C 或 C++ websocket 客户端工作示例

Posted 2023-05-07

【中文标题】C 或 C++ websocket 客户端工作示例

【英文标题】：C or C++ websocket client working example

【发布时间】：2021-11-02 03:50:48

【问题描述】：

我是 C 和 C++ 的新手。我正在尝试为可以连接到 websocket 服务器的 C 或 C++ 中的任何 websocket 库找到小的工作示例。所以，到目前为止，我已经探索了 uWebsockets、libwebsockets、websocketpp 和 boost::beast。他们似乎都没有详细的文档。我在 https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/develop/libs/beast/doc/html/beast/examples.html 的 boost::beast 网站上找到了一些示例，但是它们也不起作用。如果我能找到一个可行的示例，我可以研究它以了解更多信息。

我试过这个命令，它正在连接到雅虎端点： wscat -c "wss://streamer.finance.yahoo.com/" -H '来源：https://finance.yahoo.com' 并打印一个随机字符串。

wscat -c "wss://streamer.finance.yahoo.com/" -H 'Origin: https://finance.yahoo.com'
Connected (press CTRL+C to quit)
> "subscribe":["ES=F","YM=F","NQ=F","RTY=F","CL=F","GC=F","SI=F","EURUSD=X","^TNX","^VIX","GBPUSD=X","JPY=X","BTC-USD","^CMC200","^FTSE","^N225","INTC"]
< CgdCVEMtVVNEFduJQ0cYoP2/2/VeIgNVU0QqA0NDQzApOAFFlmEuP0iAgL/AwQJVlwxHR139ST1HZYBWqUNqC0JpdGNvaW4gVVNEsAGAgL/AwQLYAQTgAYCAv8DBAugBgIC/wMEC8gEDQlRD+gENQ29pbk1hcmtldENhcIECAAAAADbvcUGJAgAAhAG9ZWtC
< CgdCVEMtVVNEFQTtQkcY4KbH2/VeIgNVU0QqA0NDQzApOAFFUznHPkiAgMzPwQJVlwxHR139ST1HZQBrQUNqC0JpdGNvaW4gVVNEsAGAgMzPwQLYAQTgAYCAzM/BAugBgIDMz8EC8gEDQlRD+gENQ29pbk1hcmtldENhcIECAAAAADbvcUGJAgAAND7DT2tC

我试过这样的简单python代码

from websocket import create_connection
import json
import pprint
import re
import time
import datetime



def subscribe_yahoo ():        
    headers = 
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:91.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/91.0',
        'Accept': '*/*',
        'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.5',
        'Sec-WebSocket-Version': '13',
        'Origin': 'https://finance.yahoo.com',
        'Sec-WebSocket-Key': 'nNtGm/0ZJcrR+goawlJz9w==',
        'DNT': '1',
        'Connection': 'keep-alive, Upgrade',
        'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'websocket',
        'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'websocket' ,
        'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'same-site' ,
        'Pragma': 'no-cache',
        'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
        'Upgrade': 'websocket',
    


    messages='"subscribe":["INTC"]'

    # Initialize the headers needed for the websocket connection
    initMessages = [
       messages,
       
    ]


    
    websocketUri = """wss://streamer.finance.yahoo.com/"""
    print (websocketUri)
           
    ws = create_connection(websocketUri,header=headers)
    for m in initMessages:
        print ("sending ", m)
        ws.send(m)
            
    message_stream = True
    i=0
    while message_stream:
        result = ws.recv()
        i=i+1
        print (str(i),' -- ', result)


subscribe_yahoo()

而且它也在工作。

如果有人可以帮助我编写在 c 或 c++ 中类似的代码，我将不胜感激。

有人可以解释是否可以使用firefox源代码https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/netwerk/protocol/websocket在C++中实现websocket客户端，或者是否有人成功使用firefox代码作为websocket客户端。

我没有要求任何推荐的图书馆，任何图书馆都可以满足我的学习目的。 在此先感谢:)

以下示例按原样从https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/develop/libs/beast/example/websocket/client/sync-ssl/websocket_client_sync_ssl.cpp复制

#include "example/common/root_certificates.hpp"

#include <boost/beast/core.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/ssl.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/websocket.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/websocket/ssl.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/connect.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/ip/tcp.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/ssl/stream.hpp>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

namespace beast = boost::beast;         // from <boost/beast.hpp>
namespace http = beast::http;           // from <boost/beast/http.hpp>
namespace websocket = beast::websocket; // from <boost/beast/websocket.hpp>
namespace net = boost::asio;            // from <boost/asio.hpp>
namespace ssl = boost::asio::ssl;       // from <boost/asio/ssl.hpp>
using tcp = boost::asio::ip::tcp;       // from <boost/asio/ip/tcp.hpp>

// Sends a WebSocket message and prints the response
int main(int argc, char** argv)

    try
    
        // Check command line arguments.
        if(argc != 4)
        
            std::cerr <<
                "Usage: websocket-client-sync-ssl <host> <port> <text>\n" <<
                "Example:\n" <<
                "    websocket-client-sync-ssl echo.websocket.org 443 \"Hello, world!\"\n";
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        
        std::string host = argv[1];
        auto const  port = argv[2];
        auto const  text = argv[3];

        // The io_context is required for all I/O
        net::io_context ioc;

        // The SSL context is required, and holds certificates
        ssl::context ctxssl::context::tlsv12_client;

        // This holds the root certificate used for verification
        load_root_certificates(ctx);

        // These objects perform our I/O
        tcp::resolver resolverioc;
        websocket::stream<beast::ssl_stream<tcp::socket>> wsioc, ctx;

        // Look up the domain name
        auto const results = resolver.resolve(host, port);

        // Make the connection on the IP address we get from a lookup
        auto ep = net::connect(get_lowest_layer(ws), results);

        // Set SNI Hostname (many hosts need this to handshake successfully)
        if(! SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(ws.next_layer().native_handle(), host.c_str()))
            throw beast::system_error(
                beast::error_code(
                    static_cast<int>(::ERR_get_error()),
                    net::error::get_ssl_category()),
                "Failed to set SNI Hostname");

        // Update the host_ string. This will provide the value of the
        // Host HTTP header during the WebSocket handshake.
        // See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-5.4
        host += ':' + std::to_string(ep.port());

        // Perform the SSL handshake
        ws.next_layer().handshake(ssl::stream_base::client);

        // Set a decorator to change the User-Agent of the handshake
        ws.set_option(websocket::stream_base::decorator(
            [](websocket::request_type& req)
            
                req.set(http::field::user_agent,
                    std::string(BOOST_BEAST_VERSION_STRING) +
                        " websocket-client-coro");
            ));

        // Perform the websocket handshake
        ws.handshake(host, "/");

        // Send the message
        ws.write(net::buffer(std::string(text)));

        // This buffer will hold the incoming message
        beast::flat_buffer buffer;

        // Read a message into our buffer
        ws.read(buffer);

        // Close the WebSocket connection
        ws.close(websocket::close_code::normal);

        // If we get here then the connection is closed gracefully

        // The make_printable() function helps print a ConstBufferSequence
        std::cout << beast::make_printable(buffer.data()) << std::endl;
    
    catch(std::exception const& e)
    
        std::cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;

编译使用：

g++ (Ubuntu 9.3.0-17ubuntu1~20.04) 9.3.0

g++ boost_test.cpp -o websocket-client-sync-ssl -lboost_system -pthread -lssl -lcrypto

./websocket-client-sync-ssl
Usage: websocket-client-sync-ssl <host> <port> <text>
Example:
    websocket-client-sync-ssl echo.websocket.org 443 "Hello, world!"

然后按照建议：

./websocket-client-sync-ssl echo.websocket.org 443 "Hello, world!"

没用

/websocket-client-sync-ssl streamer.finance.yahoo.com 443 "Hello, world!"
Error: The WebSocket stream was gracefully closed at both endpoints

【问题讨论】：

我也是 C/C++ 新手。实际上，我从未听说过这种语言。你能链接一些关于这种语言的信息吗？

请注意，这里要求图书馆推荐是特别离题的——请查看What topics can I ask about here?。请多关注您的问题以提出一个具体问题。提到的所有这些库都应该可以工作。如果您尝试过某事并遇到问题，请出示该代码，描述问题并就该代码提出问题。

“他们似乎都没有详细的文档”。欢迎来到开源软件的世界。现实情况是，这种级别的文档很常见，您需要学习使用它。我知道 websocketpp 文档虽然不完美，但确实足以开始使用。再次显示您尝试过的代码，以便我们回答更具体的问题。

@kaylum：我编译了这个例子：boost.org/doc/libs/develop/libs/beast/example/websocket/client/…；并尝试使用代码推荐的命令，这也不起作用。 ``` websocket-client-sync-ssl echo.websocket.org 443 \"你好，世界！\"\n" ```

@MichaelAuten 没有 C/C++ 语言。有 C 或 C++，两种不同的语言。选择一个。

【参考方案1】：

这是一个使用 easywsclient 的快速演示：

#include "easywsclient.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <memory>
#include <mutex>
#include <deque>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
#include <atomic>

// a simple, thread-safe queue with (mostly) non-blocking reads and writes
namespace non_blocking 
template <class T>
class Queue 
    mutable std::mutex m;
    std::deque<T> data;
public:
    void push(T const &input)  
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> L(m);
        data.push_back(input);
    

    bool pop(T &output) 
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> L(m);
        if (data.empty())
            return false;
        output = data.front();
        data.pop_front();
        return true;
    
;


// eastwsclient isn't thread safe, so this is a really simple
// thread-safe wrapper for it.
class Ws 
    std::thread runner;
    non_blocking::Queue<std::string> outgoing;
    non_blocking::Queue<std::string> incoming;
    std::atomic<bool> running  true ;

public:
    void send(std::string const &s)  outgoing.push(s); 
    bool recv(std::string &s)  return incoming.pop(s); 

    Ws(std::string url) 
        using easywsclient::WebSocket;

        runner = std::thread([=] 
            std::unique_ptr<WebSocket> ws(WebSocket::from_url(url));
            while (running) 
                if (ws->getReadyState() == WebSocket::CLOSED)
                    break;
                std::string data;
                if (outgoing.pop(data))
                    ws->send(data);
                ws->poll();
                ws->dispatch([&](const std::string & message) 
                    incoming.push(message);
                );
                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
            
            ws->close();
            ws->poll();
        );
    
    void close()  running = false; 
    ~Ws()  if (runner.joinable()) runner.join(); 
;

int main() 
    Ws socket("ws://localhost:40800");

    std::atomic<bool> runtrue;
    auto receiver = std::thread([&] 
        std::string s;
        while (run) 
            if (socket.recv(s))
                std::cout << s << '\n';
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
        
    );

    std::string line;
    while (std::getline(std::cin, line))
        socket.send(line);
    run = false;
    receiver.join();
    socket.close();

我使用Crow在服务器上对其进行了测试：

// A simple websocket-based echo server
#include "crow_all.h"

int main()  
    crow::SimpleApp app;

    CROW_ROUTE(app, "/")
        .websocket()
        .onopen([&](crow::websocket::connection& conn)
                CROW_LOG_INFO << "new websocket connection";
                )
        .onclose([&](crow::websocket::connection& conn, const std::string& reason)
                CROW_LOG_INFO << "websocket connection closed: " << reason;
                )
        .onmessage([&](crow::websocket::connection& conn, const std::string& data, bool is_binary)
                    std::cout << "Received message: " << data << "\n";
                    if (is_binary)
                        conn.send_binary(data);
                    else
                        conn.send_text(data);
                );

    app.port(40800)
        .multithreaded()
        .run();

我使用这个 Makefile 构建：

both: client server

INC = -Iexternal/easywsclient/ -Iexternal/crow/build/amalgamate/

LIBS = -leasywsclient -Lexternal/easywsclient -lboost_system -pthread

CXXFLAGS += $INC

client: client.o
    $CXX -o client client.o $LIBS

server: server.o
    $CXX -o server server.o $LIBS

要进行测试，请启动服务器，然后启动客户端。然后你可以在客户端中输入随机的东西。它将被发送到服务器，在那里打印出来，回显给客户端，然后再打印出来。几乎是典型的、无用的（但足以证明他们正在通信）网络演示之类的东西。

【讨论】：

谢谢，我编译了你的代码，它工作正常，但是当我将 main 中的第一行更改为 Ws socket("wss://streamer.finance.yahoo.com/") 时出现错误。 ERROR: Could not parse WebSocket url: wss://streamer.finance.yahoo.com/.

我认为easywsclient不支持ssl

@MichaelAuten：对不起，我没有注意到你想做 ssl。为此，我会改用IXWebSockets。需要做更多工作，但支持 TLS。

@JerryCoffin：非常感谢，IXWebSockets 成功了！ git 有带有 wss 端点的工作示例。我安装libdeflate 后编译的示例。代码使用g++ hello1.cpp -lixwebsocket -pthread -lz -ldeflate -lssl -lcrypto

编译