如何在 JFrame 中排列多个面板
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【中文标题】如何在 JFrame 中排列多个面板【英文标题】：How to arrange multiple panels in JFrame 【发布时间】：2013-04-10 16:17:47 【问题描述】：我正在尝试制作一个简单的计算器来练习图形（我是一个完整的 GUI 菜鸟）。在 Polyashenkos Calulator 和文本区域以及文本区域和按钮之间的空间之后，我遇到了一些问题。另外，我如何保持该布局但消除空间并使底部的 3 个按钮更小。任何关于我在做什么或我如何能做得更好的提示将不胜感激。谢谢。
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class calculator
public static void main(String[] args)
// creates the JFrame(a window with decorations)
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Calculator");
// stops the program when window is closed
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setSize(377, 350);
// the main panel of the JFrame,
// remembet you cant add content directly to JFrame
JPanel content = new JPanel(new GridLayout(4, 0));
// panel for the text field
JPanel textarea = new JPanel(new GridLayout(4, 0));
// panel for the buttons,
// GridLayout(int rows, int cols, int horiz_gap, int vert_gap)
JPanel buttonarea = new JPanel(new GridLayout(4, 5, 2, 2));
// the panel for the bigger bottom buttons
JPanel secondbuttonarea = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 1, 2, 2));
// the panel for the text on top
JPanel label = new JPanel();
content.add(label);
content.add(textarea);
content.add(buttonarea);
content.add(secondbuttonarea);
JLabel words = new JLabel("Polyashenko's Calculator", JLabel.CENTER);
label.add(words);
JTextField enterhere = new JTextField("0.", JTextField.CENTER);
// will set the curser of the text bar on right side
enterhere.setComponentOrientation(ComponentOrientation.RIGHT_TO_LEFT);
textarea.add(enterhere);
// makes a button called b1 with text in it
JButton b1 = new JButton("BkSP");
// adds the backspace button to the buttonarea panel
buttonarea.add(b1);
JButton b2 = new JButton("CE");
buttonarea.add(b2);
JButton b3 = new JButton("C");
buttonarea.add(b3);
JButton b4 = new JButton("/");
buttonarea.add(b4);
JButton b5 = new JButton("sqrt");
buttonarea.add(b5);
JButton b6 = new JButton("7");
buttonarea.add(b6);
JButton b7 = new JButton("8");
buttonarea.add(b7);
JButton b8 = new JButton("9");
buttonarea.add(b8);
JButton b9 = new JButton("*");
buttonarea.add(b9);
JButton b10 = new JButton("%");
buttonarea.add(b10);
JButton b11 = new JButton("4");
buttonarea.add(b11);
JButton b12 = new JButton("5");
buttonarea.add(b12);
JButton b13 = new JButton("6");
buttonarea.add(b13);
JButton b14 = new JButton("-");
buttonarea.add(b14);
JButton b15 = new JButton("1/x");
buttonarea.add(b15);
JButton b16 = new JButton("1");
buttonarea.add(b16);
JButton b17 = new JButton("2");
buttonarea.add(b17);
JButton b18 = new JButton("3");
buttonarea.add(b18);
JButton b19 = new JButton("+");
buttonarea.add(b19);
JButton b20 = new JButton("+/-");
buttonarea.add(b20);
JButton b21 = new JButton("0");
secondbuttonarea.add(b21);
JButton b22 = new JButton(".");
secondbuttonarea.add(b22);
JButton b23 = new JButton("=");
secondbuttonarea.add(b23);
// adds the buttonarea panel to the main panel
frame.getContentPane().add(content);
// makes the window visible, put at end of program
frame.setVisible(true);
【问题讨论】：
供将来参考：Netbeans 和 MyEclipse 都有一个方便的 Swing GUI WYSIWYG 编辑器，可以轻松完成此操作。你真的需要开始，因为它不需要现有的程序和帮助。 @user2146529 请忽略上面的射击，错误的建议，你的方法很好，你不是GUI_Builders的囚徒 @user2146529 在这里搜索Java + Swing + Calculator 【参考方案1】：Hovercraft Full Of Eels (-: forums.sun.com :-) 的课程之一
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Window;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class SciCalc
private static void createAndShowUI()
SciCalcGui gui = new SciCalcGui();
SciCalcMenu menu = new SciCalcMenu(gui);
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Calculator");
frame.getContentPane().add(gui.getMainPanel());
frame.setJMenuBar(menu.getJMenuBar());
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
public static void main(String[] args)
java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable()
@Override
public void run()
createAndShowUI();
);
private SciCalc()
class SciCalcGui
private static final String[][] STANDARD_BTN_TEXTS =
"7", "8", "9", "/", "4", "5", "6", "*",
"1", "2", "3", "-", "0", ".", "=", "+";
private static final String[][] SCIENTIFIC_BTN_TEXTS =
"sqrt", "1/x", "sin", "%", "Exp", "cos",
"x^y", "ln", "tan", "x^2", "n!", "sec";
private static final int GAP = 5;
private static final Font BTN_FONT = new Font(Font.DIALOG, Font.BOLD, 20);
private JPanel mainPanel = new JPanel();
private JPanel sciPanel;
private JTextField display = new JTextField();
SciCalcGui()
display.setFont(BTN_FONT);
JPanel standardPanel = createBtnPanel(STANDARD_BTN_TEXTS, "Standard");
sciPanel = createBtnPanel(SCIENTIFIC_BTN_TEXTS, "Scientific");
mainPanel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
mainPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(GAP, GAP, GAP, GAP));
mainPanel.add(standardPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
mainPanel.add(sciPanel, BorderLayout.WEST);
mainPanel.add(display, BorderLayout.NORTH);
sciPanel.setVisible(false);
public void sciPanelSetVisible(boolean visible)
sciPanel.setVisible(visible);
Window win = SwingUtilities.getWindowAncestor(mainPanel);
win.pack();
public JPanel getMainPanel()
return mainPanel;
private JPanel createBtnPanel(String[][] texts, String title)
JPanel btnPanel = new JPanel();
int rows = texts.length;
int cols = texts[0].length;
btnPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(rows, cols, GAP, GAP));
for (int row = 0; row < texts.length; row++)
for (int col = 0; col < texts[row].length; col++)
JButton btn = new JButton(texts[row][col]);
btn.setFont(BTN_FONT);
btnPanel.add(btn);
btnPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(title));
return btnPanel;
class SciCalcMenu
private static final String STANDARD = "Standard";
private static final String SCIENTIFIC = "Scientific";
private SciCalcGui gui;
private JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
private JMenuItem standardView;
private JMenuItem scientificView;
SciCalcMenu(SciCalcGui gui)
this.gui = gui;
standardView = new JMenuItem(STANDARD, KeyEvent.VK_T);
scientificView = new JMenuItem(SCIENTIFIC, KeyEvent.VK_S);
ViewAction viewAction = new ViewAction();
standardView.addActionListener(viewAction);
scientificView.addActionListener(viewAction);
standardView.setEnabled(false);
JMenu viewMenu = new JMenu("View");
viewMenu.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_V);
viewMenu.add(standardView);
viewMenu.add(scientificView);
menuBar.add(new JMenu("Edit"));
menuBar.add(viewMenu);
menuBar.add(new JMenu("Help"));
public JMenuBar getJMenuBar()
return menuBar;
private class ViewAction implements ActionListener
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
String command = e.getActionCommand();
if (command.equals(STANDARD))
gui.sciPanelSetVisible(false);
standardView.setEnabled(false);
scientificView.setEnabled(true);
else if (command.equals(SCIENTIFIC))
gui.sciPanelSetVisible(true);
standardView.setEnabled(true);
scientificView.setEnabled(false);
【讨论】：
【参考方案2】：GridLayout 在这种情况下看起来不会很好。
内容扩展以填充网格中的框。您只能对行和列之间的间距进行最少的控制。
您可能需要更改布局以使其看起来符合您的要求。 GridBagLayout 拥有所有控制权，但更难配置。
有时您可以使用BorderLayout 和GridLayout 嵌套面板以使其看起来合理。但它是 Swing，这意味着它可以使用，但很难让它看起来光滑。
我总是喜欢将FlowLayout 用于确定/取消按钮。在我看来，它们看起来最好，您可以将它们全部向左、向右或居中推。您的计算器按钮应该可以很好地与 GridLayout 配合使用，但您不能轻易拥有高大的“Enter”按钮或宽大的“0”按钮。
例如，尝试使用垂直的BoxLayout，而不是 4 高 x 1 宽的网格。
【讨论】：
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