如何以编程方式创建 UICollectionViewCell

Posted 2023-02-23

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【中文标题】如何以编程方式创建 UICollectionViewCell【英文标题】：How to create UICollectionViewCell programmatically 【发布时间】：2016-09-11 17:31:45 【问题描述】：

我正在尝试以编程方式创建 UICollectionView。我需要在单元格内添加标签，所以我创建了CollectionViewCell 类。

这是课程：

import UIKit

class MyCollectionViewCell: UICollectionViewCell 

    override init(frame: CGRect) 
        super.init(frame: frame)
    

    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) 
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")

这是collectionView的实现类：

import UIKit

class TwoViewController: UIViewController, UICollectionViewDataSource, UICollectionViewDelegateFlowLayout, UICollectionViewDelegate 

    let leftAndRightPaddings: CGFloat = 80.0
    let numberOfItemsPerRow: CGFloat = 7.0
    let screenSize: CGRect = UIScreen.main.bounds
    private let cellReuseIdentifier = "collectionCell"
    var items = ["1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "30", "31"]

    override func viewDidLoad() 
        super.viewDidLoad()
        let flowLayout = UICollectionViewFlowLayout()
        let collectionView = UICollectionView(frame: self.view.bounds, collectionViewLayout: flowLayout)
        collectionView.register(MyCollectionViewCell.self, forCellWithReuseIdentifier: cellReuseIdentifier)

        collectionView.register(UICollectionViewCell.self, forCellWithReuseIdentifier: "collectionCell")
        collectionView.delegate = self
        collectionView.dataSource = self
        collectionView.backgroundColor = UIColor.cyan

        self.view.addSubview(collectionView)
    

    func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, numberOfItemsInSection section: Int) -> Int
    
        return self.items.count
    

    func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, cellForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UICollectionViewCell
    
        let cell = collectionView.dequeueReusableCell(withReuseIdentifier: cellReuseIdentifier, for: indexPath) as! MyCollectionViewCell
        cell.backgroundColor = UIColor.green
        return cell
    

    func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, layout collectionViewLayout: UICollectionViewLayout, sizeForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> CGSize
    
        let width = (screenSize.width-leftAndRightPaddings)/numberOfItemsPerRow
        return CGSize(width: width, height: width)
    

    func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, layout collectionViewLayout: UICollectionViewLayout, insetForSectionAt section: Int) -> UIEdgeInsets
    
        return UIEdgeInsets(top: 20, left: 8, bottom: 5, right: 8)

生成单元格时发生错误：

func collectionView(collectionView: UICollectionView, cellForItemAtIndexPath indexPath: NSIndexPath) -> UICollectionViewCell

    let cell = collectionView.dequeueReusableCellWithReuseIdentifier(cellReuseIdentifier, forIndexPath: indexPath) as! MyCollectionViewCell

错误是：

Could not cast value of type 'UICollectionViewCell' (0x1033cc820) to 'CollectionViewProgramatically.MyCollectionViewCell' (0x1015a4f88).

【问题讨论】：

【参考方案1】：

尝试将此代码复制并粘贴到您的 xcode 中，它应该可以工作

//
//  HomeVIewController.swift
//  Photolancer
//
//  Created by Lee SangJoon  on 9/8/16.
//  Copyright © 2016 Givnite. All rights reserved.
//

import UIKit


class HomeViewController: UIViewController, UICollectionViewDataSource, UICollectionViewDelegateFlowLayout 



    var collectionview: UICollectionView!
    var cellId = "Cell"

    override func viewDidLoad() 
        super.viewDidLoad()

        // Create an instance of UICollectionViewFlowLayout since you cant
        // Initialize UICollectionView without a layout
        let layout: UICollectionViewFlowLayout = UICollectionViewFlowLayout()
        layout.sectionInset = UIEdgeInsets(top: 0, left: 0, bottom: 0, right: 0)
        layout.itemSize = CGSize(width: view.frame.width, height: 700)

        collectionview = UICollectionView(frame: self.view.frame, collectionViewLayout: layout)
        collectionview.dataSource = self
        collectionview.delegate = self
        collectionview.registerClass(FreelancerCell.self, forCellWithReuseIdentifier: cellId)
        collectionview.showsVerticalScrollIndicator = false
        collectionview.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()
        self.view.addSubview(collectionview)

    

    func collectionView(collectionView: UICollectionView, numberOfItemsInSection section: Int) -> Int 
        return 10
    


    func collectionView(collectionView: UICollectionView, cellForItemAtIndexPath indexPath: NSIndexPath) -> UICollectionViewCell 
        let cell = collectionview.dequeueReusableCellWithReuseIdentifier(cellId, forIndexPath: indexPath) as! FreelancerCell
        return cell
    











class FreelancerCell: UICollectionViewCell 


    let profileImageButton: UIButton = 
        let button = UIButton()
        button.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()
        button.layer.cornerRadius = 18
        button.clipsToBounds = true
        button.setImage(UIImage(named: "Profile"), forState: .Normal)

        button.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return button
    ()


    let nameLabel: UILabel = 
        let label = UILabel()
        label.font = UIFont.systemFontOfSize(14)
        label.textColor = UIColor.darkGrayColor()
        label.text = "Bob Lee"
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return label
    ()


    let distanceLabel: UILabel = 
        let label = UILabel()
        label.textColor = UIColor.lightGrayColor()
        label.font = UIFont.systemFontOfSize(14)
        label.text = "30000 miles"
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return label
    ()

    let pricePerHourLabel: UILabel = 
        let label = UILabel()
        label.textColor = UIColor.darkGrayColor()
        label.font = UIFont.systemFontOfSize(14)
        label.text = "$40/hour"
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return label
    ()



    let ratingLabel: UILabel = 
        let label = UILabel()
        label.textColor = UIColor.lightGrayColor()
        label.font = UIFont.systemFontOfSize(14)
        label.text = "4.9+"
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return label
    ()


    let showCaseImageView: UIImageView = 
        let imageView = UIImageView()
        imageView.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()
        imageView.image = UIImage(named: "Profile")
        imageView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return imageView
    ()


    let likesLabel: UILabel = 
        let label = UILabel()
        label.textColor = UIColor.lightGrayColor()
        label.font = UIFont.systemFontOfSize(14)
        label.text = "424 likes"
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return label
    ()


    let topSeparatorView: UIView = 
        let view = UIView()
        view.backgroundColor = UIColor.darkGrayColor()
        view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return view
    ()

    let bottomSeparatorView: UIView = 
        let view = UIView()
        view.backgroundColor = UIColor.darkGrayColor()
        view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return view
    ()


    let likeButton: UIButton = 
        let button = UIButton()
        button.setTitle("Like", forState: .Normal)
        button.titleLabel?.font = UIFont.systemFontOfSize(18)
        button.setTitleColor(UIColor.darkGrayColor(), forState: .Normal)
        button.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return button
    ()

    let hireButton: UIButton = 
        let button = UIButton()
        button.setTitle("Hire", forState: .Normal)
        button.titleLabel?.font = UIFont.systemFontOfSize(18)
        button.setTitleColor(UIColor.darkGrayColor(), forState: .Normal)
        button.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return button
    ()


    let messageButton: UIButton = 
        let button = UIButton()
        button.setTitle("Message", forState: .Normal)
        button.titleLabel?.font = UIFont.systemFontOfSize(18)
        button.setTitleColor(UIColor.darkGrayColor(), forState: .Normal)
        button.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return button
    ()



    let stackView: UIStackView = 
        let sv = UIStackView()
        sv.axis  = UILayoutConstraintAxis.Horizontal
        sv.alignment = UIStackViewAlignment.Center
        sv.distribution = UIStackViewDistribution.FillEqually
        sv.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false;
        return sv
    ()




    override init(frame: CGRect) 
        super.init(frame: frame)

        addViews()
    




    func addViews()
        backgroundColor = UIColor.blackColor()

        addSubview(profileImageButton)
        addSubview(nameLabel)
        addSubview(distanceLabel)
        addSubview(pricePerHourLabel)
        addSubview(ratingLabel)
        addSubview(showCaseImageView)
        addSubview(likesLabel)

        addSubview(topSeparatorView)
        addSubview(bottomSeparatorView)

        // Stack View
        addSubview(likeButton)
        addSubview(messageButton)
        addSubview(hireButton)
        addSubview(stackView)


        profileImageButton.leftAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(leftAnchor, constant: 5).active = true
        profileImageButton.topAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(topAnchor, constant: 10).active = true
        profileImageButton.heightAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(36).active = true
        profileImageButton.widthAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(36).active = true

        nameLabel.leftAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(profileImageButton.rightAnchor, constant: 5).active = true
        nameLabel.centerYAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(profileImageButton.centerYAnchor, constant: -8).active = true
        nameLabel.rightAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(pricePerHourLabel.leftAnchor).active = true

        distanceLabel.leftAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(nameLabel.leftAnchor).active = true
        distanceLabel.centerYAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(profileImageButton.centerYAnchor, constant: 8).active = true
        distanceLabel.widthAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(300)

        pricePerHourLabel.rightAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(rightAnchor, constant: -10).active = true
        pricePerHourLabel.centerYAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(nameLabel.centerYAnchor).active = true

        // Distance depeneded on the priceLabel and distance Label
        ratingLabel.rightAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(pricePerHourLabel.rightAnchor).active = true
        ratingLabel.centerYAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(distanceLabel.centerYAnchor).active = true

        showCaseImageView.topAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(profileImageButton.bottomAnchor, constant: 10).active = true
        showCaseImageView.widthAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(widthAnchor).active = true
        showCaseImageView.heightAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds.width - 20).active = true

        likesLabel.topAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(showCaseImageView.bottomAnchor, constant: 10).active = true
        likesLabel.leftAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(profileImageButton.leftAnchor).active = true

        topSeparatorView.topAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(likesLabel.bottomAnchor, constant: 10).active = true
        topSeparatorView.widthAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(widthAnchor).active = true
        topSeparatorView.heightAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(0.5).active = true

        stackView.addArrangedSubview(likeButton)
        stackView.addArrangedSubview(hireButton)
        stackView.addArrangedSubview(messageButton)

        stackView.topAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(topSeparatorView.bottomAnchor, constant: 4).active = true
        stackView.widthAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(widthAnchor).active = true
        stackView.centerXAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(centerXAnchor).active = true

        bottomSeparatorView.topAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(stackView.bottomAnchor, constant: 4).active = true
        bottomSeparatorView.widthAnchor.constraintEqualToAnchor(widthAnchor).active = true
        bottomSeparatorView.heightAnchor.constraintEqualToConstant(0.5).active = true


    



    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) 
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")

【讨论】：

要了解如何使用闭包创建对象，请随时参考这篇文章，blog.bobthedeveloper.io/… 小注意，不要给单元格本身添加子视图，but use contentView property instead: 要配置单元格的外观，将需要的视图添加为视图的子视图来呈现数据项的内容在 contentView 属性中。不要直接将子视图添加到单元格本身。 这段代码很棒，但是在viewDidLayoutSubviews而不是viewDidLoad中设置您的收藏视图，请参阅此处的讨论：***.com/questions/49742156/… 谢谢，这对我有用。作为一个良好的开发人员实践，我不建议任何人只是复制和粘贴它。相反，鼓励他们写/打字。赞成。我必须在 required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) 中添加 super.init(coder: aDecoder) 才能使用 Swift 5。以防其他人遇到此问题。【参考方案2】：

你的问题就在这里。在您的viewDidLoad() 中，您注册了两次collectionView 单元格。您在第一行将collectionview 的单元格注册到您的自定义单元格类，然后在第二行将其注册到类UICollectionViewCell。

 collectionView.registerClass(MyCollectionViewCell.self, forCellWithReuseIdentifier: cellReuseIdentifier)
 collectionView.registerClass(UICollectionViewCell.self, forCellWithReuseIdentifier: "collectionCell")

只需删除第二行，您的代码就可以工作了。

【讨论】：

【参考方案3】：

我将 Bob Lee answer 更改为 swift 4

import UIKit


class noNibCollectionViewController: UIViewController, UICollectionViewDataSource, UICollectionViewDelegateFlowLayout 



    var collectionview: UICollectionView!
    var cellId = "Cell"

    override func viewDidLoad() 
        super.viewDidLoad()

        // Create an instance of UICollectionViewFlowLayout since you cant
        // Initialize UICollectionView without a layout
        let layout: UICollectionViewFlowLayout = UICollectionViewFlowLayout()
        layout.sectionInset = UIEdgeInsets(top: 0, left: 0, bottom: 0, right: 0)
        layout.itemSize = CGSize(width: view.frame.width, height: 700)

        collectionview = UICollectionView(frame: self.view.frame, collectionViewLayout: layout)
        collectionview.dataSource = self
        collectionview.delegate = self
        collectionview.register(FreelancerCell.self, forCellWithReuseIdentifier: cellId)
        collectionview.showsVerticalScrollIndicator = false
        collectionview.backgroundColor = UIColor.white
        self.view.addSubview(collectionview)

    

    func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, numberOfItemsInSection section: Int) -> Int 
        return 10
    


    func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, cellForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UICollectionViewCell 
        let cell = collectionview.dequeueReusableCell(withReuseIdentifier: cellId, for: indexPath) as! FreelancerCell
        return cell
    











class FreelancerCell: UICollectionViewCell 


    let profileImageButton: UIButton = 
        let button = UIButton()
        button.backgroundColor = UIColor.white
        button.layer.cornerRadius = 18
        button.clipsToBounds = true
        button.setImage(UIImage(named: "Profile"), for: .normal)

        button.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return button
    ()


    let nameLabel: UILabel = 
        let label = UILabel()
        label.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 14)
        label.textColor = UIColor.darkGray
        label.text = "Bob Lee"
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return label
    ()


    let distanceLabel: UILabel = 
        let label = UILabel()
        label.textColor = UIColor.lightGray
        label.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 14)
        label.text = "30000 miles"
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return label
    ()

    let pricePerHourLabel: UILabel = 
        let label = UILabel()
        label.textColor = UIColor.darkGray
        label.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 14)
        label.text = "$40/hour"
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return label
    ()



    let ratingLabel: UILabel = 
        let label = UILabel()
        label.textColor = UIColor.lightGray
        label.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 14)
        label.text = "4.9+"
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return label
    ()


    let showCaseImageView: UIImageView = 
        let imageView = UIImageView()
        imageView.backgroundColor = UIColor.white
        imageView.image = UIImage(named: "Profile")
        imageView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return imageView
    ()


    let likesLabel: UILabel = 
        let label = UILabel()
        label.textColor = UIColor.lightGray
        label.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 14)
        label.text = "424 likes"
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return label
    ()


    let topSeparatorView: UIView = 
        let view = UIView()
        view.backgroundColor = UIColor.darkGray
        view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return view
    ()

    let bottomSeparatorView: UIView = 
        let view = UIView()
        view.backgroundColor = UIColor.darkGray
        view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return view
    ()


    let likeButton: UIButton = 
        let button = UIButton()
        button.setTitle("Like", for: .normal)
        button.titleLabel?.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 18)
        button.setTitleColor(UIColor.darkGray, for: .normal)
        button.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return button
    ()

    let hireButton: UIButton = 
        let button = UIButton()
        button.setTitle("Hire", for: .normal)
        button.titleLabel?.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 18)
        button.setTitleColor(UIColor.darkGray, for: .normal)
        button.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return button
    ()


    let messageButton: UIButton = 
        let button = UIButton()
        button.setTitle("Message", for: .normal)
        button.titleLabel?.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 18)
        button.setTitleColor(UIColor.darkGray, for: .normal)
        button.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return button
    ()



    let stackView: UIStackView = 
        let sv = UIStackView()
        sv.axis  = UILayoutConstraintAxis.horizontal
        sv.alignment = UIStackViewAlignment.center
        sv.distribution = UIStackViewDistribution.fillEqually
        sv.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false;
        return sv
    ()




    override init(frame: CGRect) 
        super.init(frame: frame)

        addViews()
    




    func addViews()
        backgroundColor = UIColor.black

        addSubview(profileImageButton)
        addSubview(nameLabel)
        addSubview(distanceLabel)
        addSubview(pricePerHourLabel)
        addSubview(ratingLabel)
        addSubview(showCaseImageView)
        addSubview(likesLabel)

        addSubview(topSeparatorView)
        addSubview(bottomSeparatorView)

        // Stack View
        addSubview(likeButton)
        addSubview(messageButton)
        addSubview(hireButton)
        addSubview(stackView)


        profileImageButton.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: leftAnchor, constant: 5).isActive = true
        profileImageButton.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topAnchor, constant: 10).isActive = true
        profileImageButton.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 36).isActive = true
        profileImageButton.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 36).isActive = true

        nameLabel.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: profileImageButton.rightAnchor, constant: 5).isActive = true
        nameLabel.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: profileImageButton.centerYAnchor, constant: -8).isActive = true
        nameLabel.rightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: pricePerHourLabel.leftAnchor).isActive = true

        distanceLabel.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: nameLabel.leftAnchor).isActive = true
        distanceLabel.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: profileImageButton.centerYAnchor, constant: 8).isActive = true
        distanceLabel.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 300)

        pricePerHourLabel.rightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: rightAnchor, constant: -10).isActive = true
        pricePerHourLabel.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: nameLabel.centerYAnchor).isActive = true

        // Distance depeneded on the priceLabel and distance Label
        ratingLabel.rightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: pricePerHourLabel.rightAnchor).isActive = true
        ratingLabel.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: distanceLabel.centerYAnchor).isActive = true

        showCaseImageView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: profileImageButton.bottomAnchor, constant: 10).isActive = true
        showCaseImageView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: widthAnchor).isActive = true
        showCaseImageView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: UIScreen.main.bounds.width - 20).isActive = true

        likesLabel.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: showCaseImageView.bottomAnchor, constant: 10).isActive = true
        likesLabel.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: profileImageButton.leftAnchor).isActive = true

        topSeparatorView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: likesLabel.bottomAnchor, constant: 10).isActive = true
        topSeparatorView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: widthAnchor).isActive = true
        topSeparatorView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 0.5).isActive = true

        stackView.addArrangedSubview(likeButton)
        stackView.addArrangedSubview(hireButton)
        stackView.addArrangedSubview(messageButton)

        stackView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topSeparatorView.bottomAnchor, constant: 4).isActive = true
        stackView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: widthAnchor).isActive = true
        stackView.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: centerXAnchor).isActive = true

        bottomSeparatorView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: stackView.bottomAnchor, constant: 4).isActive = true
        bottomSeparatorView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: widthAnchor).isActive = true
        bottomSeparatorView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 0.5).isActive = true


    



    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) 
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")

【讨论】：

这段代码很棒，但是在viewDidLayoutSubviews而不是viewDidLoad中设置您的收藏视图，请参阅此处的讨论：***.com/questions/49742156/…【参考方案4】：

Bob Lee 的响应更新为 Swift 5.1

class HomeViewController: UIViewController, UICollectionViewDataSource, UICollectionViewDelegateFlowLayout 


    var collectionview: UICollectionView!
    var cellId = "Cell"

    override func viewDidLoad() 
        super.viewDidLoad()

        // Create an instance of UICollectionViewFlowLayout since you cant
        // Initialize UICollectionView without a layout
        let layout: UICollectionViewFlowLayout = UICollectionViewFlowLayout()
        layout.sectionInset = UIEdgeInsets(top: 0, left: 0, bottom: 0, right: 0)
        layout.itemSize = CGSize(width: view.frame.width, height: 700)

        collectionview = UICollectionView(frame: self.view.frame, collectionViewLayout: layout)
        collectionview.dataSource = self
        collectionview.delegate = self
        collectionview.register(FreelancerCell.self, forCellWithReuseIdentifier: cellId)
        collectionview.showsVerticalScrollIndicator = false
        collectionview.backgroundColor = UIColor.white
        self.view.addSubview(collectionview)

    

    func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, numberOfItemsInSection section: Int) -> Int 
        return 10
    


    func collectionView(collectionView: UICollectionView, cellForItemAtIndexPath indexPath: NSIndexPath) -> UICollectionViewCell 
        let cell = collectionview.dequeueReusableCell(withReuseIdentifier: cellId, for: indexPath as IndexPath) as! FreelancerCell
        return cell
    




class FreelancerCell: UICollectionViewCell 


    let profileImageButton: UIButton = 
        let button = UIButton()
        button.backgroundColor = UIColor.white
        button.layer.cornerRadius = 18
        button.clipsToBounds = true
        button.setImage(UIImage(named: "Profile"), for: .normal)

        button.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return button
    ()


    let nameLabel: UILabel = 
        let label = UILabel()
        label.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 14)
        label.textColor = UIColor.darkGray
        label.text = "Bob Lee"
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return label
    ()


    let distanceLabel: UILabel = 
        let label = UILabel()
        label.textColor = UIColor.lightGray
        label.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 14)
        label.text = "30000 miles"
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return label
    ()

    let pricePerHourLabel: UILabel = 
        let label = UILabel()
        label.textColor = UIColor.darkGray
        label.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 14)
        label.text = "$40/hour"
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return label
    ()



    let ratingLabel: UILabel = 
        let label = UILabel()
        label.textColor = UIColor.lightGray
        label.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 14)
        label.text = "4.9+"
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return label
    ()


    let showCaseImageView: UIImageView = 
        let imageView = UIImageView()
        imageView.backgroundColor = UIColor.white
        imageView.image = UIImage(named: "Profile")
        imageView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return imageView
    ()


    let likesLabel: UILabel = 
        let label = UILabel()
        label.textColor = UIColor.lightGray
        label.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 14)
        label.text = "424 likes"
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return label
    ()


    let topSeparatorView: UIView = 
        let view = UIView()
        view.backgroundColor = UIColor.darkGray
        view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return view
    ()

    let bottomSeparatorView: UIView = 
        let view = UIView()
        view.backgroundColor = UIColor.darkGray
        view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return view
    ()


    let likeButton: UIButton = 
        let button = UIButton()
        button.setTitle("Like", for: .normal)
        button.titleLabel?.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 18)
        button.setTitleColor(UIColor.darkGray, for: .normal)
        button.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return button
    ()

    let hireButton: UIButton = 
        let button = UIButton()
        button.setTitle("Hire", for: .normal)
        button.titleLabel?.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 18)
        button.setTitleColor(UIColor.darkGray, for: .normal)
        button.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return button
    ()


    let messageButton: UIButton = 
        let button = UIButton()
        button.setTitle("Message", for: .normal)
        button.titleLabel?.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 18)
        button.setTitleColor(UIColor.darkGray, for: .normal)
        button.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        return button
    ()



    let stackView: UIStackView = 
        let sv = UIStackView()
        sv.axis  = NSLayoutConstraint.Axis.horizontal
        sv.alignment = UIStackView.Alignment.center
        sv.distribution = UIStackView.Distribution.fillEqually
        sv.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false;
        return sv
    ()

    override init(frame: CGRect) 
        super.init(frame: frame)
        addViews()
    

    func addViews()
        backgroundColor = UIColor.black

        addSubview(profileImageButton)
        addSubview(nameLabel)
        addSubview(distanceLabel)
        addSubview(pricePerHourLabel)
        addSubview(ratingLabel)
        addSubview(showCaseImageView)
        addSubview(likesLabel)

        addSubview(topSeparatorView)
        addSubview(bottomSeparatorView)

        // Stack View
        addSubview(likeButton)
        addSubview(messageButton)
        addSubview(hireButton)
        addSubview(stackView)


        profileImageButton.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: leftAnchor, constant: 5).isActive = true
        profileImageButton.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topAnchor, constant: 10).isActive = true
        profileImageButton.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 36).isActive = true
        profileImageButton.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 36).isActive = true

        nameLabel.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: profileImageButton.rightAnchor, constant: 5).isActive = true
        nameLabel.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: profileImageButton.centerYAnchor, constant: -8).isActive = true
        nameLabel.rightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: pricePerHourLabel.leftAnchor).isActive = true

        distanceLabel.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: nameLabel.leftAnchor).isActive = true
        distanceLabel.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: profileImageButton.centerYAnchor, constant: 8).isActive = true
        distanceLabel.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 300)

        pricePerHourLabel.rightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: rightAnchor, constant: -10).isActive = true
        pricePerHourLabel.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: nameLabel.centerYAnchor).isActive = true

        // Distance depeneded on the priceLabel and distance Label
        ratingLabel.rightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: pricePerHourLabel.rightAnchor).isActive = true
        ratingLabel.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: distanceLabel.centerYAnchor).isActive = true

        showCaseImageView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: profileImageButton.bottomAnchor, constant: 10).isActive = true
        showCaseImageView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: widthAnchor).isActive = true
        showCaseImageView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: UIScreen.main.bounds.width - 20).isActive = true

        likesLabel.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: showCaseImageView.bottomAnchor, constant: 10).isActive = true
        likesLabel.leftAnchor.constraint(equalTo: profileImageButton.leftAnchor).isActive = true

        topSeparatorView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: likesLabel.bottomAnchor, constant: 10).isActive = true
        topSeparatorView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: widthAnchor).isActive = true
        topSeparatorView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 0.5).isActive = true

        stackView.addArrangedSubview(likeButton)
        stackView.addArrangedSubview(hireButton)
        stackView.addArrangedSubview(messageButton)

        stackView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: topSeparatorView.bottomAnchor, constant: 4).isActive = true
        stackView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: widthAnchor).isActive = true
        stackView.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: centerXAnchor).isActive = true

        bottomSeparatorView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: stackView.bottomAnchor, constant: 4).isActive = true
        bottomSeparatorView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: widthAnchor).isActive = true
        bottomSeparatorView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: 0.5).isActive = true
    



    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) 
        fatalError("init(coder:) has not been implemented")

【讨论】：

【参考方案5】：

let collection :UICollectionView = 
   let layout = UICollectionViewFlowLayout()
    let collection = UICollectionView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 0, height: 0), collectionViewLayout: layout)
    layout.scrollDirection = .horizontal
    collection.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    collection.backgroundColor = .clear
    return collection
()

【讨论】：

CGRect.zero 也会这样做。

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