打印出整个目录树
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【中文标题】打印出整个目录树【英文标题】:Print out the whole directory tree 【发布时间】:2013-07-08 17:17:54 【问题描述】:我现在的代码:
import os
Tree =
Tree = os.listdir('Dir')
>>> print(Tree)
['New Folder', 'Textfile1.txt', 'Textfile2.txt']
这不会打印出子目录中的文件。 (新建文件夹是一个子目录)。
我的问题是,如何输出目录下的所有文件和子目录下的文件?
【问题讨论】:
阅读文档并了解os.walk
的工作原理。
【参考方案1】:
Here 是另一个适用于 python3 的版本
示例输出:
pyvarstar/
|-- .bashrc
|-- README
|-- vstars -> versions/vstars_20170804/
|-- versions/
| |-- vstars_20170804/
| | |-- lib/
| | | |-- vstars/
| | |-- bin/
| | | |-- getcoords
| | | |-- find_burst
代码:
def realname(path, root=None):
if root is not None:
path=os.path.join(root, path)
result=os.path.basename(path)
if os.path.islink(path):
realpath=os.readlink(path)
result= '%s -> %s' % (os.path.basename(path), realpath)
return result
def ptree(startpath, depth=-1):
prefix=0
if startpath != '/':
if startpath.endswith('/'): startpath=startpath[:-1]
prefix=len(startpath)
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(startpath):
level = root[prefix:].count(os.sep)
if depth >-1 and level > depth: continue
indent=subindent =''
if level > 0:
indent = '| ' * (level-1) + '|-- '
subindent = '| ' * (level) + '|-- '
print('/'.format(indent, realname(root)))
# print dir only if symbolic link; otherwise, will be printed as root
for d in dirs:
if os.path.islink(os.path.join(root, d)):
print(''.format(subindent, realname(d, root=root)))
for f in files:
print(''.format(subindent, realname(f, root=root)))
【讨论】:
【参考方案2】:从Python Cookbook 上的recipe 577091,您可以使用或学习那里的TREE Emulator。
import sys, os
FILES = False
def main():
if len(sys.argv) > 2 and sys.argv[2].upper() == '/F':
global FILES; FILES = True
try:
tree(sys.argv[1])
except:
print('Usage: <directory>'.format(os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])))
def tree(path):
path = os.path.abspath(path)
dirs, files = listdir(path)[:2]
print(path)
walk(path, dirs, files)
if not dirs:
print('No subfolders exist')
def walk(root, dirs, files, prefix=''):
if FILES and files:
file_prefix = prefix + ('|' if dirs else ' ') + ' '
for name in files:
print(file_prefix + name)
print(file_prefix)
dir_prefix, walk_prefix = prefix + '+---', prefix + '| '
for pos, neg, name in enumerate2(dirs):
if neg == -1:
dir_prefix, walk_prefix = prefix + '\\---', prefix + ' '
print(dir_prefix + name)
path = os.path.join(root, name)
try:
dirs, files = listdir(path)[:2]
except:
pass
else:
walk(path, dirs, files, walk_prefix)
def listdir(path):
dirs, files, links = [], [], []
for name in os.listdir(path):
path_name = os.path.join(path, name)
if os.path.isdir(path_name):
dirs.append(name)
elif os.path.isfile(path_name):
files.append(name)
elif os.path.islink(path_name):
links.append(name)
return dirs, files, links
def enumerate2(sequence):
length = len(sequence)
for count, value in enumerate(sequence):
yield count, count - length, value
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
【讨论】:
【参考方案3】:import os
def Test1(rootDir):
list_dirs = os.walk(rootDir)
for root, dirs, files in list_dirs:
for d in dirs:
print os.path.join(root, d)
for f in files:
print os.path.join(root, f)
或者:
import os
def Test2(rootDir):
for lists in os.listdir(rootDir):
path = os.path.join(rootDir, lists)
print path
if os.path.isdir(path):
Test2(path)
对于测试文件树:
E:\TEST
│--A
│ │--A-A
│ │ │--A-A-A.txt
│ │--A-B.txt
│ │--A-C
│ │ │--A-B-A.txt
│ │--A-D.txt
│--B.txt
│--C
│ │--C-A.txt
│ │--C-B.txt
│--D.txt
│--E
运行以下代码:
Test1('E:\TEST')
print '======================================='
Test2('E:\TEST')
您可以看到结果之间存在差异:
>>>
E:\TEST\A
E:\TEST\C
E:\TEST\E
E:\TEST\B.txt
E:\TEST\D.txt
E:\TEST\A\A-A
E:\TEST\A\A-C
E:\TEST\A\A-B.txt
E:\TEST\A\A-D.txt
E:\TEST\A\A-A\A-A-A.txt
E:\TEST\A\A-C\A-B-A.txt
E:\TEST\C\C-A.txt
E:\TEST\C\C-B.txt
=======================================
E:\TEST\A
E:\TEST\A\A-A
E:\TEST\A\A-A\A-A-A.txt
E:\TEST\A\A-B.txt
E:\TEST\A\A-C
E:\TEST\A\A-C\A-B-A.txt
E:\TEST\A\A-D.txt
E:\TEST\B.txt
E:\TEST\C
E:\TEST\C\C-A.txt
E:\TEST\C\C-B.txt
E:\TEST\D.txt
E:\TEST\E
>>>
要将它们保存在列表中:
import os
files = []
def Test1(rootDir):
files.append(rootDir)
list_dirs = os.walk(rootDir)
for root, dirs, files in list_dirs:
for d in dirs:
files.append(os.path.join(root, d))
for f in files:
files.append(os.path.join(root, f))
import os
files = [rootDir]
def Test2(rootDir):
for lists in os.listdir(rootDir):
path = os.path.join(rootDir, lists)
files.append(path)
if os.path.isdir(path):
Test2(path)
【讨论】:
你能不能让它不打印值而是将它们作为列表返回? 所以你只想要文件或文件和目录? @HendrX【参考方案4】:使用os.walk
:
>>> import os
>>> print(os.walk.__doc__)
Directory tree generator.
For each directory in the directory tree rooted at top (including top
itself, but excluding '.' and '..'), yields a 3-tuple
...
【讨论】:
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