        $curlopt_url   = 'https://' . $dataCenter . '.api.mailchimp.com/3.0/batches/';
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $curlopt_url);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('Content-Type: application/json',
            'Authorization: Basic ' . $auth));
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, 'PHP-MCAPI/3.0');
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 10);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $json_postData);
        $result = curl_exec($ch);
        return $result;
    

批量操作的函数使用和数据格式:

<?php
$apikey  = 'Your MailChimp Api Key';
$list_id = 'Your list ID';
$servername = 'localhost';
$username   = 'Youre DB username';
$password   = 'Your DB password';
$dbname     = 'Your DB Name';
// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) 
    die('Connection failed: ' . $conn->connect_error);

$sql       = 'SELECT * FROM emails';// your SQL Query goes here
$result    = $conn->query($sql);
$finalData = [];
if ($result->num_rows > 0) 
    // output data of each row
    while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) 
        $individulData = array(
            'apikey'        => $apikey,
            'email_address' => $row['email'],
            'status'        => 'subscribed',
            'merge_fields'  => array(
                'FNAME' => 'eastwest',
                'LNAME' => 'rehab',
            )
        );
        $json_individulData        = json_encode($individulData);
        $finalData['operations'][] =
            array(
                "method" => "POST",
                "path"   => "/lists/$list_id/members/",
                "body"   => $json_individulData
            );
    

$api_response = batchSubscribe($finalData, $apikey);
print_r($api_response);
$conn->close();

另外,您可以在我的 Github gist 中找到此代码。 GithubGist Link

参考文档:Official

【讨论】:

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