有没有办法在没有 Windows 询问“你想如何打开这个文件”的情况下在 python 中发送电子邮件？

Posted 2023-02-19

【中文标题】有没有办法在没有 Windows 询问“你想如何打开这个文件”的情况下在 python 中发送电子邮件？

【英文标题】：Is there a way to send emails in python without Windows asking you "How you want to open this file"?

【发布时间】：2021-12-31 13:26:08

【问题描述】：

我正在设计一种无需支付服务器费用即可拥有在线游戏的方法。为此，我使用以下库：

import imaplib, smtplib, ssl
import email
from email.header import decode_header
import webbrowser
import os
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

现在邮件可以正常工作了，但只要我运行读取或写入邮件命令（此处显示：）

def writeMail(data, fileName = ""):
        username = mail.username
        password = mail.password
        message = MIMEMultipart("alternative")
        if(fileName == ""):
            message["Subject"] = "00302"
        else:
            message["Subject"] = "00302#"+fileName
        message["From"] = username
        message["To"] = username
        text = str(data)
        html = ""
        # Turn these into plain/html MIMEText objects
        part1 = MIMEText(text, "plain")
        part2 = MIMEText(html, "html")
        # Add HTML/plain-text parts to MIMEMultipart message
        # The email client will try to render the last part first
        message.attach(part1)
        message.attach(part2)
    
        # Create secure connection with server and send email
        context = ssl.create_default_context()
        with smtplib.SMTP_SSL("smtp.gmail.com", 465, context=context) as server:
            server.login(username, password)
            server.sendmail(username, username, message.as_string())
    
    def clean(text):
        # clean text for creating a folder
        return "".join(c if c.isalnum() else "_" for c in text)
    
    def readMail(fileName = ""):
        username = mail.username
        password = mail.password
        work = False
        # create an IMAP4 class with SSL 
        imap = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL("imap.gmail.com")
        # authenticate
        imap.login(username, password)
        
        status, messages = imap.select("INBOX")
        # total number of emails
        messages = int(messages[0])
        
        for i in range(messages, 0, -1):
            # fetch the email message by ID
            res, msg = imap.fetch(str(i), "(RFC822)")
            for response in msg:
                if isinstance(response, tuple):
                    # parse a bytes email into a message object
                    msg = email.message_from_bytes(response[1])
                    # decode the email subject
                    subject, encoding = decode_header(msg["Subject"])[0]
                    if isinstance(subject, bytes):
                        # if it's a bytes, decode to str
                        subject = subject.decode(encoding)
                    # decode email sender
                    From, encoding = decode_header(msg.get("From"))[0]
                    if isinstance(From, bytes):
                        fFrom = From.decode(encoding)
                    # if the email message is multipart
                    if msg.is_multipart():
                        # iterate over email parts
                        for part in msg.walk():
                            # extract content type of email
                            content_type = part.get_content_type()
                            content_disposition = str(part.get("Content-Disposition"))
                            try:
                                # get the email body
                                body = part.get_payload(decode=True).decode()
                            except:
                                pass
                            if content_type == "text/plain" and "attachment" not in content_disposition:
                                # print text/plain emails and skip attachments
                                mail.body = body
                            if "attachment" in content_disposition:
                                # download attachment
                                filename = part.get_filename()
                                if filename:
                                    folder_name = mail.clean(subject)
                                    if not os.path.isdir(folder_name):
                                        # make a folder for this email (named after the subject)
                                        os.mkdir(folder_name)
                                    filepath = os.path.join(folder_name, filename)
                                    # download attachment and save it
                                    open(filepath, "wb").write(part.get_payload(decode=True))
                    else:
                        # extract content type of email
                        content_type = msg.get_content_type()
                        # get the email body
                        body = msg.get_payload(decode=True).decode()
                        #if content_type == "text/plain":
                        #    # print only text email parts
                        #    print(body)
                    if content_type == "text/html":
                        # if it's HTML, create a new HTML file and open it in browser
                        folder_name = mail.clean(subject)
                        if not os.path.isdir(folder_name):
                            # make a folder for this email (named after the subject)
                            os.mkdir(folder_name)
                        filename = "index.html"
                        filepath = os.path.join(folder_name, filename)
                        # write the file
                        open(filepath, "w").write(body)
                        # open in the default browser
                        webbrowser.open(filepath)
            if(fileName == ""):
                if(subject == "00302"):
                    work = True
                    break
            else:
                if(subject == "00302#"+fileName):
                    work = True
                    break
                
        # close the connection and logout
        imap.close()
        imap.logout()
        if(work):
            return mail.body

起初，Windows 询问我想如何打开文件。当我点击用谷歌打开它时，它开始为 Python 阅读的每封电子邮件打开一个新标签。如果弹出“你想如何打开它”时我没有点击任何东西，我只是继续使用程序，同时让窗口回到后面，它不会打开新标签，程序运行正常.所以我的问题真的是如何防止“如何打开”的存在。

【问题讨论】：

确保您有一个文件扩展名并为每个附件设置一个 Content-Type 标题。具体来说，它可能应该以 .html 结尾并具有 Content-Type: text/html

我有这些文件，但我不知道它们到底是什么意思。 @Max

是webbrowser.open 调用导致对话框出现吗？请注意 webbrowser 文档中的此警告：Note that on some platforms, trying to open a filename using this function, may work and start the operating system’s associated program. However, this is neither supported nor portable.。您至少应该将文件路径转换为 ​​URL。打开file:///…. 可能会更好。请注意，现代网络浏览器对基于文件的 HTML 文件施加了很多限制。

太棒了，成功了。 @Max 谢谢！

【参考方案1】：

导致此问题的是 webbrowser.open 行。经过几次测试后，邮件仍然有效，但没有出现额外的选项卡/窗口。