JUnit、Mockito 和 Spring ApplicationContext：模拟属性时遇到问题

Posted 2023-04-18

【中文标题】JUnit、Mockito 和 Spring ApplicationContext：模拟属性时遇到问题

【英文标题】：JUnit, Mockito and Spring ApplicationContext: Trouble mocking a property

【发布时间】：2017-01-24 13:10:52

【问题描述】：

问题描述：我无法为特定的 spring bean 设置一个模拟来返回我的开发框上的正确模拟测试资源位置，而不是运行时 Web 应用程序根。我确信我的重构做了一些愚蠢的事情。我希望有人看到它。

我正在使用 Quartz 在 Spring 上执行作业。 Quartz 工作运行良好，并且可以正常获取 Spring 应用程序上下文。剩下的唯一事情就是为 Web 资源所在的测试或运行时位置连接一个配置属性。 ：

JUnit 4、Spring 3.1、Quartz、Java 8、Mockito

界面：

public interface ITitle 
  /**
   * Gets the root of the application.
   * @return location String
   */
  public String getRuntimeLocation();

实现：

@Component("Title")
public class Title implements ITitle, ApplicationContextAware 

  private String location;

  /**
   * Gets the root of the application.
   * @return location String
  */
 public String getRuntimeLocation() 
  String location = "";

  config = getConfig();
  log.debug("Class Title --- Method getRuntimeLocation -- config is " + config );

  location = config.getRuntimeLocation();
  log.debug("Class Title --- Method getRuntimeMethod -- runtime location is " + location );

  return location;
  
 

单元测试

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import com.generators.analytics.serialised.ITitle;

import java.io.File;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = 
    "classpath*:/WEB-INF/conf/analytics-context.xml"
)
public class GeneratorTest 

  private AnalyticsGenerator generator;

  @Mock
  private IConfig config;

  @Mock
  private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

  @Mock
  private ITitle title;

  // Set a logger
  private static Logger log =   LoggerFactory.getLogger(GeneratorTest.class);
  private JobExecutionContext job;

  /**
   * Initialises the test parameters.
   */
  @Before
  public void setUp() throws Exception 
      //create a generator object
      generator = new AnalyticsGenerator();

      MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);

      when(applicationContext.getBean("Query")).thenReturn(query);
      when(applicationContext.getBean("Config")).thenReturn(config);

            when(config.getRuntimeLocation()).thenReturn(“/Users/me/dev/workarea/");

     generator.executeInternal(ctx);
     

/**
 * Expected: Json exists
 */
@Test
public void testThatExecuteInternalCreatesAJsonFile() throws JobExecutionException 

    generator.executeInternal(job);

    File returnedJson = new File("classpath:/google-analytics.json");

    Assert.assertNotNull("The JSON file does not exist", returnedJson );


/**
 * Remove objects from memory.
 */
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception 
    generator = null;

spring xml 文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
  * analytics-context.xml
  *
  * resource configuration file for Google Analytics recommendations integration framework.
  *
  * All custom beans and services must be defined in this file.
  -->
 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
   xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
   xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
   xmlns:ehcache="http://ehcache-spring-annotations.googlecode.com/svn/schema/ehcache-spring"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd
                        http://ehcache-spring-annotations.googlecode.com/svn/schema/ehcache-spring
                        http://ehcache-spring-annotations.googlecode.com/svn/schema/ehcache-spring/ehcache-spring-1.1.xsd">

<context:annotation-config/>

<!--
    START Globally used Google Analytics Query parameters
-->
<bean id="Config" class=“com.generators.analytics.Config">
    <property name="reportLocation" value="/data/runtime/web/assets/generated-list/google-analytics.json"/>
    <property name="runtimeLocation" value="/data/runtime/web/"/>
</bean>

<bean id="configFactory" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ServiceLocatorFactoryBean">
    <property name="serviceLocatorInterface" value=“com.generators.analytics.ConfigFactory" />
</bean>

<alias name="Config" alias="C" />

<bean id="Title" class=“com.generators.analytics.serialised.Title">
    <property name="config" ref="Config"/>
</bean>

<context:component-scan base-package=“com.generators.analytics" />

<!--
    END Globally used Google Analytics Query parameters
 -->

运行测试后，我在日志中得到了这个：

11:51:43.020 [main] DEBUG com.generators.analytics.serialised.Title - Class Title --- Method getConfig -- applicationContext is org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@57f23557: startup date [Tue Jan 24 11:51:31 GMT 2017]; root of context hierarchy
11:51:43.020 [main] DEBUG com.generators.analytics.serialised.Title - Class Title --- Method getConfig -- config is com.generators.analytics.Config@13d9cbf5
11:51:43.020 [main] DEBUG com.generators.analytics.serialised.Title - Class Title --- Method getRuntimeLocation -- config is com.generators.analytics.Config@13d9cbf5
11:51:43.020 [main] DEBUG com.generators.analytics.serialised.Title - Class Title --- Method getRuntimeMethod -- runtime location is /data/runtime/web/

问题是，我在获取预期路径 /Users/me/dev/workarea/ 方面有什么明显的错误吗？

我想我需要进行重构以从方法中提取位置？我不确定如何重构这个特定的步骤。

    when(config.getRuntimeLocation()).thenReturn(“/Users/me/dev/workarea/");

【参考方案1】：

我通过创建 spring 配置文件的副本并更改来解决了这个问题

<bean id="Config" class="com.generators.analytics.Config">
    <property name="reportLocation" value="/Users/arnout/dev/soton-test/workarea/assets/generated-list/google-analytics.json"/>
    <property name="runtimeLocation" value="/Users/arnout/dev/soton-test/workarea/"/>
</bean>

然后改变

@ContextConfiguration(locations = 
    "classpath*:/WEB-INF/conf/livesite_customer/resources/test-analytics-resource-config.xml"
)
public class GeneratorTest 

在阅读了 Spring 配置中的 Profiles 之后，我做了一些横向思考。实际上我不需要配置文件，这就像在测试模式下进行另一个弹簧配置一样简单。

【参考方案2】：

在 ApplicationContext 中使用 @MockBean 而不是 @Mock 怎么样？

我相信你的 ApplicationContext 类是由@Autowired 在你的实际类中创建的。