Django - 列中的空值违反了 Django Admin 中的非空约束
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【中文标题】Django - 列中的空值违反了 Django Admin 中的非空约束【英文标题】：Django - null value in column violates not-null constraint in Django Admin 【发布时间】：2014-07-11 06:43:28 【问题描述】：在尝试将数据添加到数据库时，我在 Django 管理员中遇到了完整性错误。
回溯如下：
Environment:
Request Method: POST
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/site/admin/SilverInningsHelpline/classified/add/
Django Version: 1.6.4
Python Version: 2.7.3
Installed Applications:
('django_admin_bootstrapped.bootstrap3',
'django_admin_bootstrapped',
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'SilverInningsHelpline',
'south')
Installed Middleware:
('django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware')
Traceback:
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in get_response
114. response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/options.py" in wrapper
432. return self.admin_site.admin_view(view)(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/decorators.py" in _wrapped_view
99. response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/decorators/cache.py" in _wrapped_view_func
52. response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/sites.py" in inner
198. return view(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/decorators.py" in _wrapper
29. return bound_func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/decorators.py" in _wrapped_view
99. response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/utils/decorators.py" in bound_func
25. return func(self, *args2, **kwargs2)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/transaction.py" in inner
371. return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/options.py" in add_view
1131. self.save_model(request, new_object, form, False)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/options.py" in save_model
860. obj.save()
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in save
545. force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in save_base
573. updated = self._save_table(raw, cls, force_insert, force_update, using, update_fields)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in _save_table
654. result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in _do_insert
687. using=using, raw=raw)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/manager.py" in _insert
232. return insert_query(self.model, objs, fields, **kwargs)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py" in insert_query
1511. return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py" in execute_sql
903. cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/util.py" in execute
69. return super(CursorDebugWrapper, self).execute(sql, params)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/util.py" in execute
53. return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/utils.py" in __exit__
99. six.reraise(dj_exc_type, dj_exc_value, traceback)
File "/home/siddharth/SilverInnings/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/backends/util.py" in execute
53. return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
Exception Type: IntegrityError at /site/admin/SilverInningsHelpline/classified/add/
Exception Value: null value in column "category_id" violates not-null constraint
我的模型如下：
class Categories(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
type = models.CharField(max_length=300)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.type
class Subcategory(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
parent = models.ForeignKey(Categories)
name = models.CharField(max_length=300)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
class Classified(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=256)
contact_person = models.CharField(max_length=300)
email = models.CharField(max_length=100)
address = models.ForeignKey(Address)
subcategory = models.ForeignKey(Subcategory)
phone_number = models.BigIntegerField(max_length=20, default=0)
image = models.ImageField(blank=True, upload_to='dynamic/img/')
NO = 'NO'
YES = 'YES'
APPROVAL = ((NO, 'no'), (YES, 'yes'))
active = models.CharField(choices=APPROVAL, default=NO, max_length=3)
verified = models.CharField(choices=APPROVAL, default=NO, max_length=3)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
当我尝试从 Admin 进入分类表时出现问题。
从这里尝试过的解决方案：
IntegrityError: null value in column "city_id " violates not-null constraint 因为它最接近我的问题。在尝试了该链接上的解决方案后，我的表格看起来像这样：
class Categories(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
type = models.CharField(max_length=300, unique=True, default='All', null=True)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.type
class Subcategory(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
parent = models.ForeignKey(Categories, null=True, blank=True, default='All')
name = models.CharField(max_length=300)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
class Classified(models.Model):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=256)
contact_person = models.CharField(max_length=300)
email = models.CharField(max_length=100)
address = models.ForeignKey(Address)
subcategory = models.ForeignKey(Subcategory)
phone_number = models.BigIntegerField(max_length=20, default=0)
image = models.ImageField(blank=True, upload_to='dynamic/img/')
NO = 'NO'
YES = 'YES'
APPROVAL = ((NO, 'no'), (YES, 'yes'))
active = models.CharField(choices=APPROVAL, default=NO, max_length=3)
verified = models.CharField(choices=APPROVAL, default=NO, max_length=3)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
但这并没有解决我的问题，现在我被卡住了。
【问题讨论】：
【参考方案1】：查看您的模型，您的任何表格中都不应该有字段 category_id。也许您更改了模型但没有更改数据库中的表。现在，当您创建条目时，Django 不会填充它不知道的字段，这会产生错误。您应该从表中删除不需要的字段。或者，如果可能的话，您可以删除整个数据库并从头开始运行 manage.py syncdb。
【讨论】：
如果我删除类别主键字段'id'会更好吗？还是它专门寻找一个名为“category_id”的字段？此外，删除这个数据库意味着，我必须在 Heroku 上反映它当前部署的位置，并且我不希望丢失任何实时数据。 我明白了。看起来您的表中有category_id 字段，但 Django 不知道。所以它发出的INSERT 声明将此字段留空，但您有 NOT NULL 约束。如果您可以直接访问您的数据库，您应该检查哪个表有此列并决定是否需要它。如果没有在 Django 中指定，那么您可能不会使用它。
嗯，我删除了数据库并创建了一个新的。 manage.py syncdb 工作得很好，架构迁移也工作得很好。希望在推送时我不会丢失数据。【参考方案2】：
只需在所有字段中添加null=Truehttps://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/migrations/#postgresql
【讨论】：
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