如何解决 .NET Core 包版本冲突

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【中文标题】如何解决 .NET Core 包版本冲突【英文标题】：How to resolve .NET Core package version conflicts 【发布时间】：2019-10-30 03:33:31 【问题描述】：

我正在从一个 .NET MVC 5 Web 应用程序迁移到一个 .NET Core 2.2 Web API 项目以及五个 .NET Standard 2.0 项目，它们都位于一个解决方案下。

我现在收到 28 条关于包冲突的警告 (MSB3277)，它们都在 System 命名空间内。例如，Version=4.0.11.0 和Version=4.0.14.0 之间的System.Collections.Concurrent 似乎存在版本冲突（请参阅下面的错误块）。

已尝试故障排除：

    我尝试卸载所有我不使用的 .NET Core SDK，目前安装了2.2.300。那没有用。 我尝试在解决方案级别进入 NuGet 以安装缺少的程序集，但选择列表中甚至没有 4.0.14。我可以从以下版本中进行选择：4.3、4.0.12、4.0.10 和 4.0.0。我确实尝试在所有项目中安装4.3，但没有奏效。 Web 上的其他解决方案似乎建议降低 SDK 上的版本或在 *.csproj 文件中硬编码引用 - 如果我不必这样做，我都不喜欢这样做。我不喜欢前者，因为向后移动似乎违反直觉，我不喜欢后者，因为硬编码修复永久使用旧包，这似乎是一个非常糟糕的主意，因为它似乎不太可能更新到发布的新版本。

有谁知道如何解决这些警告？非常感谢任何帮助。

构建时出现警告之一的详细输出：

Line 5419: 3>    Dependency "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.14.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a".
Line 5420: 3>        Could not resolve this reference. Could not locate the assembly "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.14.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a". Check to make sure the assembly exists on disk. If this reference is required by your code, you may get compilation errors.
Line 5675: 3>    There was a conflict between "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.11.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" and "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.14.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a".
Line 5675: 3>    There was a conflict between "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.11.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" and "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.14.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a".
Line 5676: 3>        "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.11.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" was chosen because it was primary and "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.14.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" was not.
Line 5676: 3>        "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.11.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" was chosen because it was primary and "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.14.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" was not.
Line 5677: 3>        References which depend on "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.11.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" [C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk\NuGetFallbackFolder\netstandard.library\2.0.3\build\netstandard2.0\ref\System.Collections.Concurrent.dll].
Line 5677: 3>        References which depend on "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.11.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" [C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk\NuGetFallbackFolder\netstandard.library\2.0.3\build\netstandard2.0\ref\System.Collections.Concurrent.dll].

更新

更多疑难解答：

https://github.com/dotnet/standard/issues/731

https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/issues/32561

这是微软的错误吗？

构建列出所有 28 个警告的最小输出：

3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Collections.Concurrent" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Collections" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Collections.NonGeneric" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.ComponentModel" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Diagnostics.Debug" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Diagnostics.Process" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Diagnostics.Tracing" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.IO.FileSystem" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Linq" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Net.Primitives" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Net.Security" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Resources.ResourceManager" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Runtime" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Runtime.Extensions" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeInformation" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Security.Cryptography.Algorithms" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Security.Cryptography.Csp" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Security.Cryptography.Encoding" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Security.Cryptography.Primitives" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Text.Encoding.Extensions" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Text.RegularExpressions" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Threading" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Threading.Tasks" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Threading.ThreadPool" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Threading.Timer" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Memory" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.

【问题讨论】：

您是否检查了网络配置中对这些版本的引用？ 这对您有帮助吗youtube.com/watch?v=shn3gL_UJ38？第一条评论中有时间戳。在 (12:42) 是“审查 3rd 方 NuGet 包”。 @Matt 考虑到有问题的项目不使用任何第 3 方 NuGet 包，这似乎并不适用。这似乎是 .NET Standard 2.0 的问题。请查看我刚刚发布的更新。 按照警告说的做。将构建输出设置为详细。 @CodeCaster 如果您查看我的第一个代码块，您会发现我已经这样做了。第二个代码块只是一个带有警告的所有项目的列表。 【参考方案1】：

这里的问题是至少针对“System.Collections.Concurrent”的强命名和混合程序集版本，但可能针对所有 28 个警告。

我尝试在解决方案级别进入 NuGet 以安装缺少的程序集，但选择列表中甚至没有 4.0.14。

您看到的版本是 NuGet 版本，与程序集版本不同。例如NuGet 版本 4.3.0-preview1-24530-04 具有适用于 .NET 标准 1.3 的程序集版本 4.0.13.0：

请注意，在同一个包中，netcore50 的汇编版本是 4.0.10.0！

这是微软的错误吗？

不，这是一项功能。当程序集为 strong named. 时，完整版本应匹配。如果没有，这将给出警告。不使用 GAC 时，只能发布程序集的一个版本 - 如果使用多个版本，则使用哪个版本？注意——所有微软的程序集都是强命名的。

这里的问题：

您正在包含一个（强命名）程序集，该程序集构建到 System.Collections.Concurrent 程序集版本 4.0.14.0 您正在（间接）在应用程序程序集版本 4.0.11.0 中使用 System.Collections.Concurrent 程序集。

所以一个程序集有两个版本！

解决方案

有多种可能的解决方案：

    对 System.Collections.Concurrent 使用相同的程序集版本（您需要找出哪个 NuGet 包是程序集版本 4.0.14.0）。这在大多数情况下是不可行的。 将版本 4.0.11.0 和 4.0.14.0 安装到 GAC 中 - 这几天也不是一个非常流行的选项 -> .NET Core 不可能，因为 .NET Core 没有 GAC。见Is there any GAC equivalent for .NET Core?

    在您的 .config 中使用 <bindingRedirect>。见Redirecting Assembly Versions | Microsoft Docs

    例如对于“System.Collections.Concurrent”：

    <dependentAssembly>
    <assemblyIdentity name="System.Collections.Concurrent" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" />
    <bindingRedirect oldVersion="4.0.0.0-4.0.14.0" newVersion="4.0.11.0" />
</dependentAssembly>

结语

有 28 个版本问题，但有一个很大的变化是通过单个 bindingRedirect 解决了多个问题。所以最好的方法是从一个（最好是最顶层的）开始，然后重新构建并重复，直到所有问题都解决。

还请注意，降级程序集有点棘手，例如，基于 4.0.13.0 构建的程序集可以使用 4.0.11.0+ 中引入/更改的功能。因此，您还可以更新您的版本并在“newVersion”属性中使用该版本

【讨论】：

感谢您的详细解答。问题：通过将 bindingRedirect 应用到旧版本，这是否意味着我将永远使用这个旧包进行硬编码，从而无法自动升级到新版本？如果是这种情况，我是否需要在将来的某个时间手动升级它？ 这是配置，所以没有硬编码。在部署另一个版本的 System.Collections.Concurrent 时 - 例如在未来的版本中 - 您需要更新 newVersion 属性以使版本匹配。 是否有可能不必这样做？根据其中一个 GitHub 链接，有人提到它似乎要到 .NET Standard 2.1 才能解决。与此同时，他们转而使用 .NET Core。如果可能的话，我会尽量避免这样做。但必要时会追究前者。 您可以尝试添加到您的 csprojs &lt;AutoGenerateBindingRedirects&gt;true&lt;/AutoGenerateBindingRedirects&gt; &lt;GenerateBindingRedirectsOutputType&gt;true&lt;/GenerateBindingRedirectsOutputType&gt;，但不确定这是否适用于这种情况。 是的。在你的帮助下，我能够做到。谢谢你。 NuGet 包资源管理器帮助我揭开了它的神秘面纱 - 我不知道该工具，它需要一些工作才能将其安装在 Windows 7 上。无论如何，看到框架之间的差异暗示我复制的 using 语句过度给它带来了问题。因此，我在没有 using 语句的情况下重新迁移了项目，然后在智能感知的帮助下重新包含它们。【参考方案2】：

为每个程序集绑定重定向 (bindingRedirect)，您可以在配置中手动执行此操作，或者在项目文件属性中有一个选项。 检查它然后升级。

【讨论】：

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