ASP.NET MVC AspNetUserClaims 如何读取、写入和更新表中的数据?
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【中文标题】ASP.NET MVC AspNetUserClaims 如何读取、写入和更新表中的数据?【英文标题】:ASP.NET MVC AspNetUserClaims How can I read, write and update data in the table? 【发布时间】:2018-04-15 21:27:00 【问题描述】:这是我在 *** 中的第一个问题 :) 所以请不要评判我强 :) 好的。我们开始吧。
我是 ASP.NET MVC 框架的新手,并试图在我的网站中实现多语言。所以我在 _LoginPartial.cshtml 中添加了下拉语言列表:
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">@(MEDONET.Resources.IndexTexts.Language)<b class="caret"></b></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li>@Html.ActionLink("Кыргызча", "Change", "Language", new lang = "ky" , null)</li>
<li>@Html.ActionLink("Русский", "Change", "Language", new lang = "ru" , null)</li>
<li>@Html.ActionLink("English", "Change", "Language", new lang = "en" , null)</li>
<li>@Html.ActionLink("O'zbekcha", "Change", "Language", new lang = "uz" , null)</li>
</ul>
</li>
如您所见,我将选定的语言缩写传递给语言控制器的 Change 方法。在 LanguageController 中,我的代码如下所示:
public ActionResult Change(string lang)
if (lang != null)
if (User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
//var user = _userManager.FindByName(User.Identity.Name);
//_userManager.AddClaim(user.Id, new Claim("Language", lang));
//var claims = _userManager.GetClaims(user.Id);
////User.RemoveClaimIfExists("Language");
////var claims = new List<Claim>();
ApplicationDbContext mycontext = new ApplicationDbContext();
UserStore<ApplicationUser> mystore = new UserStore<ApplicationUser>(mycontext);
ApplicationUserManager UserMan = new ApplicationUserManager(mystore);
//ApplicationUser _user = UserMan.FindById(User.Identity.GetUserId());
UserMan.AddClaim(User.Identity.GetUserId(), new Claim("Language", lang));
//UserMan.RemoveClaim(User.Identity.GetUserId(), User.GetClaim("Language"));
//User.AddClaim(lang);
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(lang);
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = new CultureInfo(lang);
HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie("Language");
cookie.Value = lang;
Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);
return Redirect(Request.UrlReferrer.ToString());
return Redirect(Request.UrlReferrer.ToString());
如您所见,我尝试了很多不同的方法来实现该功能。经过一天的折磨,它开始起作用了。但我不确定我的 Frankenshtain 是向 AspNetUserClaims 表写入声明的最佳方式。所以这是我的第一个问题:
1) 如何改进我的索赔代码编写?
第二个问题很接近第一个问题:
2) 如何更新现有用户声明?
对于我的知识水平问题,最后第三个明显的问题是:
3) 如何读取存储的声明?
一旦设置声明需要在接下来的会话中阅读。因此,我创建了 Claims 类,并在其中添加了这个
public static string GetClaimValue(this IPrincipal currentPrincipal, string key)
var identity = currentPrincipal.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;
if (identity == null)
return null;
var claim = identity.Claims.FirstOrDefault(c => c.Type == key);
return claim?.Value;
编码并从 AccountController 的 Login 方法调用它:
[AllowAnonymous]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<ActionResult> Login(LoginViewModel model, string returnUrl)
if (!ModelState.IsValid)
return View(model);
// This doesn't count login failures towards account lockout
// To enable password failures to trigger account lockout, change to shouldLockout: true
var result = await SignInManager.PasswordSignInAsync(model.Email, model.Password, model.RememberMe, shouldLockout: false);
switch (result)
case SignInStatus.Success:
HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie("Language");
string lang = GetClaimValue("Language");
if (lang == null) // language was not selected befor
lang = "ru";
Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(cookie.Value);
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = new CultureInfo(cookie.Value);
return RedirectToLocal(returnUrl);
case SignInStatus.LockedOut:
return View("Lockout");
case SignInStatus.RequiresVerification:
return RedirectToAction("SendCode", new ReturnUrl = returnUrl, RememberMe = model.RememberMe );
case SignInStatus.Failure:
default:
ModelState.AddModelError("", "Invalid login attempt.");
return View(model);
你可能猜到我总是得到俄语而不是吉尔吉斯语,它存储在 AspNetUserClaims 表中的缩写“ky”。
就是这样 :) 我希望这里没有太多的桌面谈话。请帮帮我!
【问题讨论】:
【参考方案1】:我将跳过您的第一个问题,因为如果不查看您使用声明代码的所有上下文,我很难回答。但是,对于您的其他问题:
2) 如何更新现有用户声明?
您可以使用这样的方法:
public static void AddUpdateClaim(this IPrincipal currentPrincipal, string key, string value)
var identity = currentPrincipal.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;
if (identity == null)
return;
// check for existing claim and remove it
var existingClaim = identity.FindFirst(key);
if (existingClaim != null)
identity.RemoveClaim(existingClaim);
// add new claim
identity.AddClaim(new Claim(key, value));
var authenticationManager = HttpContext.Current.GetOwinContext().Authentication;
authenticationManager.AuthenticationResponseGrant = new AuthenticationResponseGrant(new ClaimsPrincipal(identity), new AuthenticationProperties() IsPersistent = true );
现在您可以像这样从任何控制器使用它:
User.AddUpdateClaim("Language", "ru");
3) 如何读取存储的声明?
类似这样的:
public static string GetClaimValue(this IPrincipal principal, string type)
var user = principal as ClaimsPrincipal;
var claim = user.Claims.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Type == type);
if (claim != null) return claim.Value;
throw new Exception($"Claim with type type not set");
这两种方法都是扩展方法,可用于 Controller.User 对象。
编辑:作为对您评论的回应,您可以通过以下方式创建声明身份:
var ident = new ClaimsIdentity(
new[]
new Claim("http://schemas.microsoft.com/accesscontrolservice/2010/07/claims/identityprovider", "ASP.NET Identity", "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"),
,
DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);
//Add default language to claims
ident.AddClaim(new Claim("Language", "ru"));
HttpContext.GetOwinContext().Authentication.SignIn(ident);
【讨论】:
感谢您的回答!我已经尝试过这段代码,但无缘无故它不起作用。 此代码 var user = currentPrincipal as ClaimsPrincipal; var claim = user.Claims.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Type == type); if (claim != null) return claim.Value;否则返回“uz”;总是返回我'uz'而不是存储在表中的'en' 添加了一些额外的代码,例如。这通常用于登录方法 不,兄弟,我已成功向商店添加值,但无法从那里检索它们 好吧,如果您尝试再次检索它们时它们为空,那么您似乎没有成功添加这些值【参考方案2】:用于更新声明
// GET: Language
public ActionResult Change(string lang)
if(lang != null)
if(User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
var claims = new List<Claim>();
ApplicationDbContext mycontext = new ApplicationDbContext();
UserStore<ApplicationUser> mystore = new UserStore<ApplicationUser>(mycontext);
ApplicationUserManager UserMan = new ApplicationUserManager(mystore);
ApplicationUser _user = UserMan.FindById(User.Identity.GetUserId());
var claim = _user.Claims.FirstOrDefault(c => c.ClaimType == "Language");
if (claim != null) // User have Language claim the table
if (claim.ClaimValue != lang) // and chosen language doesn't match it
UserMan.RemoveClaim(User.Identity.GetUserId(), new Claim("Language", claim.ClaimValue));
UserMan.AddClaimAsync(User.Identity.GetUserId(), new Claim("Language", lang));
else if(claim == null)
UserMan.AddClaimAsync(User.Identity.GetUserId(), new Claim("Language", lang));
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(lang);
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = new CultureInfo(lang);
HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie("Language");
cookie.Value = lang;
Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);
return Redirect(Request.UrlReferrer.ToString());
return Redirect(Request.UrlReferrer.ToString());
在此更改操作中,我实际上是在阅读声明,但如果想在登录时阅读它,我会这样做:
[HttpPost]
[AllowAnonymous]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<ActionResult> Login(LoginViewModel model, string returnUrl)
if (!ModelState.IsValid)
return View(model);
// This doesn't count login failures towards account lockout
// To enable password failures to trigger account lockout, change to shouldLockout: true
var result = await SignInManager.PasswordSignInAsync(model.Email, model.Password, model.RememberMe, shouldLockout: false);
switch (result)
case SignInStatus.Success:
HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie("Language");
cookie.Value = "ru";
var user = UserManager.FindByEmail(model.Email);
var claim = user.Claims.FirstOrDefault(c => c.ClaimType == "Language");
if (claim == null)
cookie.Value = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.Name.ToString(); // interface language used befor logining in
else
cookie.Value = claim.ClaimValue; // Language from the UserClaim
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture(cookie.Value);
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = new CultureInfo(cookie.Value);
Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);
return RedirectToLocal(returnUrl);
case SignInStatus.LockedOut:
return View("Lockout");
case SignInStatus.RequiresVerification:
return RedirectToAction("SendCode", new ReturnUrl = returnUrl, RememberMe = model.RememberMe );
case SignInStatus.Failure:
default:
ModelState.AddModelError("", "Invalid login attempt.");
return View(model);
【讨论】:
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