如何将 2 个图像与 PHP（GD-GD2 库）混合，如乘法、颜色燃烧、颜色道奇等

Posted 2023-02-22

【中文标题】如何将 2 个图像与 PHP（GD-GD2 库）混合，如乘法、颜色燃烧、颜色道奇等

【英文标题】：How to blend 2 images with PHP (GD-GD2 Library) like multiply, colorburn, colordodge and others

【发布时间】：2013-03-16 15:12:56

【问题描述】：

我想用 GD 库在 php 中混合两个图像——例如乘法、叠加和其他混合模式。

我的图片 = İimage1.jpg -- imageblend.jpg 或 image3.png

请帮我写例子还是一步一步教我？我找到了一些示例，但它们不起作用。

【问题讨论】：

感谢@ultranaut 的编辑。

【参考方案1】：

在 GD 中内置的混合模式并不多，因此您必须自己实现它们。不幸的是，它会比原生 C 实现慢得多，但这是可能的。只需加载两个图像并遍历整个基础图像，应用混合模式将每个单独的像素从顶部图像复制到基础图像。加/减/乘真的很简单，正常的 alpha 混合相当简单（尽管只要你正确使用 imagealphablending，alpha 混合就内置了）。我不知道颜色加深或颜色减淡的算法，但我相信快速搜索会找到如何做到这一点。至于overlay，原来在复制顶图之前使用imagelayereffect其实是GD内置的。

我从permadi.com 中提取了这段代码以获得叠加效果。我还添加了一些用于乘法效果的替代代码，以向您展示如何将 PHP 用于混合模式算法。此代码假定顶部图像在任一维度上都不大于基本图像。

<?php
// GD images can be true-color or indexed color. This makes a difference for getting
// and setting pixels so we'll take note of each image.
// Load the base image. For overlays, this should be the template ("overlay.png" in source)
$baseImage = imagecreatefrompng("base.png");
$baseIsTrueColor = imageistruecolor($baseImage);
// Load the image to blend on top.
$topImage = imagecreatefrompng("top.png");
$topIsTrueColor = imageistruecolor($topImage);

// Get image dimensions
$baseWidth  = imagesx($baseImage);
$baseHeight = imagesy($baseImage);
$topWidth   = imagesx($topImage);
$topHeight  = imagesy($topImage);

// Destination X and Y - these values will center $topImage within $baseImage:
$destX = ($baseWidth - $topWidth) / 2;
$destY = ($baseHeight - $topHeight) / 2;

// OVERLAY MODE 
  // This line causes all GD operations to use the overlay algorithm
  // when blending pixels together.
  imagelayereffect($baseImage, IMG_EFFECT_OVERLAY);
  // Blend the top image onto the base image.
  imagecopy(
    $baseImage, // destination
    $topImage, // source
    // destination x and y
    $destX, $destY,
    // x, y, width, and height of the area of the source to copy
    0, 0, $topWidth, $topHeight);
//  OVERLAY

// MULTIPLY MODE 
  // Because we can't just use imagecopy, we have to iterate over all the pixels in
  // the entire image in order to apply the multiply algorithm to each individual pixel.
  // There is probably an easier way to handle true-color vs. indexed color in this
  // section but without testing the code this was the most likely to work. Depending on
  // how `imagecolorsforindex` and `imagecolorclosestalpha` work this section might work
  // a lot simpler.
  for ($x = 0; $x < $topWidth; ++$x) 
    for ($y = 0; $y < $topHeight; ++$y) 
      // First get the colors for the base and top pixels.
      $color = imagecolorat($baseImage, $x + $destX, $y + $destY);
      // If the image is true-color, we simply use bitwise operations to separate out
      // red, green, blue, and alpha from the result of imagecolorat above.
      if ($baseIsTrueColor) 
        $baseColor = array(
          'red'   => ($color >> 16) & 0xFF,
          'green' => ($color >> 8) & 0xFF,
          'blue'  => $color & 0xFF,
          'alpha' => ($color & 0x7F000000) >> 24,
        );
      
      // If the image uses indexed color, we can get the color components by looking up
      // the color index in the image's color table.
      else 
        $baseColor = imagecolorsforindex($baseImage, $color);
      

      $color = imagecolorat($topImage, $x, $y);
      // If the image is true-color, we simply use bitwise operations to separate out
      // red, green, blue, and alpha from the result of imagecolorat above.
      if ($topIsTrueColor) 
        $topColor = array(
          'red'   => ($color >> 16) & 0xFF,
          'green' => ($color >> 8) & 0xFF,
          'blue'  => $color & 0xFF,
          'alpha' => ($color & 0x7F000000) >> 24,
        );
      
      // If the image uses indexed color, we can get the color components by looking up
      // the color index in the image's color table.
      else 
        $topColor = imagecolorsforindex($topImage, $color);
      

      // Now perform the multiply algorithm.
      $destColor = array(
        'red'   => intval($baseColor['red']   * ($topColor['red']   / 255.0)),
        'green' => intval($baseColor['green'] * ($topColor['green'] / 255.0)),
        'blue'  => intval($baseColor['blue']  * ($topColor['blue']  / 255.0)),
        'alpha' => intval($baseColor['alpha'] * ($topColor['alpha'] / 127.0)),
      );

      // Now set the destination pixel.
      $colorIndex = imagecolorallocatealpha($baseImage, $destColor['red'], $destColor['green'], $destColor['blue'], $destColor['alpha']);
      // If we failed to allocate the color, try to find the already allocated color
      // that is closest to what we want.
      if ($colorIndex === FALSE) 
        $colorIndex = imagecolorclosestalpha($baseImage, $destColor['red'], $destColor['green'], $destColor['blue'], $destColor['alpha']);
      
      // Now that we have a valid color index, set the pixel to that color.
      imagesetpixel($baseImage, $x + $destX, $y + $destY, $colorIndex);
    
  
//  MULTIPLY

// Set type of image and send the output
header("Content-type: image/png");
imagepng($baseImage);

// Release memory
imagedestroy($baseImage);
imagedestroy($topImage);     
?>

我没有测试过代码，所以它可能无法正常工作，而且几乎可以肯定它比它需要的更复杂，但它应该作为你自己做这些事情的一个很好的起点。

【讨论】：

谢谢 @meustrus.. 我发现了一些算法 İts Wroten on php clases。但我不明白。我想学它。循序渐进

我添加了一些代码来向您展示如何实现叠加和乘法混合模式。

非常感谢@meustrus.. 该代码对我很有帮助..您的描述对学习此代码很有帮助.. 小心 meustrus..跨度>

乘法完美。谢谢你！有人知道它如何适用于其他混合模式吗？

刚刚做了一个快速的谷歌搜索，发现了这个：deepskycolors.com/archive/2010/04/21/…。所以对于颜色燃烧（1 - （1-目标）/混合），你会为每种颜色执行此操作：'red' => intval(255.0 - (255.0 - $topColor['red']) / $baseColor['red']))