在 C# 中创建正弦波或方波

Posted 2023-02-14

【中文标题】在 C# 中创建正弦波或方波

【英文标题】：Creating sine or square wave in C#

【发布时间】：2010-09-17 06:17:27

【问题描述】：

如何生成给定频率的音频正弦波或方波？

我希望这样做是为了校准设备，那么这些波有多精确？

【问题讨论】：

最好使用真正的信号发生器（已知校准）

【参考方案1】：

使用 Math.NET 数值

https://numerics.mathdotnet.com/Generate.html

正弦曲线

生成给定长度的正弦波数组。这相当于 将缩放的三角正弦函数应用于周期性锯齿 幅度为 2π。

s(x)=A⋅sin(2πνx+θ)

Generate.Sinusoidal(length,samplingRate,frequency,amplitude,mean,phase,delay)

例如

 Generate.Sinusoidal(15, 1000.0, 100.0, 10.0);

返回数组 0, 5.9, 9.5, 9.5, 5.9, 0, -5.9, ...

还有

Generate.Square(...

这会

创建一个周期性方波...

无法谈论精确度。

【参考方案2】：

您可以使用NAudio 并创建一个派生的WaveStream 输出正弦波或方波，您可以将其输出到声卡或写入WAV 文件。如果您使用 32 位浮点样本，您可以直接从 sin 函数中写入值，而无需缩放，因为它已经在 -1 和 1 之间。

至于准确度，您是指完全正确的频率，还是完全正确的波形？没有真正的方波这样的东西，即使是正弦波也可能在其他频率上有一些非常安静的伪影。如果重要的是频率的准确性，那么您将依赖声卡中时钟的稳定性和准确性。话虽如此，我想对于大多数用途来说，准确性已经足够了。

下面是一些示例代码，它以 8 kHz 采样率和 16 位样本（即非浮点）生成 1 kHz 样本：

int sampleRate = 8000;
short[] buffer = new short[8000];
double amplitude = 0.25 * short.MaxValue;
double frequency = 1000;
for (int n = 0; n < buffer.Length; n++)

    buffer[n] = (short)(amplitude * Math.Sin((2 * Math.PI * n * frequency) / sampleRate));

【讨论】：

这里没有真正的方波，甚至没有正弦波：非常正确，我实际上是指频率，谢谢

【参考方案3】：

从Creating sine and save to wave file in C#试试

private void TestSine()

    IntPtr format;
    byte[] data;
    GetSineWave(1000, 100, 44100, -1, out format, out data);
    WaveWriter ww = new WaveWriter(File.Create(@"d:\work\sine.wav"),
        AudioCompressionManager.FormatBytes(format));
    ww.WriteData(data);
    ww.Close();


private void GetSineWave(double freq, int durationMs, int sampleRate, short decibel, out IntPtr format, out byte[] data)

    short max = dB2Short(decibel);//short.MaxValue
    double fs = sampleRate; // sample freq
    int len = sampleRate * durationMs / 1000;
    short[] data16Bit = new short[len];
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
    
        double t = (double)i / fs; // current time
        data16Bit[i] = (short)(Math.Sin(2 * Math.PI * t * freq) * max);
    
    IntPtr format1 = AudioCompressionManager.GetPcmFormat(1, 16, (int)fs);
    byte[] data1 = new byte[data16Bit.Length * 2];
    Buffer.BlockCopy(data16Bit, 0, data1, 0, data1.Length);
    format = format1;
    data = data1;


private static short dB2Short(double dB)

    double times = Math.Pow(10, dB / 10);
    return (short)(short.MaxValue * times);

【参考方案4】：

这可以让您给出频率、持续时间和幅度，它是 100% 的 .NET CLR 代码。没有外部DLL。它通过创建 WAV 格式的 MemoryStream 来工作，这就像只在内存中创建文件，而不将其存储到磁盘。然后它会播放 MemoryStream 和 System.Media.SoundPlayer。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Windows.Forms;

public static void PlayBeep(UInt16 frequency, int msDuration, UInt16 volume = 16383)

    var mStrm = new MemoryStream();
    BinaryWriter writer = new BinaryWriter(mStrm);

    const double TAU = 2 * Math.PI;
    int formatChunkSize = 16;
    int headerSize = 8;
    short formatType = 1;
    short tracks = 1;
    int samplesPerSecond = 44100;
    short bitsPerSample = 16;
    short frameSize = (short)(tracks * ((bitsPerSample + 7) / 8));
    int bytesPerSecond = samplesPerSecond * frameSize;
    int waveSize = 4;
    int samples = (int)((decimal)samplesPerSecond * msDuration / 1000);
    int dataChunkSize = samples * frameSize;
    int fileSize = waveSize + headerSize + formatChunkSize + headerSize + dataChunkSize;
    // var encoding = new System.Text.UTF8Encoding();
    writer.Write(0x46464952); // = encoding.GetBytes("RIFF")
    writer.Write(fileSize);
    writer.Write(0x45564157); // = encoding.GetBytes("WAVE")
    writer.Write(0x20746D66); // = encoding.GetBytes("fmt ")
    writer.Write(formatChunkSize);
    writer.Write(formatType);
    writer.Write(tracks);
    writer.Write(samplesPerSecond);
    writer.Write(bytesPerSecond);
    writer.Write(frameSize);
    writer.Write(bitsPerSample);
    writer.Write(0x61746164); // = encoding.GetBytes("data")
    writer.Write(dataChunkSize);
    
        double theta = frequency * TAU / (double)samplesPerSecond;
        // 'volume' is UInt16 with range 0 thru Uint16.MaxValue ( = 65 535)
        // we need 'amp' to have the range of 0 thru Int16.MaxValue ( = 32 767)
        double amp = volume >> 2; // so we simply set amp = volume / 2
        for (int step = 0; step < samples; step++)
        
            short s = (short)(amp * Math.Sin(theta * (double)step));
            writer.Write(s);
        
    

    mStrm.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
    new System.Media.SoundPlayer(mStrm).Play();
    writer.Close();
    mStrm.Close();
 // public static void PlayBeep(UInt16 frequency, int msDuration, UInt16 volume = 16383)